传统发酵东北酸菜中植物乳杆菌HUCM115的分离及益生特性

从东北酸菜中分离筛选到1株乳酸菌,经形态学及16S rDNA和pheS基因序列比对分析鉴定为植物乳杆菌,并命名为HUCM115。植物乳杆菌HUCM115对酸和胆汁胁迫表现出了较好的耐受能力,pH 2.5或0.5 g/100 mL胆汁环境下分别培养3 h,其存活性无显著变化,并具有良好的自动聚集能力,室温静置60 min自动聚集百分比近70%。菌株HUCM115在含胆固醇培养基中培养24 h,胆固醇去除率达20.6%,在含谷氨酸培养基中培养48 h,γ-氨基丁酸质量浓度积累至101.3μg/mL。结果表明:植物乳杆菌HUCM115展现出了良好的益生特性,可作为候选益生菌株进行深入研究。     

开菲尔粒中一株乳酸乳球菌的分离及性能研究

为了筛选益生乳酸菌,从传统发酵乳制品之发酵剂开菲尔粒中分离到一株优势菌株,命名为HUCM 201,经形态学特征、16S rDNA基因序列及生理生化特性分析,将其鉴定为乳酸乳球菌乳亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis)。该菌株对酸和胆汁均表现出了一定的耐受能力,在模拟人工胃液的环境中培养3 h后,活菌数接近于105 CFU/mL水平;而经1%牛胆汁作用4 h后,活菌数仅出现了微弱的减少。同时,以Caco-2细胞为模型模拟肠道上皮细胞检测细菌的黏附能力,菌株HUCM 201对Caco-2细胞表现出了一定的黏附性,黏附率为1.93%。通过最低抑制浓度法(MICs)评价了其对抗生素的敏感性,发现其对氨苄青霉素、万古霉素、红霉素、氯霉素、青霉素5种常见抗生素均敏感。乳酸乳球菌乳亚种HUCM 201可作为一株潜在的优良候选菌株进行深入研究。     

高产胞外多糖的植物乳杆菌直投发酵菊芋泡菜的研究

采用自主研发的高产胞外多糖的植物乳杆菌直投式泡菜发酵剂制备菊芋泡菜,研究其发酵过程中泡菜液pH、总酸、活菌数、维生素C、氨基酸态氮和可溶性固形物含量的变化,同时探讨菊芋主要成分菊粉对植物乳杆菌生长的影响,并测定该菌胞外多糖的产量。结果表明,菊粉可促进植物乳杆菌的生长,37℃培养24 h,该菌胞外多糖产量高达471 mg/L。与自然发酵相比,直投发酵的菊芋泡菜各项指标均优于自然发酵,其泡菜液pH达到3.46、总酸含量达到0.36%,活菌数保持在4.3×108CFU/mL、维生素C含量为16.92%、氨基酸态氮含量为0.033%、可溶性固形物含量达到15%。得到的菊芋泡菜酸度适宜,呈诱人乳白色,活菌含量高,且富含植物乳杆菌胞外多糖,为老少皆宜的益生泡菜产品。     

降胆固醇乳酸菌的筛选及对大鼠血脂的影响

对分离自发酵品及肠道排泄物的乳酸菌进行降胆固醇体外筛选及体内评价。结果显示：所分离得到的菌株中,对MRS-CHOL培养基胆固醇降解率最高的是R-2菌株(26.97±0.51)%和I-2菌株(23.72±0.41)%;R-2和I-2菌株对酸(pH3.0)有一定耐受性,在0.3g/100mL胆盐质量浓度条件下培养6h后,I-2的活菌数为1.1×104CFU/mL,R-2的活菌数为2.2×106CFU/mL。与对照组相比,采用I-2菌株和R-2菌株饲喂高脂大鼠,均可明显抑制大鼠总胆固醇(TC) (P＜0.01) 和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(P＜0.05)升高;经鉴定,I-2菌株和R-2菌株分别为海氏肠球菌(Enterococcus hirae)和屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)。     

