玻璃纤维增强生物基PA10T复合材料的制备及性能研究

由癸二胺和对苯二甲酸缩聚而成的新型生物基半芳香族聚酰胺材料——聚对苯二甲酰癸二胺(PA10T),其生物基质量分数为40%～60%,碳排放优势明显，可以满足可持续发展需要。以PA10T作为基体树脂，玻璃纤维(GF)作为增强材料，通过熔融挤出法制备了一系列GF增强PA10T复合材料，并对材料的力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：随着GF增强体含量的逐渐增加，所制备的GF增强PA10T复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度均逐渐增加。当GF增强体的添加质量分数为35%时，所制备的PA10T复合材料(PA10T-GF35)的拉伸强度为194.8 MPa,弯曲模量为10 246.8 MPa,缺口冲击强度为8.8 kJ/m²。此外，对PA10T-GF35复合材料的非等温结晶性能、耐冷冻液性能和加工性能进行了相关研究，结果表明：相较于聚酰胺66(PA66)和聚对苯二甲酰己二胺/聚酰胺66共聚物(PA6T/66),PA10T作为基体树脂所制备的PA10T-GF35复合材料展现出更好的耐冷冻液性能；同时，添加CYD-819可以明显改善PA10T复合材料的加工流动性能。     

成核母粒及螺杆组合对玻纤增强PET复合材料性能的影响

采用熔融插层法制备了一种高效成核母粒,研究了该成核母粒对玻璃纤维（GF）增强聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,加入6 %(质量分数,下同)的成核母粒时,GF增强PET复合材料的起始结晶温度比纯PET高24.8 ℃,结晶温度范围比纯PET扩大了66.3 ℃,冷结晶峰基本消失,可在70 ℃的模温下进行注塑;同时探讨了螺杆组合对GF增强PET复合材料性能的影响,结果表明,螺杆前段的剪切太强会降低复合材料的冲击强度,通过优化螺杆组合,制备出综合性能优异的GF增强PET复合材料,其热变形温度为228 ℃,拉伸强度159 MPa,弯曲强度235 MPa,冲击强度101 J/m。     

碳纤维增强聚苯硫醚复合材料结晶结构与性能调控

使用碳纤维斜纹布与聚苯硫醚(PPS)薄膜通过热压成型制备了碳纤维增强PPS (PPS/CF)复合材料层压板,通过在保温保压过程中设置不同的等温结晶温度,对复合材料中PPS结晶结构进行调控,系统讨论了不同等温结晶温度下,PPS结晶度及晶粒尺寸对PPS/CF复合材料力学性能的影响。使用X射线衍射仪观察了复合材料中PPS的晶体结构,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的微观形貌,并利用动态机械分析测试探究了复合材料的黏弹性与PPS晶体结构之间的关系。结果表明,当等温结晶温度为230℃时,复合材料中PPS在保持较小晶粒尺寸的同时结晶度高达46.58%,此时复合材料具有良好的强度、刚性和界面粘结强度,其弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量和层间剪切强度分别达到709 MPa,81.9 GPa和23.8 MPa。     

PA6/SANMAH/GF复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用双螺杆挤出机通过熔融共混制备了尼龙6／（苯乙烯／丙烯腈／顺丁烯二酸酐）共聚物／玻璃纤维（PA6／SANMAH／GF）复合材料，测试了材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、缺口冲击强度、热变形温度、吸水率、熔点和熔融焓，并与GF增强PA6（PA6／GF）复合材料和GF增强PA6／（苯乙烯／丙烯腈）共聚物（PA6／SAN／GF）复合材料进行了性能对比。结果表明，在PA6与SANMAH的质量比为100：3—30时，PA6／SANMAH／GF复合材料的拉伸强度与PA6／GF复合材料相当，但高于PA6／SAN／GF复合材料，弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量高于PA6／GF和PA6／SAN／GF复合材料．缺口冲击强度高于PA6／GF复合材料，但低于PA6／SAN／GF复合材料；在PA6与SANMAH的质量比为100：40时，PA6／SANMAH／GF复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度明显降低；在整个试验范围内，PA6／SANMAH／GF复合材料的热变形温度比PA6／GF和PA6／SAN／GF复合材料低4～7℃；吸水率随着SAN-MAH用量的增加而逐渐减小。     

