基于氧化石墨烯的荧光适配体传感器检测食品中真菌毒素

目的：利用核酸适配体（aptamer,APT）和氧化石墨烯（graphene oxide,GO）组装一种基于荧光共振能量转移原理的荧光适体传感器,用于两种真菌毒素的同时检测。方法：GO通过π-π堆积作用将荧光标记的黄曲霉毒素B1（aflatoxin B1,AFB1）APT1和伏马毒素B1（fumonisin B1,FB1）APT2吸附在其表面。由于荧光共振能量转移效应,APT上荧光基团的荧光被GO猝灭;当向溶液中加入靶标AFB1和FB1时,APT1和APT2分别与AFB1和FB1结合,从GO中游离出来,恢复荧光。结果：该传感器为AFB1和FB1的荧光检测提供快速、灵敏的方法,AFB1的检出限为0.15?ng/mL,FB1的检出限为0.12?ng/mL。同时对白酒样品进行加标回收实验,回收率分别为92.00%～100.81%（AFB1）和89.00%～99.50%（FB1）。结论：本研究构建的荧光APT传感器用于两种真菌毒素的同时检测具有高灵敏度和特异性,同时该APT传感器同样适用于其他真菌毒素的多重检测。     

构建下转换荧光-适配体的免疫层析试纸条用于快速检测黄曲霉毒素B1

构建下转换荧光-适配体免疫层析试纸条用于食品中黄曲霉毒素B1（aflatoxin B1,AFB1）的快速高效检测。体系中AFB1存在会减弱下转换荧光-适配体纳米颗粒层析至T线时与AFB1半抗原的结合能力,从而导致下转换荧光信号衰减,进而实现对AFB1的高效检测。该方法在AFB1质量浓度1～40 ng/mL范围内与荧光信号呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.994,检测限为0.287 ng/mL。该方法利用稀土掺杂荧光纳米颗粒的长寿命发光及近红外荧光特性,有效降低了生物背景荧光干扰并提高了检测体系的特异性。该方法在AFB1的快速高灵敏检测中具有良好的应用前景。     

基于无标记金纳米簇的新型荧光生物传感器在赭曲霉毒素A快速检测中的应用

基于快速合成无标记核酸适配体（aptamer,Apt）模板金纳米簇（gold nanocluster,AuNCs）,并以核酸Apt部分互补的单链DNA修饰的金纳米颗粒（gold nanoparticles,AuNPs）结合,构建新型荧光复合纳米生物传感器。利用检测靶标与核酸Apt之间更强结合力,使已荧光猝灭的Apt-AuNCs@cDNA-AuNPs复合纳米传感器发生荧光共振能量转移,最终体系荧光强度值恢复的特性,用于快速准确检测赭曲霉毒素A（ochratoxin A,OTA）。结果表明,OTA质量浓度在0.01～2.5 ng/mL之间,荧光强度对应峰值（FI）与OTA质量浓度（C）呈现良好的线性关系,回归方程分别为FI=689.84lgC（OTA）＋8 315.31;检出限为0.025 ng/mL（信噪比为3）。该荧光生物传感器具有合成及操作简单、灵敏度高、选择性强、稳定性好及检测下限低的特点,预期在食品中相关有害因子的安全检测等提供一种新的思路和平台。     