藏灵菇酵母菌K1耐胃肠道逆环境特性及降胆固醇的实验研究

利用从藏灵菇中筛选的马克斯克鲁维酵母K1菌株探讨胃肠道耐受性及体外降胆固醇功效。分别在pH 1.5~4.5、胆盐浓度0.3%~3.0%、NaCl浓度3.0%~6.0%的模拟胃肠道环境下,采用活菌计数法检测K1菌株的耐胃肠道逆环境特性,以邻本二甲醛法检测其降胆固醇效果。结果表明,在pH2.5~4.5作用4h活菌数超过106cfu/mL,0.3%~3.0%胆盐及3.0%~6.0%NaCl作用8h活菌数为104cfu/mL~106cfu/mL,在pH1.5~3.0(4h)及胆盐浓度0.3%~3.0%的模拟人体胃肠道环境下降胆固醇率40.0%~52.8%。显示K1菌株具有较强的耐胃肠道逆环境特性及良好的降胆固醇能力。     

降胆固醇乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定与益生特性评价

目的：从婴儿粪便和发酵食品中筛选具有高效降胆固醇能力且益生特性优异的乳酸菌。方法：从20份婴儿粪便、8份传统发酵泡菜和4份金华火腿样品中初步筛选到乳酸菌102株,采用气相色谱法测定供试菌株的降胆固醇能力,菌株ZY08和I631的降胆固醇能力显著高于（P<0.05）标准菌株（ATCC 43121）;采用16S rDNA测序对这2株乳酸菌进行鉴定,评价菌株的酸耐受性、胆盐耐受能力、抗生素敏感性及抗菌活性。结果：筛选得到2株高效降胆固醇乳酸菌：植物乳杆菌ZY08和发酵乳杆菌I631,胆固醇降低率分别为67.45%和63.19%。在pH 1.5和pH 3.0的条件下培养6 h,菌株ZY08和I631的活菌数均大于6 lg（CFU/mL）。2株菌对3,5及1.0 g/L胆盐具有一定的耐受性,胆盐耐受能力均在80%以上（胆盐含量为3 g/L）;对常见的8种抗生素（青霉素、氨苄青霉素、头孢唑林、丁胺卡那、庆大霉素、红霉素、复方新诺明、氯霉素）都不具备耐药性,对人体健康不存在潜在威胁;2株菌的代谢产物对4种肠道致病菌（金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠杆菌O157∶H7、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）具有一定的抑制作用。结论：获得具有高效降胆固醇能力的植物乳杆菌ZY08和发酵乳杆菌I631,为功能性乳制品的开发提供菌株来源。     

微生态菌株Lactobacillus Acidophilus在模拟人体胃与小肠蛋白酶环境中抗性的研究

为研究微生态菌株Lactobacillusacidophilus对胃与小肠内胃酸、胃蛋白酶、胆汁盐以及胰蛋白酶的抗逆能力,以MRS为培养基,模拟人体正常胃环境pH1.60～5.00、胃蛋白酶分泌量0.592～1.482μg/mL,小肠胰蛋白酶活力14.24～72.32u/g及胆汁盐含量0.03%～0.30%时,LactobacillusacidophilusInd-1和Lactobacillusaci-dophilusLakcid在37℃温度下培养4h,用平板菌落计数法对两菌株进行活菌计数。结果表明:在pH1.60～5.00,胃蛋白酶0.592～1.482μg/mL条件下37℃培养4h,活菌数在108cfu/mL以上;在胰蛋白酶活力14.24～72.32u/g范围内、胆汁盐0.20%的条件下,活菌数可在107cfu/mL以上。说明Lactobacillusacidophilus能顺利通过胃与小肠而进入大肠,并存活下来。     