改性EP/S–GF单向复合材料缠绕成型工艺及性能

以4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷、苯酚和甲醛为原料合成二胺型苯并恶嗪(MDA–BOZ),并用其改性环氧树脂(EP)。采用湿法缠绕成型方法制备单向高强玻璃纤维(S–GF)增强改性EP基复合材料。用T–β外推法和凝胶化时间法确定了复合材料的成型工艺,并测试了其在室温和高温下的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、层间剪切强度等力学性能。与EP/4,4’–二氨基二苯砜(DDS)/S–GF复合材料相比,EP/MDA–BOZ/DDS/S–GF复合材料综合力学性能有较大提高。EP/MDA–BOZ/DDS/S–GF复合材料室温弯曲强度达1 428.3 MPa,层间剪切强度达79.92 MPa,纵向拉伸强度1 134.1 MPa,拉伸弹性模量为40.15 GPa。复合材料在100℃时,弯曲强度保持率为78.95%,层间剪切强度保持率为81.06%。扫描电子显微镜分析发现,改性树脂与玻璃纤维界面粘结性较好。     

玻璃纤维增强PA66复合材料非等温结晶动力学的研究

采用差示扫描量热仪对玻璃纤维（GF）增强聚酰胺66（PA66）复合材料进行了非等温结晶研究;用莫志深法和Kissinger法计算并得到了非等温结晶动力学参数。结果表明,GF对PA66基体具有异相成核作用,可提高其结晶速率;当GF含量为30 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料的结晶速率最大;在相同时间内,复合材料的结晶度越大,其所需的降温速率越大;PA66、PA66/15 %GF、PA66/30 %GF、PA66/45 %GF的结晶活化能分别为-297.22、-356.32、-481.00、-365.59 kJ/mol。     

高性能聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究

以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基体、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(PUR–T)为增韧剂、连续玻璃纤维(GF)为增强剂,通过熔体浸渍挤出工艺制备高性能PVC复合材料,并对其力学性能、耐热性能和动态力学性能进行研究。结果表明,随着PUR–T或连续GF含量增加,复合材料的力学性能和耐热性能均得到提高,当PUR–T/PVC质量比为2/8,连续GF质量分数为30%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、维卡软化温度分别为83.42 MPa,19.81 k J/m2,106.33 MPa,8 823.36 MPa和74.1℃;随着连续GF含量增加,复合材料的储能模量和玻璃化转变温度提高,损耗因子降低;扫描电子显微镜测试结果表明连续GF在PVC中保持了较长的长度,分散性良好。     

玻璃纤维增强聚不饱和磷酸酯成型工艺及性能

以不饱和磷酸酯(UPE)与玻璃纤维(GF)为原料，利用层压成型工艺制备了聚不饱和磷酸酯(PUPE)/GF复合材料，采用差示扫描量热仪分析了PUPE的固化过程，研究了GF/PUPE质量比、GF铺层层数以及热压压力对PUPE/GF复合材料力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。通过热重分析仪研究了PUPE与PUPE/GF复合材料的热稳定性。结果表明：PUPE/GF复合材料最佳成型工艺参数为热压温度120℃、热压压力10.0 MPa、GF/PUPE质量比10/11、GF铺层层数19层、固化时间20 min,制得的PUPE/GF复合材料具有良好的力学性能，拉伸强度与弯曲强度分别达到了171.7 MPa和84.8 MPa,同时具有优异的阻燃性能，且PUPE/GF复合材料在高温下的热稳定性明显提高。     

增容剂对GF增强SAN复合材料性能的影响

玻璃纤维(GF)增强苯乙烯-丙烯腈塑料(SAN)复合材料采用熔体浸渍工艺制备,研究了不同增容剂对GF增强SAN复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,添加增容剂的GF增强SAN复合材料的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度均有提高,加入增容剂苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(SAG)时,复合材料的综合性能最优,其缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别为23.09 k J/m2,103.48 MPa,174.92 MPa;复合材料的储能模量最大,损耗因子峰值最小。加入SAG的GF增强SAN复合材料的相容性比加入苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐(SMA)的复合材料的好。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,GF增强SAN复合材料中的GF没有被拔出,且表面包覆一层基体树脂。     

玻纤含量对聚醚醚酮/玻纤复合材料性能的影响

采用模压工艺制备了玻璃纤维增强聚醚醚酮(PEEK/GF)复合材料,并研究了GF用量对复合材料力学性能、热力学性能、耐摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:当GF含量为10%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均达最大值,分别为83.58 MPa和240.84 MPa;GF的引入对复合材料的熔点、玻璃化转变温度、结晶度、储能模量等产生不同影响,其中GF含量为20%的复合材料热力学性能最佳;复合材料的摩擦性能随GF的引入得到了极大的改善,添加25%的GF即可使摩擦系数降低73%。     

