移动机器人四杆地形感知机构的设计

根据四杆机构的运动特性,结合城区和建筑内地形环境的特点设计了一种移动机器人四杆地形感知机构——TTSMS。通过对凸形地形的定义,描述了TTSMS对地形感知的原理和方法。它能够精确、可靠的感知地形,基本不受环境的干扰,能够直接获取障碍的特征,解决了移动机器人在三维地形环境中运动时障碍的实时感知问题。     

菱形移动机器人行走机构及其运动研究

基于传统的菱形结构双轮差速控制移动机器人的特点，提出了一种采用双轮差速控制的三段菱形结构移动机器人的设计方法，分析了这种结构的机器人的运动学和动力学性能，给出该机器人运动的约束条件，研究表明此方法可以有效提高其对地形的适应能力。     

多移动机器人协同模式及其倾翻稳定性研究

针对山地果园单个移动机器人爬坡能力不足及稳定性差等问题,提出了一种多移动机器人协同操作的方法。在原有六足机器人结构的基础上增加了用于多机协同操作的连接件,得到了用于多机协同操作的机器人单体。将3个六足机器人单体通过协同操作得到了3种典型协同模式：串行模式、并行模式、三角模式。最后采用稳定锥法对足式移动机器人系统的单体模式及3种典型协同模式在6种典型地形情况下的静态、动态稳定性分别进行了分析。理论分析及仿真实验结果表明：3种典型协同模式间可进行两两切换;在6种典型地形情况下,通过多机协同操作及协同模式切换的方式可提高足式机器人系统的稳定性。     

Biped walking robot based on a 2-UPU+2-UU parallel mechanism

Existing biped robots mainly fall into two categories： robots with left and right feet and robots with upper and lower feet. The load carrying capability of a biped robot is quite limited since the two feet of a walking robot supports the robot alternatively during walking. To improve the load carrying capability, a novel biped walking robot is proposed based on a 2-UPU＋2-UU parallel mechanism. The biped walking robot is composed of two identical platforms（feet） and four limbs, including two UPU（universal-prismatic-universal serial chain） limbs and two UU limbs. To enhance its terrain adaptability like articulated vehicles, the two feet of the biped walking robot are designed as two vehicles in detail. The conditions that the geometric parameters of the feet must satisfy are discussed. The degrees-of-freedom of the mechanism is analyzed by using screw theory. Gait analysis, kinematic analysis and stability analysis of the mechanism are carried out to verify the structural design parameters. The simulation results validate the feasibility of walking on rugged terrain. Experiments with a physical prototype show that the novel biped walking robot can walk stably on smooth terrain. Due to its unique feet design and high stiffness, the biped walking robot may adapt to rugged terrain and is suitable for load-carrying.     

球—轮复合可变形机器人的结构设计与分析

设计一种将球形机器人与轮式机器人运动特点相结合的可变形移动机器人。该移动机器人可以适应多种复杂的地形环境,自身几何形状发生变化以实现球形和轮式机器人互换。球—轮复合型移动机器人的机构系统由可变形球壳、球体推进装置和轮式驱动装置组成。通过对可变形球壳的拉伸和收缩实现球形和轮式机器人之间的角色交换。运用理论推导和参数优化等方法对球—轮复合型移动机器人中的变形球壳、车轮、和驱动重摆的结构尺寸进行分析,并通过仿真试验验证了机构尺寸参数选择的合理性,为该复合型移动机器人的机构设计提供了理论依据。最后通过实物试验验证,证实了该移动机器人实现的可行性。     

Autonomous multiple teams establishment for mobile sensor networks by SVMs within a potential field

In this work, a new method and algorithm for autonomous teams establishment with mobile sensor network units by SVMs based on task allocations within a potential field is proposed. The sensor network deployed into the environment using the algorithm is composed of robot units with sensing capability of magnetic anomaly of the earth. A new algorithm is developed for task assignment. It is based on the optimization of weights between robots and tasks. The weights are composed of skill ratings of the robots and priorities of the tasks. Multiple teams of mobile units are established in a local area based on these mission vectors. A mission vector is the genetic and gained background information of the mobile units. The genetic background is the inherent structure of their knowledge base in a vector form but it can be dynamically updated with the information gained later on by experience. The mission is performed in a magnetic anomaly environment. The initial values of the mission vectors are loaded by the task assignment algorithm. The mission vectors are updated at the beginning of each sampling period of the motion. Then the teams of robots are created by the support vector machines. A linear optimal hyperplane is calculated by the use of SVM algorithm during training period. Then the robots are classified as teams by use of SVM mechanism embedded in the robots. The support vector machines are implemented in the robots by ordinary op-amps and basic logical gates. Team establishment is tested by simulations and a practical test-bed. Both simulations and the actual operation of the system prove that the system functions satisfactorily.     