一株开菲尔乳杆菌的分离及特性研究

为了筛选益生乳酸菌,从云南传统发酵乳制品中分离到一株菌株,命名为JMCC0101,经形态学特征、16S r RNA基因序列及生理生化特性分析,鉴定为开菲尔乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kefiri)。该菌株对酸和胆汁均表现出了一定的耐受能力,在模拟人工胃液的环境中培养3 h后,活菌数接近于10~5 CFU/m L水平;而经1%牛胆汁作用3 h后,菌数还出现了微弱的增加。通过K-B法评价了其对30种抗生素的敏感性,发现其对27种常见抗生素均敏感。开菲尔乳杆菌JMCC0101可作为一株潜在的优良候选菌株进行深入研究。     

降胆固醇乳酸菌鉴定及其在体外模拟胃肠环境中抗性研究

一株源于四川泡菜的具有降胆固醇能力的乳酸菌p5经形态学、生理生化特征和16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum p5).在体外模拟胃肠环境中的抗性研究结果表明,p5具有较强耐酸能力,pH值为2.0时,2h活菌数保持在106cfu/mL;pH值为2.5时,4h内活菌数仍可保持在106cfu/mL,pH值为3.0～3.5时,p5 6h内活菌数可保持在106cfu/mL;p5具有耐高浓度胆汁盐的能力,在0.1%胆汁盐MPS中,p5表现出生长趋势,在0.2%～0.5%胆汁盐MRS中,p5活菌数下降急速,但6h后活菌数能保持在105cfu/mL;p5对肠炎沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等肠道致病菌有明显抑制作用.p5可望作为食品工业用菌种的资源.     

乳酸菌的分离筛选及其微生态制剂的制备

该研究用市售酸奶中分离纯化到的乳酸菌株和实验室保藏的多种乳酸菌株作为材料,研究不同乳酸菌对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌4种致病菌株的抑菌作用.采用双层平板法从出发菌株中选育到对致病菌株有明显抑制功能的乳酸菌,并将抗菌性能良好的乳酸菌株进行优化组合.组合菌剂转接到脱脂乳中,静置培养48h后,采用真空冷冻干燥技术制备乳酸菌微生态制剂.试验结果表明,从原始菌株中选育到11株对4种致病菌有较强抑制功能的乳酸菌株;优化组合乳酸菌在MRS培养液中,静置培养17h活菌数达到最大值;冷冻干燥过程采用2％麦芽糖作为保护剂,微生态制剂中乳酸菌活菌数为3.36× 105cfu/g,存活率达到68.6％.     

乳酸菌发酵对刺五加叶活性成分、体外抗氧化作用与降血糖相关酶的影响

为了对刺五加叶在益生菌发酵保健品领域的应用提供理论基础,以刺五加叶为原料,采用嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌3种乳酸菌进行发酵,对发酵前后刺五加叶中活性成分含量变化进行研究,并评价刺五加叶乳酸菌发酵物的体外抗氧化作用与对降血糖相关酶的影响.结果表明:不同菌种的发酵能力存在差异,植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌发酵显著增加了刺...     

一株乳酸乳球菌的降胆固醇特性及其作用机制

探讨了乳酸乳球菌乳亚种HUCM 201的降胆固醇特性及其体外去除胆固醇的机制。乳酸乳球菌乳亚种HUCM 201菌株可从培养基中去除33.1%的胆固醇,其中14.3%的胆固醇发生共沉淀并重新溶解在洗涤液中,18.1%的胆固醇被吸收到菌体细胞内。HUCM 201菌株对5种结合型胆酸盐分别表现出了不同的胆盐水解酶活性,其中对甘氨胆酸钠的水解能力最强,总酶活为0.279 U/mL,比酶活为0.076 U/mg。     

