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1.
针对燃煤电站CO2捕集能耗较高的问题,在统筹考虑大规模碳捕集燃煤电站汽水系统、脱碳单元和CO2多级压缩单元的相互影响下,对脱碳单元贫液CO2负载率进行了优化.结果表明:脱碳单元再生能耗随贫液CO2负载率的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势,且在贫液CO2负载率为0.26mol/mol时取得最小值;不同再生压力下,随着贫液CO2负载率的增大,脱碳单元的辅机泵功随之增大;在CO2捕集率保持不变的情况下,CO2压缩功几乎不随贫液CO2负载率的增大而发生变化;大规模碳捕集燃煤电站的供电效率随贫液CO2负载率的增大呈先提高后降低的趋势,在贫液CO2负载率为0.26mol/mol、再生压力为250Pa时取得最优值.  相似文献   

2.
燃煤电厂CO2捕集系统的技术与经济分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
介绍了我国第一套燃煤电厂烟气CO2捕集系统的运行概况.对项目设备投资以及运行过程中蒸汽、电力、溶液和其他消耗性物品的成本进行了分析.结果表明:吸收塔和再生塔的成本约占50%设备投资;在该项目运行条件下,捕集的运行消耗成本为170元/(t CO2),其中蒸汽消耗成本占55%;减排运行消耗部分使电价成本增加了0.139元/(kW·h),从而使电厂的上网电价提高了29%.  相似文献   

3.
以散堆填料吸收塔作为反应器,采用单因素分析方法研究了吸收液进口温度、吸收当量比、停留时间和吸收液浓度等因素对CO2捕集的影响,并采用正交试验对这些参数进行优化。结果表明:在实验条件下,各因素对CO2捕集影响由大到小依次为吸收液进口温度、停留时间、吸收当量比和吸收液浓度;吸收液进口温度与停留时间对CO2捕集有显著影响,吸收当量比和吸收液浓度对CO2捕集影响较小;最佳工况组合为吸收液进口温度为40℃,停留时间为5 s,吸收当量比为100%,吸收液浓度为2.0 mol/L。  相似文献   

4.
火电厂CO2的排放控制和分离回收技术研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
温室气体CO2 主要产生于化石燃料的燃烧过程。火电厂是CO2 的一个集中排放源 ,控制火电厂CO2的排放对于应对全球变暖、温室效应问题具有重要的意义。分析了世界CO2 排放状况和适应我国火电厂CO2排放控制的措施 ,比较了几种CO2 分离回收技术在火电厂应用的可行性 ,对于我国火电厂的CO2 排放控制和分离回收有一定的指导作用  相似文献   

5.
在我国能源转型、应对气候变化和控制碳排放,而煤炭现在仍然是我国的主体能源的大形势下,煤电面临的巨大挑战之一,是如何较大幅度地降低CO2排放。在提高煤电效率的基础上,大型燃煤电厂采用煤电+生物质耦合发电技术,是当前最可行的降低碳排放的措施。介绍了我国生物质资源、生物质发电和燃煤耦合生物质发电技术现状及前景、技术特点和经验、在大容量燃煤火电厂实现混烧生物质的技术途径、以及燃煤耦合生物质发电的国际经验,在此基础上,提出对我国如何发展燃煤耦合生物质发电的建议。  相似文献   

6.
为了准确掌握生物质耦合发电机组能耗及碳排放水平,在某660 MW燃煤机组上开展了生物质炉内掺烧性能试验研究。提出了生物质耦合发电机组燃料耗率和燃煤耗率的计算方法,以表征其能耗特征。试验期间,生物质掺烧量设定为5、8、10 t/h,机组负荷设定为350、600 MW。机组掺烧生物质时,由于锅炉效率下降和厂用电率上升,机组燃料耗率有一定程度的恶化趋势,而机组燃煤耗率却有一定程度的改善趋势。其中,排烟热损失和机械未完全燃烧热损失的增加导致锅炉效率下降,生物质粉碎机及输送风机电耗的增加造成厂用电率上升。生物质掺烧比例越大,锅炉效率下降量越大,机组厂用电率上升量越大,机组燃料耗率上升量越大,机组燃煤耗率下降量越大。在机组负荷350 MW、生物质掺烧量10 t/h时,机组供电燃料耗率上升1.966 g/kWh,机组供电燃煤耗率下降11.858 g/kWh,机组碳减排量12.40 t/h。本研究对于生物质耦合发电机组的节能减排具有一定的参考作用。  相似文献   

