芦丁、槲皮素对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制研究

为了研究苦荞黄酮降血糖作用的机理,以及苦荞黄酮中产生降血糖作用的主要成分,故分别研究芦丁和槲皮素的降血糖功能。结果表明芦丁和槲皮素对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制成阳性,表明芦丁溶液和槲皮素溶液都具有辅助降血糖的功能。芦丁和槲皮素对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用与阳性对照物阿卡波糖相比,均优于阿卡波糖。芦丁溶液和槲皮素溶液、阿卡波糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶的半抑制浓度分别为0.061mg/mL、0.055mg/mL、0.52mg/mL。     

银耳多糖对淀粉消化酶的抑制作用及其机理研究

目的:研究银耳多糖对胰α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用及机制。方法:以干银耳为原料,分别采用碱法提取、酶法脱蛋白和柱层析分离,得到总糖含量为92.45%的银耳多糖（Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide,TP）,采用可见光分光光度法分析了TP对胰α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,采用荧光光谱法和圆二色谱法表征了TP对该两种酶结构的影响。结果:TP能抑制该两种酶的活性,其对胰α-淀粉酶的抑制作用明显高于α-葡萄糖苷酶,对该两种酶的半抑制浓度（IC₅₀）分别为7.6835和16.9306 mg/mL。TP通过与该两种淀粉消化酶发生相互作用抑制其活性。TP与胰α-淀粉酶相互作用明显,可静态猝灭此酶,改变其二级结构;TP与α-葡萄糖苷酶相互作用微弱,不能改变其二级结构。结论:TP通过与淀粉消化酶发生相互作用抑制其活性。     

芦丁、槲皮素对α-淀粉酶抑制活性研究

以α-淀粉酶为评价指标,探讨了芦丁和槲皮素的辅助降血糖功能。研究结果芦丁和槲皮素对α-淀粉酶抑制均呈阳性,表明芦丁和槲皮素都具有辅助降血糖的功能。芦丁溶液、槲皮素溶液和阿卡波糖对α-淀粉酶的半抑制浓度分别为0.258mg/mL、0.233mg/mL、0.095mg/mL。芦丁、槲皮素、阿卡波糖对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用大小顺序为:阿卡波糖>槲皮素>芦丁。     

苦荞黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用研究

为了比较研究各种提取方法下的3种苦荞黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,分别对苦荞总黄酮溶液、苦荞水溶性黄酮溶液、苦荞醇溶性黄酮溶液用α-葡萄糖苷酶进行体外活性抑制作用实验,并绘制抑制曲线,所得的结果与阿卡波糖进行比较。结果表明:阿卡波糖、苦荞总黄酮溶液、苦荞水溶性黄酮溶液、苦荞醇溶性黄酮溶液对α-葡萄糖苷酶均有抑制作用,且抑制作用均优于阿卡波糖,其半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.85、0.026、0.037、0.057 mg/mL。为3种提取产物在防治糖尿病及其并发症等方面的应用提供参考,具有较大的理论意义和应用价值。     

栀子黄对淀粉消化酶的抑制动力学及相互作用研究

淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶是淀粉消化关键酶,也是治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的关键酶。利用酶抑制动力学和荧光光谱技术研究栀子黄对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性及其互作机制。结果表明,栀子黄以竞争性方式抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶,其缔合常数Kic分别为1.47 mg/mL和0.58 mg/mL。荧光光谱表明:栀子黄对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的内源荧光有较强的猝灭能力,通过Stern-Volmer方程得到栀子黄对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的猝灭是以静态猝灭为主的混合型猝灭。焓和熵的变化表明:栀子黄与葡萄糖苷酶的结合主要由范德华力和疏水相互作用驱动,结合距离分别为4.77nm和5.19 nm。同步荧光表明,栀子黄与α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的结合引起酶的重排和构象变化,从而引起酪氨酸残基或/和色氨酸残基的变化。     

芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷对淀粉消化酶抑制作用机制

采用酶活动力学、荧光光谱、圆二色谱和分子对接等技术系统探究芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性调控效果及机制。结果显示,芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷对α-葡萄糖苷酶有良好的抑制效果,IC50值为293.5 mg/L,抑制类型为非竞争性抑制。但对α-淀粉酶无显著抑制效果。荧光光谱结果表明芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷可作为猝灭剂分子与α-葡萄糖苷酶结合,发生静态猝灭,改变酶蛋白氨基酸疏水环境。圆二色谱则显示芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷和α-葡萄糖苷酶之间的相互作用使酶分子的二级结构变得松散,α-螺旋和β-转角下降。分子对接结果进一步证实芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷和α-葡萄糖苷酶之间作用力主要为氢键,最低结合能为-7.2 kcal/mol。本研究揭示了芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷对淀粉消化酶尤其是α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用机制,为未来将芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷作为健康食品辅料或药物开发提供一定理论基础。     

苦荞黄酮对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用研究

为了比较研究各种不同提取方法下的苦荞黄酮对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用,分别对苦荞总黄酮溶液、苦荞水溶性黄酮溶液、苦荞醇溶性黄酮溶液用α-淀粉酶进行体外活性抑制作用试验,并绘制抑制曲线,所得的结果与阿卡波糖进行比较。结果表明:阿卡波糖、苦荞总黄酮、苦荞水溶性黄酮、苦荞醇溶性黄酮对α-淀粉酶均有抑制作用,其半抑制浓度(IC50)值分别为0.095、0.086、0.10、0.202 mg/mL。本研究为三种提取产物在防治糖尿病及其并发症等方面的应用提供参考,具有较大的理论意义和应用价值。     

几种原花青素的降血糖作用及与常见食品原料的结合研究

以4种不同来源的原花青素为研究对象,利用高通量淀粉浊度法测定其对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活力的抑制效果,研究其与常见食物原料之间的相互作用,为进一步开发降血糖主食提供理论依据。结果表明:葡萄籽与高粱麸皮原花青素对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活力抑制效果相对较好,蔓越莓与苹果原花青素对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活力抑制效果相对较差;食物中的主要成分与原花青素结合后会影响其对酶活力的抑制效果,常见食物中糯米、散装大米、高粱米等与葡萄籽原花青素结合明显,降低其对碳水化合物消化酶活力抑制效果,但玉米淀粉、木薯粉、马铃薯粉、生粉、米粉、小西米、小黄米、玉米片、红薯粉、黑米及黑豆与葡萄籽原花青素之间几乎不结合,是适宜发挥原花青素对碳水化合物消化酶活力抑制作用的食品原料。     

槲皮素和芦丁对小麦淀粉的消化特性及其之间相互作用的研究

本文通过模拟小麦淀粉的体外消化实验研究了槲皮素和芦丁与小麦淀粉复合后的消化特性差异,并通过淀粉与碘的显色反应、红外光谱和X-射线衍射等试验研究槲皮素和芦丁与小麦淀粉的相互作用。结果表明:在槲皮素和芦丁与小麦淀粉的混合体系中,随着老化时间的延长,快消化淀粉显著减少（P<0.05）,慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉显著增加（P<0.05）。槲皮素和芦丁的添加,对淀粉葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的活性均有抑制作用。槲皮素或芦丁与小麦淀粉之间存在相互作用,并通过氢键或疏水键相互结合。槲皮素和芦丁对酶的抑制和与小麦淀粉之间的相互作用,降低了小麦淀粉的消化性,增加淀粉的抗消化性,为开发降血糖等相关功能食品的开发奠定了理论基础。     

红松松球鳞片多酚对α淀粉酶和α葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

本文研究了红松松球鳞片多酚对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,并采用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数法分析了其动力学性质。结果表明,红松松球鳞片多酚对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用略弱于阳性对照阿卡波糖,二者的半数抑制浓度分别为713.94μg/m L和623.73μg/m L;对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用明显不及阳性对照阿卡波糖,二者的半数抑制浓度分别为1902.91μg/m L和865.96μg/m L。动力学分析结果显示红松松球鳞片多酚对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用均为非竞争性抑制类型。     

玉蜀黍不同部位提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制作用

目的:探究玉蜀黍不同部位(须、秸秆皮、秸秆芯)提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性抑制作用.方法:采用常规理化方法测定玉蜀黍不同部位中总黄酮、总皂苷、总多糖、总蛋白质提取物的含量,酶底物反应法和3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性,考察不同pH、温度、时间对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性影...     