一株乳酸乳球菌产γ-氨基丁酸能力及其安全性评价

探讨了乳酸乳球菌乳亚种HUCM 201产γ-氨基丁酸的能力,并初步评价了其安全性。以γ-氨基丁酸含量为评价指标,通过正交试验优化了乳酸乳球菌乳亚种HUCM 201菌株产γ-氨基丁酸的发酵条件,即接种量为4%、初始pH值6.5,发酵温度31 ℃,发酵时间60 h,其发酵液中γ-氨基丁酸的质量浓度可达218.7 μg/mL。通过硝基还原酶活性检测、生物胺产生能力分析、吲哚试验和溶血性试验,初步评价了菌株HUCM 201的安全性,发现其硝基还原酶阴性,吲哚试验阴性,无溶血,不能产生酪胺、组胺、尸胺和腐胺生物胺类物质,可初步认为是一株安全的益生菌。     

降胆固醇和耐酸耐胆盐益生菌的筛选研究

本研究通过含有胆固醇胶束的MRS-胆固醇液体培养基从五株益生菌中筛选出降胆固醇能力较强的益生菌,接着对筛选出的益生菌进行耐酸、耐胆盐试验。结果表明,五株益生菌都有降胆固醇的功能,其中干酪乳杆菌LCA-1、鼠李糖乳杆菌LR-D和植物乳杆菌LP-C的胆固醇去除率较高,分别为25.26%、22.18%和20.03%;LR-D能够短时耐受低p H值环境,在p H 2.5的发酵液中培养2h的存活率能够达到14.39%,但是耐胆盐能力较差;LP-C能够长时间耐受低p H值的环境,具有较强的胆盐耐受能力,在高胆盐环境(0.5%)中培养2 h的存活率高达133.75%,培养24 h的活菌数仍保持在1.13×105 cfu/m L,此时其余两株菌的活菌未检出,说明LP-C能够耐受高胆盐环境。植物乳杆菌LP-C具有较高的胆固醇去除率,能够耐受低p H值和高胆盐环境。因此,可用于进一步研究与开发。     

产乳酸芽孢杆菌DU-106益生特性的研究

以产乳酸芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp.）DU-106为研究对象,对其益生特性进行研究。测定菌株DU-106发酵过程中的生长曲线、产酸曲线、高胆盐耐受性、模拟胃肠液耐受性、酸性pH耐受性和抗生素敏感性。结果表明,菌株DU-106在发酵36 h后达到稳定的生长期和较高的产酸量,产酸约1.7 g/L;经过0.3%和0.6%浓度的胆盐处理4 h后,存活率分别为91.8%和73.9%;经过4 h模拟胃液和24 h模拟肠液处理后存活率分别为66.5%和71.7%;在pH值为2的环境中经过1 h和3 h培养后存活率分别为58.8%和83.3%;对庆大霉素、四环素、红霉素、克林霉素、万古霉素、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、加替沙星、磷霉素、亚胺培南等11种常用的抗生素敏感。菌株DU-106具有良好的体外益生性能,可作为益生菌进一步开发。     

Assimilation of cholesterol by yeast strains isolated from infant feces and Feta cheese

Eight yeast strains isolated from infant feces and the traditional Greek Feta cheese, selected for their probiotic properties, were tested along with a commercially available strain of Saccharomyces boulardii for their ability to remove cholesterol from a growth medium (yeast extract glucose peptone broth) supplemented with 0.3% Oxgall. The amount of cholesterol removed during 72 h of growth at 37 degrees C revealed significant variations among the yeast strains examined. Two isolates from infant feces, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae KK1 and Isaatchenkia orientalis KK5.Y.1 and one isolate from Feta cheese, namely S. cerevisiae 832, along with the commercial strain S. boulardii, were able to remove cholesterol from the growth medium after 48 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. However, Saccharomyces strains proved to be able to remove cholesterol even after 24 h of growth at 37 degrees C. The cholesterol removed from the growth medium was not metabolically degraded but was rather assimilated into the yeast cells. The ability to assimilate cholesterol in vitro and to tolerate low pH levels, gastric juice, and bile indicate that S. cerevisiae 832, and especially S. cerevisiae KK1 and I. orientalis KK5.Y.1 (being more bile and gastric juice tolerant because of their human origin) may be promising candidate strains for use as probiotics.     