7.
《巴黎协定》提出的全球CO2减排目标,对燃煤电站控制碳排放量具有巨大的挑战。我国要求电力企业减少碳排放量,满足排放标准。为了推进能源节约,降低燃煤发电的碳排放量,文章探讨了燃煤发电企业降低CO2排放的途径,主要方法包括:提高发电效率,降低燃煤消耗,发展煤与生物质混烧发电方式,推广碳捕集和埋存(CO2-capture and storage,CCS)技术。通过分析得出,当前燃煤电站实现CO2减排的主要途径是最大限度地提高发电效率,降低煤耗。  相似文献   

8.
为减少燃煤电厂烟气中CO2的排放量,2008年我国首个电厂CO2捕集工业级示范系统在华能北京热电厂建成,该装置采用化学吸收法进行CO2的捕集.简单介绍了该CO2捕集示范系统的工艺流程,着重阐述了系统的控制策略.实际运行结果表明:在自动投入率基本达到100%的情况下,系统能够长时间平稳运行,具有良好的CO2捕集能力.  相似文献   

9.
For Finland, carbon dioxide mineralisation was identified as the only option for CCS (carbon capture and storage) application. Unfortunately it has not been embraced by the power sector. One interesting source-sink combination, however, is formed by magnesium silicate resources at Vammala, located -85 km east of the 565 MWe coal-fired Meri-Pori Power Plant on the country's southwest coast. This paper assesses mineral sequestration of Meri-Pori power plant CO2, using Vammala mineral resources and the mineralisation process under development at Abo Akademi University. That process implies Mg(OH)E production from magnesium silicate-based rock, followed by gas/solid carbonation of the Mg(OH)2 in a pressurised fluidised bed. Reported are results on experimental work, i.e., Mg(OH)2 production, with rock from locations close to Meri-Pori. Results suggest a total CO2 fixation capacity -50 Mt CO2 for the Vammala site, although production of Mg(OH)2 from rock from the site is challenging. Finally, as mineralisation could be directly applied to flue gases without CO2 pre-capture, we report from experimental work on carbonation of Mg(OH)2 with CO2 and CO2-SO2-O2 gas mixtures. Results show that SO2 readily reacts with Mg(OH)2, providing an opportunity to simultaneously capture SO2 and CO2, which could make separate flue gas desulphurisation redundant.  相似文献   

10.
提出一种基于分布式模型预测控制的燃煤电站-碳捕集系统优化控制方法。基于动态矩阵控制原理为燃煤电站和碳捕集系统分别设计了局部预测控制器。最后,在660 MW超临界燃煤机组耦合单乙醇胺化学吸收碳捕集系统模型上,对所提控制方法进行仿真。结果表明:分布式预测控制方法在较高的计算效率下实现了电碳两侧控制效果的全局优化,控制效果明显优于常规分散式预测控制。  相似文献   

11.
    
Among various developed methods for CO2 capturing from industrial flue gases, chemical absorption system is still considered as the most efficient technique, because of its lower energy requirement and also its applicability for low concentration of CO2 in the inlet gas stream. Also, it can be used to retrofit the existed power plants, which are the major industrial CO2 emission sources, without changing their design condition. Selection of a suitable solvent is the first parameter that should be considered in the design of capture plants that use absorption technology. The most important challenge for using chemical solvents is finding the optimum operating conditions to minimize the energy requirement. Study of technical parameters can be helpful to improve the overall capture plant efficiency. In this paper, CO2 capture plant has been simulated for different solvents to compare their performance and energy requirement. To improve the plant overall efficiency, effect of the main operating factors such as amine flow rate, temperature, inlet gas temperature, and pressure has been studied in this paper. This analysis indicates the best chemical solvent for various cases of inlet flue gas. This parametric study reduces the overall energy requirement and helps design a cost‐effective plant. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

12.
生物质气化对减少CO_2排放的作用   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
分析了生物质利用过程中几种能量利用系统的特点及整体效率 ,论述了生物质和矿物燃料在 CO2 排放方面的不同特点 ,分别得出产生单位有效能源时 CO2 的排放值。通过比较发现 ,高效的生物质利用技术相对于矿物燃料 ,可以减少 CO2 排放 90 %左右。这充分证明利用生物质替代矿物燃料是减少 CO2 排放的有效措施之一 ,而气化技术是高效利用生物质的重要途径。  相似文献   

13.
    