双曲柄机构在移动机器人中的应用与优化

根据双曲柄四杆机构的特点，将其用于被动式复杂地形移动机器人的结构设计，提高了机器人的越障能力。通过对双曲柄四杆机构的几何分析，得出地形适应性强的前轮轨迹曲线。弹簧在双曲柄四杆机构中的安装位置及其刚度对机器人前轮、中轮和后轮的受力都有影响，通过对双曲柄四杆机构的静力学分析优化了弹簧在四杆机构中的安装位置。     

具有避障功能的小型地面移动机器人

针对在危险环境下对移动机器人的运动要求,设计了一种简易的具有避障功能的小型地面移动机器人,阐述了其机构设计及其控制实现。     

SOFT TERRAIN SPECTRUM CAUSING VEHICLE VIBRATION

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基于足端位置的六足机器人漫游地形感知与表征

未知复杂地形的精准感知与量化表征长期制约着六足机器人运动性能与作业效能的本质提升。针对传统基于外部传感的地形感知与表征方法普遍存在的感知范围局限、感知精度不足、表征效果欠佳等突出问题,研究借鉴足式生物地形感知机理,充分利用足端与地形交替离散接触特性,创新提出基于足端位置的六足机器人漫游地形感知与表征方法。通过构建时变机体坐标系下足端位置解算模型,解决漫游地形无序足端序列坐标高效求取难题。基于足端序列的周期化处理与矢量化描述,建立基于周期足端位置状态的局部地形量化表征方法,间接构建时变机体位姿与局部地形间周期映射关系。系统分析相邻周期机体位姿间耦合约束与变换机制,建立基于机体位姿变换的全局形貌拓扑重构方法,以连续精准机体位姿作为参照实现周期映射局部地形的拓扑拼接。样机实验结果表明,基于足端位置的六足机器人地形感知与表征方法相比传统方法能够在无需增设外部观测传感器件条件下较为精准合理的量化表征不同特征局部地形,并实现漫游地形全局形貌的精准拓扑重构。     

基于双目视觉的工业机器人运动轨迹准确度检测

针对工业机器人运动轨迹准确度检测困难的问题,提出了一种基于双目视觉理论的检测方法。根据空间解析几何学中点、线和面三者之间的约束关系,建立了基于直线特征匹配的工业机器人运动轨迹位姿视觉检测模型。基于此模型对一种典型六轴工业机器人运动轨迹的位置偏差和姿态偏差进行了测量。测量结果表明采用这种方法的测量系统结构相对简单,能够方便地进行工业机器人动态轨迹准确度的测量。     

足式机器人的稳定行走*

足式机器人在行走过程中,足端与地面之间的法向冲击力将影响机器人的在垂直方向上的稳定性。被动柔顺可以减小垂直冲击力但同时可引发平台持续震荡。针对该问题,设计基于足端力反馈的主动柔顺控制器,分析其对机器人垂直稳定性的影响。机器人由于机械间隙、步态、路面等因素将出现足端打滑现象,导致机器人水平方向失稳。引入摆腿回缩技术,分析摆腿回缩对机器人水平稳定性能的影响。仿真和液压足式机器人行走试验验证提出方法的有效性,提高了机器人行走过程中的垂直和水平方向稳定性。     

基于球齿轮的轮腿移动系统单侧越障过程运动学研究

单侧越障是轮腿复合移动系统在复杂地形行进过程中一种经常性的运动形式,针对一种新型轮腿式移动系统,分析了其在保持主体姿态情况下的单侧越障运动条件,并对两种典型的障碍情况进行了运动约束分析和运动参数推导计算,据此总结了该轮腿系统单侧越障运动参数计算的一般过程,给出了部分运动参数计算结果曲线,最后,就系统在运动过程中的一些实际问题进行了分析。     