响应面法优化红枣益生菌发酵饮料工艺

为优化益生菌红枣饮料发酵工艺，在单因素试验的基础上，以感官评价及活菌数作为响应值，利用Box-Behnken试验设计确定最佳发酵工艺，并测定产品pH、总酸、总糖、可溶性固形物、活菌数等理化指标。结果表明，发酵工艺最优参数为大枣含量20%、菌种为丹尼斯克YO-MIX 863、菌种添加量0.09%、初始pH 6.0、发酵温度37 ℃、发酵时间42 h。在此优化条件下，产品呈透亮的褐黄色，且香气浓郁，酸甜可口，活菌数可达8.6 lg（CFU/mL），感官评分为95分。     

Application of in vitro methods for selection of Lactobacillus casei strains as potential probiotics

Probiotics have established their efficacy as dietary adjuncts providing benefits to consumers, but the selection of probiotics before incorporation in diet requires close scrutiny in the form of in vitro as well as in vivo tests. The present study was undertaken to check different in vitro characteristics of seven Lactobacillus casei strains. The characteristics studied include acid and bile tolerance, adhesion and cell surface hydrophobicity, antimicrobial effect on common pathogens and cholesterol reduction. All strains were able to resist pH 3 for 3 h, though resistance to pH 2 was exhibited by NCDC 17, C1 and Y strains only. NCDC 63 and VT strains were able to tolerate 1% and 2% bile concentrations for 12 h. There was wide variation in ability of strains to adhere to isolated rat epithelial cells. The index was highest for C1 at 66%. The electron microscopic adhesion studies on the stainless steel chips did not reveal any specific attachment to surfaces by any of strains. The hydrophobic character for octane was highest for strain C1 at 54.06% and lowest for strain C2 at 4.65%. The ability to antagonize common pathogens was observed in all strains but this activity was attributed to production of organic acids and no specific compound caused the inhibitory effect. The cholesterol reducing ability varied not only for strains but also for time of incubation. NCDC 17 showed maximum reduction in cholesterol level after 48 h of incubation with buffalo plasma as the source of cholesterol. Overall there existed variations in different strains with respect to different characters of significance to be a probiotic.     

Acid, bile, and heat tolerance of free and microencapsulated probiotic bacteria

ABSTRACT:  Eight strains of probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus , Bifidobacterium longum, L. salivarius, L. plantarum , L. acidophilus , L. paracasei , B. lactis type Bl-O4, and B. lactis type Bi-07, were studied for their acid, bile, and heat tolerance. Microencapsulation in alginate matrix was used to enhance survival of the bacteria in acid and bile as well as a brief exposure to heat. Free probiotic organisms were used as a control. The acid tolerance of probiotic organisms was tested using HCl in MRS broth over a 2-h incubation period. Bile tolerance was tested using 2 types of bile salts, oxgall and taurocholic acid, over an 8-h incubation period. Heat tolerance was tested by exposing the probiotic organisms to 65 °C for up to 1 h. Results indicated microencapsulated probiotic bacteria survived better ( P < 0.05) than free probiotic bacteria in MRS containing HCl. When free probiotic bacteria were exposed to oxgall, viability was reduced by 6.51-log CFU/mL, whereas only 3.36-log CFU/mL was lost in microencapsulated strains. At 30 min of heat treatment, microencapsulated probiotic bacteria survived with an average loss of only 4.17-log CFU/mL, compared to 6.74-log CFU/mL loss with free probiotic bacteria. However, after 1 h of heating both free and microencapsulated probiotic strains showed similar losses in viability. Overall microencapsulation improved the survival of probiotic bacteria when exposed to acidic conditions, bile salts, and mild heat treatment.