Because of biomass's limited supply (as well as other issues involving its feeding and transportation), pure biomass plants tend to be small, which results in high production and capital costs (per unit power output) compared with much larger coal plants. Thus, it is more economically attractive to co‐gasify biomass with coal. Biomass can also make an existing plant carbon‐neutral or even carbon‐negative if enough carbon dioxide is captured and sequestered (CCS). As a part of a series of studies examining the thermal and economic impact of different design implementations for an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant fed with blended coal and biomass, this paper focuses on investigating various parameters, including radiant cooling versus syngas quenching, dry‐fed versus slurry‐fed gasification (particularly in relation to sour‐shift and sweet‐shift carbon capture systems), oxygen‐blown versus air‐blown gasifiers, low‐rank coals versus high‐rank coals, and options for using syngas or alternative fuels in the duct burner for the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) to achieve the desired steam turbine inlet temperature. Using the commercial software, Thermoflow®, the case studies were performed on a simulated 250‐MW coal IGCC plant located near New Orleans, Louisiana, and the coal was co‐fed with biomass using ratios ranging from 10% to 30% by weight. Using 2011 dollars as a basis for economic analysis, the results show that syngas coolers are more efficient than quench systems (by 5.5 percentage points), but are also more expensive (by $500/kW and 0.6 cents/kW h). For the feeding system, dry‐fed is more efficient than slurry‐fed (by 2.2–2.5 points) and less expensive (by $200/kW and 0.5 cents/kW h). Sour‐shift CCS is both more efficient (by 3 percentage points) and cheaper (by $600/kW or 1.5 cents/kW h) than sweet‐shift CCS. Higher‐ranked coals are more efficient than lower‐ranked coals (2.8 points without biomass, or 1.5 points with biomass) and have lower capital cost (by $600/kW without using biomass, or $400/kW with biomass). Finally, plants with biomass and low‐rank coal feedstock are both more efficient and have lower costs than those with pure coal: just 10% biomass seems to increase the efficiency by 0.7 points and reduce costs by $400/kW and 0.3 cents/kW h. However, for high‐rank coals, this trend is different: the efficiency decreases by 0.7 points, and the cost of electricity increases by 0.1 cents/kW h, but capital costs still decrease by about $160/kW. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
对烟气脱硝系统进行性能评价,有助于脱硝系统寿命管理和安全运行。以某火电厂600 MW机组选择性催化还原(SCR)烟气脱硝系统为例,介绍了烟气脱硝系统的评价过程与评价方法。通过测试一系列基础参数,包括脱硝效率、反应温度、SO2/SO3转化率、氨逃逸率、催化剂压降、催化剂内烟气流速及飞灰浓度等,掌握了此台机组脱硝系统的主要性能。试验结果表明,该SCR脱硝系统性能良好。为防止高温下SO2/SO3转化率升高及高负荷下催化剂内烟气流速过高,对该脱硝系统的运行调整提出了建议。  相似文献   

15.
    
In order to further reduce the energy consumption of CO2 capture from the traditional SOFC hybrid power system, based on the principle of energy cascade utilization and system integration, a zero CO2 emission atmospheric pressure solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybrid power system integrated with oxygen ion transport membrane (OTM) is proposed. The oxygen is produced by the OTM for the oxy‐fuel combustion afterburner of SOFC. With the Aspen‐plus software, the models of the overall SOFC hybrid power systems with or without CO2 capture are developed. The thermal performance of new system is investigated and compared with other systems. The effects of the fuel utilization factor of SOFC and the pressure ratio between two sides of OTM membrane on the overall system performance are analyzed and optimized. The research results show that the efficiency of the zero CO2 emission atmospheric pressure SOFC hybrid power system integrated with OTM is around 58.36%, only 2.48% lower than that of the system without CO2 capture (60.84%) but 0.96% higher than that of the zero CO2 emission atmospheric pressure SOFC hybrid system integrated with the cryogenic air separation unit. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
碳捕集与封存技术(CCS)成本及政策分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张建府 《中外能源》2011,16(3):21-25
当前,减排CO2的呼声日益高涨。在未来相当长的时间内,我国一次能源仍将以煤为主,而用于发电的煤炭量占到煤炭消费总量的一半以上,已成为国内CO2排放的重要来源。整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电技术不仅具有燃料来源广、发电效率提升空间大等优点,而且能以较低的成本实现CO2减排。以IGCC碳捕集结合强化采油为例,分析碳捕集与封存(CCS)全过程CO2减排成本。结果表明,在IGCC电站进行碳捕集结合强化采油的情景下,捕集CO2的IGCC系统的发电成本低于不捕集CO2的IGCC电站的发电成本。CO2减排成本主要受井口油价及CO2利用率影响,当井口油价超过14.642美元/bbl时,CO2减排成本为负值。CCS的发展将经历示范、扩大规模和商业化三个阶段,针对不同的发展阶段,政府应分别采取相应的政策措施。在示范阶段,应加强对相关技术研究的支持,提供财政补贴;在扩大规模阶段,应重点采取财政补贴措施,并配以CCS发电配额标准和CCS电力贸易体系;在商业化阶段,政府已无需继续提供财政补贴,而CCS发电配额标准和认证贸易体系仍将是一个有效的方法。  相似文献   