三维编织PE-UHMW纤维增强PMMA复合材料的力学性能研究

采用真空浸渍法制备了三维编织超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW3D)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)复合材料，重点研究了该复合材料的力学性能、纤维体积含量对复合材料力学性能的影响以及吸湿前后力学性能的对比。研究表明，PE-UHMW3D/PMMA复合材料具有较好的冲击强度。纤维经表面处理后，其弯曲强度、弯曲模量、横向和纵向剪切强度均有不同程度的提高，冲击强度略有下降。随着纤维体积含量的增加，横向剪切强度增加，纵向剪切和弯曲强度增加到一定程度反而下降。吸湿平衡后的力学性能有所下降。     

长玻璃纤维增强PA66复合材料的综合性能及其影响因素研究

利用定制的熔融浸渍装置制备了长玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺66(PA66/LGF)复合材料,并对其力学性能、界面黏结性等进行了表征,探讨了玻璃纤维含量、润滑剂含量、相容剂含量以及切粒长度等因素对复合材料性能的影响,得到了PA66/LGF复合材料优化的配方设计与切粒长度.结果表明,当玻璃纤维含量为43％(质量分数,下同)、切粒长度...     

Mechanical characterization and fractography of glass fiber/polyamide (PA6) composites

The mechanical properties of the glass fiber reinforced Polyamide (PA6) composites made by prepreg tapes and commingled yarns were studied by in‐plane compression, short‐beam shear, and flexural tests. The composites were fabricated with different fiber volume contents (prepregs—47%, 55%, 60%, and commingled—48%, 48%, 49%, respectively) by using vacuum consolidation technique. To evaluate laminate quality in terms of fiber wet‐out at filament level, homogeneity of fiber/matrix distribution, and matrix/fiber bonding standard microscopic methods like optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Both commingled and prepreg glass fiber/PA6 composites (with V_f ∼ 48%) give mechanical properties such as compression strength (530–570 MPa), inter‐laminar shear strength (70–80 MPa), and transverse strength (80–90 MPa). By increasing small percentage in the fiber content show significant rise in compression strength, slight decrease in the ILSS and transverse strengths, whereas semipreg give very poor properties with the slight increase in fiber content. Overall comparison of mechanical properties indicates commingled glass fiber/PA6 composite shows much better performance compared with prepregs due to uniform distribution of fiber and matrix, better melt‐impregnation while processing, perfect alignment of glass fibers in the composite. This study proves again that the presence of voids and poor interface bonding between matrix/fiber leads to decrease in the mechanical properties. Fractographic characterization of post‐failure surfaces reveals information about the cause and sequence of failure. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:834–853, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

连续碳纤维增强热固性酚醛树脂复合材料的3D打印工艺及性能研究

针对连续碳纤维增强热固性酚醛树脂复合材料3D打印成型工艺的技术难题,本文提出了浸渍-原位预固化-后固化的3D打印成型方案,实现了连续碳纤维增强热固性酚醛树脂复合材料的3D打印成型,并研究浸渍温度对酚醛树脂接触角与表面张力,以及打印工艺对样件形貌和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:当浸渍温度为40 ℃,预固化温度为180 ℃时,纤维-树脂界面结合效果最佳,原料具备成型条件;当打印间距为0.5 mm时,样件的弯曲强度及模量达到最大值,分别为660.00 MPa和57.99 GPa,层间剪切强度达到20.14 MPa。此连续碳纤维增强热固性酚醛树脂复合材料一体化制备工艺解决了3D打印热固性树脂原位成型难的问题,为制备具有复杂结构的连续纤维增强热固性树脂复合材料提供了参考。     

Processing and mechanical performance of 3D Cf/SiCN composites prepared by polymer impregnation and pyrolysis

The processing of 3D carbon fiber reinforced SiCN ceramic matrix composites prepared by polymer impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) route was improved, and factors that determined the mechanical performance of the resulting composites were discussed. 3D C_f/SiCN composites with a relative density of ∼81% and uniform microstructure were obtained after 6 PIP cycles. The optimum bending strength, Young's modulus and fracture toughness of the composites were 75.2 MPa, 66.3 GPa and 1.65 MPa m^1/2, respectively. The residual strength retention rate of the as-pyrolyzed composites was 93.3% after thermal shock test at ΔT = 780 °C. It further degraded to 14.6% when the thermal shock temperature difference reached to 1180 °C. The bending strength of the composites was 35.6 MPa after annealing at 1000 °C in static air. The deterioration of the bending strength should be attributed to the strength degradation of carbon fibers and decomposition of interfacial structure.     

