埕岛油田综合解堵技术

埕岛油田经过近20年的开发,油藏出现了不同程度的伤害,部分油井供液不足,水井注入压力上升,为此研制了有机质堵塞解除技术,可有效解除开发中后期残留在砂岩表面及毛细管管壁上的胶质、沥青质造成的油水井堵塞;研制了复合缓速酸深部酸化解堵技术,解除泥浆固相颗粒、胶结物中的桥堵颗粒造成的堵塞,疏通液体流动通道。2011年这两项技术实施解堵36井次,有效率95%以上,取得了良好的解堵效果和显著的经济效益。     

埕岛油田综合解堵技术

埕岛油田经过近20年的开发,油藏出现了不同程度的伤害,部分油井供液不足,水井注入压力上升,为此研制了有机质堵塞解除技术,可有效解除开发中后期残留在砂岩表面及毛细管管壁上的胶质、沥青质造成的油水井堵塞;研制了复合缓速酸深部酸化解堵技术,解除泥浆固相颗粒、胶结物中的桥堵颗粒造成的堵塞,疏通液体流动通道。2011年这两项技术实施解堵36井次,有效率95％以上,取得了良好的解堵效果和显著的经济效益。     

巴什托油田胶质沥青质堵塞机理及预测

巴什托油田生产过程中,"堵塞"现象一直伴随着生产存在,严重影响生产及油气开发.分析认为原油内部胶体不稳定,地层及井筒压降是导致沥青质沉淀堵塞井筒的主要原因.通过压力推导预测沥青质析出深度基本分布在500~2 400 m之间,在生产过程中,对该井段着重进行机械除垢,从而达到预防井筒堵塞的目的.     

埕北油田油井解堵技术

埕北油田开发已进入中后期,油井近井带出现不同程度的伤害,为此开发了适用于海上油田的油井解堵新技术。应用此技术确诊埕北油田油层伤害类型为有机物与微粒堵塞,据此进行了岩心驱替模拟实验,并研制出高效解堵荆及配套的施工工艺。该工艺不需起出井下管柱和电泵,不需使用钻井船。应用该工艺对埕北油田四口油井进行解堵试验,效果显著。     

埕北油田堵水问题探讨

本文概述了埕北油田绕丝筛管砾石充填完成井选择性堵水的室内研究情况,并在总结B_3井现场堵水试验的基础上,提出了埕北油田堵水试验中的几点探讨性认识,供有关人员参考。     

渤海埕北油田、绥中36-1油田注水井堵塞机理研究

介绍了埕北油田和绥中36-1油田的油藏物性和完井方式,通过测定岩心阳离子交换容量、体积流过量试验、动态结垢试验与理论预测、温度变化对水相渗透率的影响试验和敏感性试验结果及现场注水资料对两油田注水井水敏性堵塞、酸敏性堵塞、固体颗粒侵入堵塞、微粒运移堵塞、地层结垢堵塞、污油堵塞和地层出砂堵塞的机理进行了研究,得出造成埕北油田注水井堵塞的主要原因是水敏性堵塞、污油堵塞、固体颗粒侵入堵塞和地层出砂堵塞;绥中36-1油田造成注水井堵塞的主要原因是污油堵塞、固体颗粒侵入堵塞、地层出砂堵塞和地层结垢堵塞。为解堵方法的选     

埕北油田开发特点与认识

埕北油田为中日合作开发的我国海上第一个稠油油田。该油田生产15年来没有进行过大的调整，在末打一口调整井的情况下，油田的开发效果达到海上和陆上一类油田开发标准，与国内稠油油田相比达到较好的开发效果。中重点介绍了该油田的开发特点、开发规律及开发效果，并全面总结了油田的开发经验，以期为油田后期开发调整以及海上其它稠油油田开发提供参考经验。     

埕北油田原油脱水和污水处理

本文简要介绍了埕北油田用于原油和污水处理的工艺流程,详细总结了该油田自投产以来在原油脱水和污水处理两方面所做的工作,通过工艺流程的调试与改进、工艺参数的调整和化学药剂的筛选与投加试验,使该油田的净化原油含水和排放污水含油基本上达到了规定的标准。埕北油田原油脱水和污水处理问题的基本解决为我国海上其它稠油油田的开发提供了经验。     