17.
燃煤电站全流程CO2捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)装置各个环节选用合适的技术决定其经济性,采用逐项比较的方法,确定出在不同条件下CO2捕集、压缩、输送及驱油各个不同工段应采用的工艺技术,然后分别从建设投资与运行成本角度分析了各个工段的影响因素并有针对性地提出优化措施,并对3个100万t/a相同规模的不同地址燃煤电厂与不同位置油田驱块的组合方案进行了经济性评价。结果表明,CO2输送距离是建设总成本的主要影响因素,而中长期CO2公用输送管网的规划完善将弥补CO2平均输送距离带来的成本增加。  相似文献   

18.
    
A new zero CO2 emission solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybrid power system integrated with the oxygen ion transport membrane using CO2 as sweep gas is proposed in this paper. The pure oxygen is picked up from the cathode outlet gas by the oxygen ion transport membrane with CO2 as sweep gas; the oxy‐fuel combustion mode in the afterburner of SOFC is employed. Because the combustion product gas only consists of CO2 and steam, CO2 is easily captured with lower energy consumption by the condensation of steam. With the aspen plus soft, this paper builds the simulation model of the overall SOFC hybrids system with CO2 capture. The exergy loss distributions of the overall system are analyzed, and the effects of the key operation parameters on the overall system performance are also investigated. The research results show that the new system still has a high efficiency after CO2 recovery. The efficiency of the new system is around 65.03%, only 1.25 percentage points lower than that of the traditional SOFC hybrid power system(66.28%)without CO2 capture. The research achievements from this paper will provide the valuable reference for further study on zero CO2 emission SOFC hybrid power system with higher efficiency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

19.
    
Activated carbon is a promising material that has a broad application prospect. In this work, biomass (tea seed shell) was used to prepare activated carbon with KOH activation (referred to as AC), and nitrogen was doped in activated carbon using melamine as the nitrogen source (referred to as NAC-x, where x is the mass ratio of melamine and activated carbon). The obtained activated biomass carbon (activated bio-carbon) samples were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)-specific surface area analysis, ultimate analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, Raman spectrum analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The specific surface areas of activated bio-carbons were 1503.20 m2/g (AC), 1064.54 m2/g (NAC-1), 1187.93 m2/g (NAC-2), 1055.32 m2/g (NAC-3), and 706.22 m2/g (NAC-4), revealing that nitrogen-doping process leads to decrease in specific surface area. XPS analysis revealed that the main nitrogen-containing functional groups were pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N. The capacity of CO2 capture and electrochemical performance of activated bio-carbon samples were investigated. The CO2 capturing capacity followed this order: AC (3.15 mmol/g) > NAC-2 (2.75 mmol/g) > NAC-1 (2.69 mmol/g) > NAC-3 (2.44 mmol/g) > NAC-4 (1.95 mmol/g) at 298 K at 1 bar, which is consistent with the order of specific surface area. The specific surface area played a dominant role in CO2 capturing capacity. As for supercapacitor, AC-4 showed the highest specific capacitance (168 F/g) at the current density of 0.5 A/g, but NAC-2 showed the best electrochemical performance (89 F/g) at 2 A/g. Nitrogen-containing functional groups and specific surface area both had an important impact on electrochemical performance. In general, NAC-3 and NAC-2 produced excellent electrochemical performance. Compared with NAC-3, less melamine was used to prepare NAC-2; therefore, NAC-2 was considered as the best activated bio-carbon for supercapacitor for 141 F/g (at 0.5 A/g), 108 F/g (at 1 A/g), and 89 F/g (at 2 A/g) in this work.  相似文献   

20.
为研究碳捕集对燃煤机组出力的影响,建立了仿真模型,分析了燃煤机组加装碳捕集装置后的系统性能变化。系统分为常规方案和太阳能辅助方案,常规方案抽取机组中压缸排汽为碳捕集装置供能,太阳能辅助方案采用太阳能完全替代抽汽,以提升燃煤电站性能。以660 MW燃煤机组为研究对象,分析了碳捕集改造对燃煤电站性能的影响,并将太阳能辅助对机组性能的提升作用与常规方案进行了对比。结果表明:与原燃煤机组相比,常规方案下机组最大出力由666.70 MW下降到466.31 MW,供电效率由42.79%下降到30.69%;太阳能辅助方案下,机组出力可以达到604.30~608.06 MW,说明碳捕集会对燃煤电站的最大出力造成较大影响,而利用太阳能辅助碳捕集基本能完全恢复机组的做功能力。  相似文献   

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