基于核酸适配体的侧流层析技术同步检测赭曲霉毒素A和黄曲霉毒素B1

由于简单、低成本和快速的特点,侧流层析分析技术被广泛应用于食品、饲料和农产品中真菌毒素的检测。本实验基于适配体与靶标物特异性结合的原理,建立了基于适配体互补链同时检测赭曲霉毒素A（Ochratoxin A, OTA）和黄曲霉毒素B1（Aflatoxin B1, AFB1）两种真菌毒素的荧光多残留试纸条,通过优化两种适配体的浓度以及缓冲体系的PH值,提高了共同检测OTA和AFB1的灵敏度和准确性。OTA和AFB1的T线（TO和TA）和C线荧光强度比值与对应真菌毒素的浓度对数具有良好的线性关系,线性范围为0.5~50 ng/mL,相关系数r2分别为0.9887和0.9910,检出限低至0.51和0.38 ng/mL。通过对花生和葡萄干进行加标回收和实际样品检测,使用多残留试纸条检测的OTA和AFB1的回收率分别为82.06%~109.69%和83.34%~110.06%,相对标准偏差（Relative Standard Deviation, RSD）为1.89%~8.17%,检测结果与高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）一致。该生物传感器可以在20 min内同时检测OTA和AFB1,并且具有成本低、检测速度快和易于操作等优点,可以满足花生和葡萄干等实际样品中OTA和AFB1残留量的现场快速检测的要求,为真菌毒素多残留检测提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

Fe3+掺杂聚多巴胺纳米球荧光适配体传感器对小麦中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的检测

目的：构建一种基于荧光共振能量转移(fluorescence resonance energy transfer,FRET)原理的荧光适配体传感器,用于检测小麦中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)。通过掺入Fe³⁺提高传感器中聚多巴胺纳米球(polydopamine nanospheres,PDANS)对6-羧基荧光素(6-carboxyuorescein,FAM)的猝灭能力。方法：标记有FAM的DON核酸适配体(P_DON)通过π-π堆积的非共价作用吸附到Fe³⁺掺杂聚多巴胺纳米球(Fe-PDANS)上,由于FRET,FAM的荧光被Fe-PDANS猝灭。在DON存在的情况下,P_DON可以和DON特异性结合,改变P_DON的构象,使其难以吸附到Fe-PDANS上,从而增强传感器的荧光信号,实现对DON的检测。结果：该传感器在DON质量浓度0.266 7～133.3 ng/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,其检出限为0.118 2 ng/mL;同时,对阳性小麦中...     

基于G-四链体/硫黄素T无标记荧光适配体传感器快速检测氟苯尼考

硫黄素T(ThT)通过非共价相互作用与G-四链体结合,形成G-四链体/ThT复合物,呈现出较强荧光强度,而游离ThT荧光十分微弱。当存在氟苯尼考(FF)时,具有G-四链体结构的适配体(Apt)对靶标的高亲和力,使得Apt/FF复合物形成并释放ThT,荧光强度降低。基于这一特点,本研究设计一种灵敏快速的现场检测体系,用于检测氟苯尼考,即基于G-四链体/硫黄素T的无标记荧光适配体传感器。该适配体传感器的检测范围为0.0128~200 ng/mL,实际检出限0.0128 ng/mL,检测总时长10 min。同时,对实际加标样品(牛奶和鸡蛋)进行回收率计算,加标回收率在91.2%~117.1%之间。所建立的无标记荧光适配体传感器具有高特异性、成本低、耗时短等优点,可用于实际样品的现场检测。     

氧化石墨烯紫外吸收适配体传感器对链霉素残留的高灵敏检测

目的：根据核酸适配体对氧化石墨烯（graphene oxide,GO）水溶液聚集的保护作用,建立高灵敏和特异性检测链霉素（streptomycin,STR）残留的适配体传感器。方法：在GO饱和水溶液中,STR核酸适配体可通过疏水键和π-π键作用在GO分子表面从而促进其分散,当STR进入体系后,适配体与STR结合并脱离GO,导致GO分散性降低而聚集,离心后在230?nm波长测定上清液吸光度,建立STR质量浓度的对数lgCSTR与GO吸光度之间的线性关系,进而实现对STR的定量检测。结果：在优化的实验条件下,GO吸光度随着STR质量浓度的增大而降低,且与STR质量浓度的对数在0.002?4～240?ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为A=－0.105?73lgCSTR＋0.471 5（R2=0.994）,检出限为0.001?3?ng/mL;同时,对不同来源的蜂蜜实际样品做加标回收率实验,回收率分别为89.3%～108.1%和94.7%～110%。结论：本研究建立的基于氧化石墨烯紫外吸收信号的适配体传感器用于STR残留检测,具有良好重复性和稳定性,可用于STR残留的快速、高灵敏检测。     