Experimental investigation of asphaltene deposition mechanism during oil flow in core samples

Asphaltene deposition is an issue that has received much attention since it has been shown to be the cause of major production problems in enhanced oil recovery processes. Asphaltenes are heavy oil components which, under certain conditions, precipitate and the solid phase they form may deposit in the porous media of the oil reservoir. All proposed remediation techniques have proven costly and not highly effective, so prevention becomes the only way to counteract the problem. Revelation of the deposition mechanism and determination of the parameters they affect it are necessary in order to devise reliable prevention strategies. In this work, an experimental effort is made to investigate the deposition process in core samples, under simulant and realistic flow conditions. The main experimental tools utilized for this purpose are permeability measurements, analysis of asphaltene concentration, pore structure characterization techniques and Soxhlet extraction for the determination of the deposited asphaltenes. Both dead and reservoir oils are used as well as cores of various permeabilities and pore structure characteristics.     

A new technique for treatment of permeability damage due to asphaltene deposition using laser technology

This study proposes a new technique for cleaning deposited asphaltenes using laser energy. Two series of experiments were carried out to achieve this objective. In the first one, one-inch column of bitumen mixed with limestone was placed above powdered limestone column in a flow cell. In the second series of experiments, actual consolidated limestone cores were subjected to flow of asphaltenic crude oil to simulate the damage process (i.e. permeability reduction). Both unconsolidated and consolidated limestone samples were subjected to a laser energy using laboratory diode modules at various laser intensity and treatment time intervals.Experimental results indicated that exposure of the above-mentioned permeability damaged limestone samples to laser energy caused asphaltene disruption and resulted in recovery of damaged permeability. The increase of laser intensity increased the recovered permeability and the optimum time duration is measured to be 1 h at laser intensity of 19 mW/h. Simultaneous pumping is required during the laser treatment to avoid the re-precipitation of the disrupted asphaltene.     

利用泡沫解除黏土造成的储层伤害试验研究

黏土膨胀或运移/沉积会造成孔隙堵塞或吼道堵塞,从而引起储层孔隙度及渗透率的下降,导致油气井产能降低。提出了利用泡沫解堵技术来解除黏土造成的储层伤害,并设计了氮气泡沫解堵试验系统。为了模拟黏土造成不同程度的储层伤害,以PVA薄膜包裹细粉砂及钙基膨润土的方式,制备了3块可出砂人造岩心。岩心测试结果显示,黏土含量越高,岩心的渗透率越低,说明黏土造成的储层伤害越严重。泡沫解堵试验结果显示,将泡沫注入岩心再放喷,可携带出部分砂土混合物,能够有效解除黏土造成的储层伤害,渗透率恢复速度较快;黏土造成的伤害比由细粉砂造成的储层伤害严重。此研究可为储层伤害修复提供理论依据。     

原油正构烷烃沥青质聚沉机理研究及沉淀量测定

用IP 143标准方法测定了我国孤岛和草桥原油正构烷沥青质沉淀量。结果表明两种原油的沥青质沉淀量均随沉淀剂分子量增大而减小、随剂油比增大而增大。在原油沥青质 胶质胶束模型的基础上提出了一种新的沥青质聚沉机理 ,该机理的基本假设是原油中沥青质分子以胶束形式存在 ,其中胶核为沥青质缔合物 ,溶剂化层为胶质和溶剂分子。通过分析沉淀剂性质、剂油比、体系温度和压力等对沥青质 胶质胶束稳定性的影响得出了沥青质沉淀点、沉淀量、沉淀物平均分子量以及沉淀物平均颗粒大小随沉淀剂性质和剂油比等因素变化的规律。经比较说明 ,这些规律与本文及文献实验结果相符     