Mecanum轮全方位移动机器人技术及其应用

全方位移动机器人是指在地面可以进行前后、左右、原地回转等任意方向移动的机器人技术,Mecanum轮全方位移动机器人具有本体结构简单、控制性能优良、通过性好的全方位运动性能,在工程应用中得到越来越广泛关注。介绍了Mecanum轮机器人的全方位移动原理、Mecanum轮的结构设计与制造技术、精确运动控制技术、自动循迹及路径规划技术,并介绍了其在国内外军事与民用领域的典型工程运用。     

履带式移动机器人研究综述

分析了国内外履带式机器人的研究现状,讨论了履带式机器人在机械结构、稳定性和控制方法等方面的现有研究方法,列举了履带式机器人研究中存在的问题,展望了履带式机器人的发展方向。     

Motion error compensation of multi-legged walking robots

Existing errors in the structure and kinematic parameters of multi-legged walking robots,the motion trajectory of robot will diverge from the ideal sports requirements in movement.Since the existing error compensation is usually used for control compensation of manipulator arm,the error compensation of multi-legged robots has seldom been explored.In order to reduce the kinematic error of robots,a motion error compensation method based on the feedforward for multi-legged mobile robots is proposed to improve motion precision of a mobile robot.The locus error of a robot body is measured,when robot moves along a given track.Error of driven joint variables is obtained by error calculation model in terms of the locus error of robot body.Error value is used to compensate driven joint variables and modify control model of robot,which can drive the robots following control model modified.The model of the relation between robot’s locus errors and kinematic variables errors is set up to achieve the kinematic error compensation.On the basis of the inverse kinematics of a multi-legged walking robot,the relation between error of the motion trajectory and driven joint variables of robots is discussed.Moreover,the equation set is obtained,which expresses relation among error of driven joint variables,structure parameters and error of robot’s locus.Take MiniQuad as an example,when the robot MiniQuad moves following beeline tread,motion error compensation is studied.The actual locus errors of the robot body are measured before and after compensation in the test.According to the test,variations of the actual coordinate value of the robot centroid in x-direction and z-direction are reduced more than one time.The kinematic errors of robot body are reduced effectively by the use of the motion error compensation method based on the feedforward.     

纵向打滑状态下轮式移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制

针对轮式移动机器人纵向打滑状态下滑动参数未知的轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出了一种轨迹跟踪控制方法。建立了纵向打滑状态下移动机器人的运动学模型,用滑动 参数表示左右轮的打滑程度;设计合适的滑模观测器对未知的滑动参数进行估计,并通过低通滤波器减少抖振对估计结果产生的影响;基于Lyapunov直接法设计轨迹跟踪控制律,并提出了一种根据控制系统的极点分布确定控制参数的方法。仿真结果验证了所提方法的准确性和有效性。     

Development of a tactile sensor array with flexible structure using piezoelectric film

This research is the development of a flexible tactile sensor array for service robots using PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) film for the detection of a contact state in real time. The prototype of the tactile sensor which has 8X8 array using PVDF film was fabricated. In the fabrication procedure, the electrode patterns and the common electrode of the thin conductive tape were attached to both sides of the 28/im thickness PVDF film using conductive adhesive. The sensor was covered with polyester film for insulation and attached to the rubber base for a stable structure. The proposed fabrication method is simple and easy to make the sensor. The sensor has the advantages in the implementing for practical applications because its structure is flexible and the shape of the each tactile element can be designed arbitrarily. The signals of a contact force to the tactile sensor were sensed and processed in the DSP system in which the signals are digitized and filtered. Finally, the signals were integrated for taking the force profile. The processed signals of the output of the sensor were visualized in a personal computer, and the shape and force distribution of the contact object were obtained. The reasonable performance for the detection of the contact state was verified through the sensing examples.     

门卫机器人移动平台的设计及运动控制

针对服务型轮式移动机器人—门卫机器人,设计了其移动平台的层式机械结构和以ATmega168V单片机为核心的模块化控制系统,并对该移动平台的运动控制进行了研究。通过实验实现了预期的运动控制目标并证实了设计的有效性。     

Human following of a mobile service robot with single laser range finder

The human following becomes one of the significant procedure in human-friendly navigation of mobile robots.Many potential applications of human-following technology are developed lately.This paper sugg...