基于靶标诱导滚环扩增的无标记适配体生物传感器快速检测赭曲霉毒素A

该文构建一种基于靶标诱导滚环扩增（rolling circle amplification,RCA）的无标记适配体快速检测赭曲霉毒素A（ochratoxin A,OTA）生物传感器。该生物传感器探针由RCA 引物与OTA 适配体两部分组成,在OTA 存在的环境中,OTA 适配体特异性识别靶标,探针结构被打开,RCA 引物与环状DNA 模板（circular DNA template,CT）结合开启RCA 反应,加入核酸染料SYBR Gold 产生荧光信号。此生物传感器具有较高的特异性,检测限为6.6×10-2 nmol/L,线性检测范围为6.6×10-2～660 nmol/L,可用于具体的分析检测。此生物传感器无需复杂化学修饰且操作简单,在食品安全检测中具有良好的应用前景。     

基于金掺杂的锆基金属有机框架电化学适配体传感器检测玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1

目的 基于金掺杂的锆基金属有机框架(Gold-doped zirconium-based metal-organic framework, Au@Zr-MOF)的电化学适配体传感器建立检测玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1 (Aflatoxin B1,AFB1)的方法。方法 利用具有高比表面积、介孔结构的Zr-MOF作为骨架,通过原位还原生长的方法掺杂金纳米粒子(Au NPs),得到导电性良好、分散均匀的Au@Zr-MOF。并基于Au-S键共价结合黄曲霉毒素B1 适配体,构建电化学阻抗型适配体传感器,当AFB1存在时,适配体对其进行识别结合,引起电极表面电化学传质电阻增加,随着AFB1浓度的增大,阻抗值也随之增加,并根据阻抗值的变化实现对AFB1的定量检测。结果 在最佳的实验条件下,该传感器对AFB1检测的线性范围为10-4-10 ng/mL,检出限为0.19 pg/mL,对玉米样品的回收率为96-112%。结论 本研究建立的电化学适配体传感器可以实现对AFB1的定量检测,且具有良好的特异性和重现性,为准确、快速检测食品中的AFB1提供思路。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱适配体传感器检测植物蛋白肉中的黄曲霉毒素B1

目的 随着生活水平的提高,经济社会的发展,面对丰富多样的食品种类,保证饮食安全已成为民众关注的重点。然而,食品中的黄曲霉毒素B1（Aflatoxin B1,AFB1）的存在对人类健康构成了极大的威胁。因此,开发一种快速、简单、灵敏的AFB1检测方法,对食品安全十分必要和迫切。方法 研发了一种检测AFB1的表面增强拉曼散射(surface enhancement of Raman scattering, SERS)适配体传感器,传感器由巯基适配体（SH-DNA）修饰的金包四氧化三铁磁性纳米粒子（Fe3O4@AuMNPs）作为捕获底物与巯基适配体互补链（SH-cDNA）修饰的金包二氧化硅纳米粒子（SiO2@Au-MBANPS）作为信号探针所组成。通过适配体与AFB1的特异性结合可以导致捕获底物释放信号探针,SERS信号强度随着AFB1的浓度的变化而发生变化,从而实现对AFB1的检测。结果 通过实验条件的优化,得到线性回归方程为Y= -222.07lgX+ 5723.12,r2= 0.9986的标准曲线,检出限为0.37 pg/mL。该SERS传感器成功应用于实际样品中AFB1的分析,得到回收率为98% ~ 110%,相对标准偏差值为3.9% ~ 5.7%。结论 本研究建立的SERS适配体传感系统可以实现对AFB1的定量检测,可以清楚识别AFB1与其他毒素的SERS信号强度差别,为AFB1的快速检测提供了新的检测方法,在实际样品植物蛋白肉中表现出优异的检测性能。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press