桑叶黄酮类和多糖类化合物的提取及其降血糖作用研究

从桑叶中提取总黄酮和多糖,并测定其对α-葡萄糖苷酶和猪胰液α-淀粉酶的抑制作用以评估其降血糖功能。结果表明,桑叶中提取的黄酮类和多糖类化合物对这两种酶都有较好的抑制作用,并且总黄酮和多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶及猪胰液α-淀粉酶的抑制存在协同作用,两者混合对两种酶的抑制作用更强。     

In vitro potential of flavonoids from tartary buckwheat on antioxidants activity and starch digestibility

The effects of various flavonoids of Tartary buckwheat (rutin-enhanced flavonoid extract [REFE and quercetin-enhanced flavonoid extract [QEFE]) and individual flavonoids (rutin, quercetin and kaempferol) on the antioxidant activity, inhibition of α-glucosidases and α-amylase and starch digestibility were evaluated. Quercetin possessed the highest antioxidant activity and inhibition of α-glucosidases and α-amylase activity followed by kaempferol and rutin. REFE and QEFE have similar antioxidant and inhibition of α-amylase activities, but QEFE has much higher α-glucosidases inhibition than REFE. Tartary buckwheat flour has the lowest content of rapidly digestible starch and predicted glycaemic index (pGI) compared to maize flour, wheat flour and rice flour. Addition of rutin and quercetin to wheat flour showed a weak or no effect on digestion inhibition, but they inhibited starch digestion under solid complex conditions. Our results may help explain the benefits of supplementing the diet with food rich in flavonoids.     

Biological activity of rice extract and the inhibition potential of rice extract,rice volatile compounds and their combination against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and tyrosinase

Rice is produced for consumption and traditional medicine. Rice is also used as an ingredient in cosmetic products. In this study, the author investigated the biological activity and inhibition potential against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and tyrosinase activity of rice extract (black rice [BR], red rice [RR] and white rice [WR]), rice volatile compounds, rice extract combined with volatile compounds, rice extract combined with standard inhibitors and volatile compounds combined with standard inhibitors. The results revealed that the free-radical scavenging capacity of rice extract is related to the phenolic content and flavonoids. BR showed the highest potential to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity, whereas WR showed the highest potential to inhibit tyrosinase activity. Among rice volatile compounds, vanillin and vanillyl alcohol had the highest inhibition potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively, whereas guaiacol had the highest inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. Molecular docking supported by the high binding efficiency was also obtained from vanillin and guaiacol when located at the active site of these enzymes. The combination of RR with acarbose (AB) had the highest inhibition potential and showed a synergic effect on both α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Interestingly, the combination of rice extract (BR, RR and WR) and vanillin and vanillyl alcohol had a synergic effect on α-amylase. Moreover, the combination of WR and vanillyl alcohol had the highest inhibition potential and showed a synergic effect on tyrosinase, whereas rice volatile compounds had a synergic effect on tyrosinase obtained from 2-pentylfuran/kojic acid (KA), vanillin/KA and vanillyl alcohol/KA.     

Inhibitory potential of trilobatin from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd against α-glucosidase and α-amylase linked to type 2 diabetes

The chemical structure of the sweet compound from Lithocarpuspolystachyus Rehd was identified as trilobatin on the basis of HPLC, EIS-MS and NMR analyses. The inhibitory activities of trilobatin against α-glucosidase and α-amylase were evaluated, and the inhibition mechanism was analysed with Lineweaver–Burk plots. Also the antioxidant activity evaluation of trilobatin was conducted by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Comparing with acarbose, trilobatin showed a strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and a moderate inhibitory activity against α-amylase. The Lineweaver–Burk plots analysis elucidated that trilobatin inhibited the enzyme non-competitively. DPPH scavenging activity of trilobatin (IC₅₀ = 0.57 mg/ml) was higher than rutin (IC₅₀ = 0.72 mg/ml), which indicated that trilobatin had a moderate antioxidant potential. These results suggest that trilobatin is a potential effective α-glucosidase inhibitor for management of postprandial hyperglycemia with less side effect, and provide strong rationale for further animal and clinical studies.