流体性质变化对双河油田储集层的损害

在双河油田近２０年的高效开发过程中，流体性质发生了变化，对油层造成不同程度的损害。主要表现在：①注入水的长期冲刷，加大了储集层物性和孔隙结构变化速度，使得后期储集层各类溶孔非常发育，孔隙和喉道在三维空间上的分布、组合及配置关系更加复杂，它与注入水的水质及与地层水的配伍性和储集层敏感性有关，是油层损害的主要原因。②地层水中离子的变化，特别是某些阳离子（Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋等）易与岩石颗粒进行离子交换，造成矿物的转化、溶解和沉淀，形成更多的地层微粒和细小喉道，增大油层渗透率非均质性。③原油在地层中含盐量、含硫量、含蜡量的变化等也可使油层渗透性能变差。④外来液体对地层的水锁效应，降低了油相渗透率；润湿性反转造成地层损害；细菌繁殖造成注水井地层堵塞，固体颗粒堵塞孔隙、喉道等。流体性质的变化与油层物性变化关系密切，是当前储集层损害及评价研究的重要组成部分。照片６图２表３参３（郭海莉摘）     

Investigation of the asphaltene deposition along the flow of the oil in tubing: Experimental study and a parametric analysis

In this work, a novel experimental setup was designed and utilized to carry out the n-alkane induced asphaltenes for understanding the kinetics of deposition and also effects of oil velocity, oil-precipitant volumetric dilution ratio, and temperature on the rate of asphaltene deposition. As the deposited layer of asphaltenes makes it difficult for the flow of oil along the tube, measurement of the pressure drop across the tube section of setup enabled the measurement of the amount and extent of deposition process at desired condition. The experimental results revealed that increasing the velocity of fluid across the pipe dominance the shear force on asphaltene deposit and cause remobilization of part of the deposit into the flowing fluid in contrary to oil-precipitant ratio, where deposition rate is enhanced with increasing DR ratio. The results of this work elucidate some less-addressed shadows of dynamics of flow blockage in pipelines and could create a better framework for conducting forthcoming experiments     

有机垢对地层损害机理研究

有机垢对地层的损害是引起产能下降的一个重要原因，通过室内实验研究了有机垢对地层损害的机理。实验结果表明，有机垢在多孔介质中形成后使部分孔喉受到堵塞，岩石渗透率明显下降，同时，有机垢还使岩石表面润湿性发生转变，其亲油性地产强，对亲水油藏，由于润湿性的转变，油、水两相在多孔介质中的分布发生变化，油上相对渗透率降低，采收率也受到影响。有机垢造成的损害在地层中很难彻底清除，因此，应以预防为主。     

塔河油田稠油沥青质解堵技术研究与应用

塔河油田油藏原油高含沥青质,随着油井生产,油藏、井筒压力、温度场的变化,井筒堵塞现象时有发生.采用X射线荧光光谱、组分分析、溶剂萃取等方法分析了堵塞物成分.结果表明,堵塞物90%以上是有机物,有机物中沥青质含量大于38%.针对堵塞物主要组分,研制了新型沥青解堵剂,对其性能进行了评价.60 ℃时溶解速率最高可达到2.956 mg/(mL·min),胶体不稳定指数大于0.9的原油中加入质量分数1%新型沥青解堵剂,可有效抑制沥青质沉积.     

一种油层解堵新方法──热化学解堵

由于多方面的原因，油层被钻开后会出现堵塞。这些堵塞物有的可以被酸除去，有的还没找到较好的解决方法。我们经过大量的室内研究，开发出一种热化学解堵剂。该解堵剂化学性质稳定、发热量大、配伍性好，且具有成本低廉、储运和施工方便、解堵效果好、适应广等特点。     

A new rigorous two-phase kinetic model for accurate prediction of the asphaltene deposition rate during the oil flow in porous media of petroleum reservoirs

Asphaltene formation and deposition in oil reservoirs are the most important problems in petroleum industry. A new rigorous two-phase kinetic model for simulation of flow behavior considering the asphaltene deposition process is presented in this work. All governing equations considering the proposed new adsorption kinetic model are solved by finite difference method. The presented model is validated using the most accurate available data and different oil samples. The proposed approach can be used for accurate evaluation of the effect of asphaltene deposition on the oil flowing condition in porous media of petroleum reservoirs.