Thermomechanical and Interfacial Properties of Calcium Alginate Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

Polypropylene (PP) matrix calcium alginate fiber reinforced unidirectional composites (10% fiber by weight) were fabricated by compression molding. Tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM), and impact strength (IS) were found to be 26 MPa, 950 MPa, 38 MPa, 1320 MPa, and 20 kJ/m², respectively. Degradation tests of composites were performed for 6 weeks in soil and it was found that composites retained almost 75% of its original strength. The interfacial properties of the composite were investigated by using single fiber fragmentation test (SFFT) and by scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

Tailoring Carbon Fiber/Carbon Nanotubes Interface to Optimize Mechanical Properties of Cf‐CNTs/SiC Composites

C_f/SiC composites were fabricated using fiber coatings including CNTs and matrix infiltration using the polymer impregnation and pyrolysis process. Interface between fiber and CNTs (CF/CNTs) was tailored to optimize mechanical properties of hybrid composites. The tailored interphases, such as Pyrocarbon (PyC) and PyC/SiC, protect fibers from degradation during the growth of CNTs successfully. Hybrid composites with well‐tailored CF/CNTs interface displayed significantly increased mechanical strength (352 ± 21 MPa) compared with that (34 ± 3 MPa) of composites reinforced with CNTs, which grown on carbon fibers directly. The interfacial bonding strength of hybrid composites was improved and optimized by tailoring the CF/CNTs interface. Interfacial failure modes were studied, and a firm interface bonding at the joint where CNTs grown was observed.     

TDE-85/AG-80环氧树脂基复合材料微观形貌与力学性能分析

选用两种耐高温多官能团环氧树脂TDE-5和AG-80为基体,T300碳纤维为增强体制备了复合材料单向板,纤维体积含量均为60％。实验测得TDE-85树脂基体复合材料单向板的弯曲模量为74．26GPa,弯曲强度为1061．4MPa,层间剪切强度（ILSS）为54．05MPa;AG-80树脂基体复合材料单向板弯曲模量为55．73GPa,弯曲强度为840．52MPa,层间剪切强度（ILSS）为44．84MPa。前者的弯曲强度、弯曲模量与剪切强度也分别高出后者26．3％、33．2％与20．5％。实验对弯曲试样断口微观形貌的受压部分和受拉部分进行了SEM和高倍数码显微镜观察。结果显示,AG-80树脂基与碳纤维的界面结合情况较差,纤维成束被拔出,纤维表面几乎没有树脂。TDE-85树脂基与碳纤维界面结合情况较好,纤维与树脂结合比较紧密,断面较为平整,只有少量纤维拔出,表面粘附大量树脂。     

SiCf/SiO2复合材料的制备及界面层对其力学性能的影响

以碳化硅(SiC)纤维为增强体,采用真空浸渍法制备了2.5维连续SiC纤维增韧的SiO2基(SiCf/SiO2)复合材料,研究了SiC纤维编织体上不同的界面层对SiCf/SiO2复合材料力学性能的影响.化学气相渗透(CVI)法制备的热解碳(PyC)和PyC/SiC双层界面层分别使材料的抗弯强度由无界面层的52.2 MPa提高至67.4 MPa和180.3 MPa,但均使材料的韧性降低.用扫描电镜观察了材料的断口形貌,结果表明,PyC和PyC/SiC层不仅提高了材料的抗弯强度,而且增加了基体同纤维间的结合力,使基体有效地将载荷传递给纤维.PyC/SiC层能有效地保护SiC纤维,防止烧结过程中释放出的结晶水对纤维的损伤,有助于提高材料的力学性能.     

Additive manufacturing of high-strength polyamide 6 composites reinforced with continuous carbon fiber prepreg

The additive manufacturing of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) paves way for the high-strength, light-weight components for variety of load-bearing applications. In this work, the continuous carbon fiber reinforced PA6 (CCF-PA6) composites was successfully printed from the prepreg filament. The prepreg filament was prepared in-house by impregnating the heat-and-acid treated 1 K carbon fiber bundle with the molten PA6. The tensile strength of the prepreg filament, which contained with 40 vol% CF, reached 984 MPa. The unidirectional CCF-PA6 specimens were subsequently 3D-printed with the prepreg filament, and the mechanical strength of those 3D-printed specimens were tunable by adjusting a set of printing parameters, such as layer thickness, hatch spacing and printing temperatures. The highest tensile strength of the specimen reached 555 MPa. Those specimens also exhibited outstanding mechanical strength at elevated temperatures, still reaching 184 MPa at 150°C. The mechanical strength of those specimens was dependent on the content of the fiber. This study can hopefully provide new insights for feedstock design and spur novel ideas in tailoring the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed CFRTPs.