超声辅助法制备铁蛋白-虾青素包埋物

虾青素是一种具有多种活性的天然类胡萝卜素,但其水溶性差,对温度和光照的敏感性高,限制了其应用。作为新型的营养物质包埋载体,铁蛋白在包埋过程中约40%会因所使用的极端pH值条件而损失。为解决上述问题,本实验通过超声辅助法,采用人重链铁蛋白对虾青素进行包埋,并通过透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见光谱、高效液相色谱对包埋物理化性质进行表征,同时通过细胞实验表征包埋物的生物活性。高效液相色谱定量分析结果表明,一个铁蛋白分子可包埋约40 个虾青素分子。光热稳定性分析结果表明,包埋入蛋白空腔后,虾青素的降解率分别由热处理终点的45%和光处理终点的31%减少至3%。铁蛋白包埋虾青素可以显著提高虾青素的水溶性和光热稳定性。本实验为营养素的包埋和载运提供了新的可能性,从而可以促进其在食品工业中的应用。     

基于铁蛋白-壳聚糖制备芦丁纳米复合物及芦丁稳定性研究

芦丁是一种常见的具有重要生理作用的黄酮类活性物质,其水溶性差且不稳定,限制了在食品领域的应用。本文以分离纯化的重组H-2铁蛋白(r H-2)和壳聚糖为原料,利用尿素诱导的铁蛋白可逆组装性质和铁蛋白-壳聚糖的相互作用,制备均匀分散的水溶性r H-2-壳聚糖-芦丁包埋物。采用HPLC法测定1分子的r H-2铁蛋白可包埋约23.8个芦丁分子,其包埋率和装载率分别为15.8%和2.59%。相比游离的芦丁分子,r H-2-壳聚糖-芦丁包埋物中芦丁分子的紫外辐射和加热处理的稳定性分别提高了44.7%和28.9%。本研究成果对提高芦丁在食品加工过程中的稳定性具有重要意义。     

静电纺丝技术包埋天然酚类化合物研究进展

天然酚类化合物因其对人体健康具有众多益处,近年来在食品、营养学和医药等领域得到了广泛的关注。然而,酚类化合物较差的溶解性、稳定性和生物利用度等严重地限制了其应用。如何有效地保护和运载这些酚类化合物并保持其生物活性成为研究的热点问题。静电纺丝是一种易于操作且成本低廉的纳米级纤维制备技术,所制备的纳米纤维可作为纳米载体对生物活性物质进行包埋和控制释放,因此可作为包埋酚类化合物的一种有效方法。本文概述了静电纺丝技术的基本原理、类型、影响参数、常用的聚合物基质和优势,对静电纺丝技术包埋天然酚类化合物的相关研究进行了综述,最后展望了其在食品工业的应用前景,以期为静电纺丝技术在食品领域应用提供一定的理论指导。     

天然抗菌剂纳米乳液的制备、抑菌机理及在肉类保鲜中的应用研究进展

肉类富含蛋白质、脂肪等营养物质,在加工或贮藏过程中易受到微生物的污染而发生腐败变质。天然抗菌剂作为一种肉类保鲜剂,因具有良好的抑菌活性、安全性及生物可降解性而受到广泛关注。然而,有些天然抗菌剂具有高挥发性、低水溶性、热不稳定等缺陷,导致其在肉类保鲜中的应用受到局限。纳米乳液作为一种包埋系统,能够将天然抗菌剂包埋在其内部,以提高天然抗菌剂的稳定性和抑菌活性,并改善天然抗菌剂的释放性能,从而缓解天然抗菌剂的局限性。本文综述天然抗菌剂纳米乳液的构成和制备方法,并在此基础上进一步论述天然抗菌剂纳米乳液的抑菌机理与优势以及天然抗菌剂纳米乳液在肉类保鲜中的研究进展,以期为天然抗菌剂纳米乳液在肉类保鲜中的应用提供理论基础和实践指导。     

静电纺丝技术包埋抗菌物质研究进展

近年来,人们已成功地开发出多种不同来源的天然抗菌物质。由于食品加工和储存条件对其抗菌效果产生很大的影响,极大地限制了其在食品工业中的应用。目前常用的包埋技术在包埋抗菌物质时仍存在许多不足之处。因此,开发出高效包埋天然抗菌物质的包埋技术成为研究的热点问题。静电纺丝技术是一种新颖的、简单的生物活性物质包埋技术,能够显著提高生物活性物质的包埋效率、稳定性和利用度,在一定程度上克服了传统包埋技术在包埋生物活性物质时的弊端。本文主要综述了静电纺丝技术的原理,纺丝参数对静电纺丝纳米纤维的影响以及以多糖和蛋白质为基质利用静电纺丝技术包埋抗菌物质及其应用的研究进展,为其在食品工业中的良好应用奠定基础。     

基于改性果胶的纳米乳液包埋生物活性物质研究进展

果胶是从苹果渣、柑橘皮和甜菜粕等原料中提取的一种结构复杂的阴离子多糖,具有特殊的表面和界面特性,是构建纳米乳液的理想材料。然而,天然果胶的亲水性较强,疏水性不足,不易吸附到两相界面并发挥作用,限制了其在食品等领域的应用。对天然果胶进行甲酯化改性,或者将果胶与小分子表面活性剂(如吐温、司盘等)或大分子表面活性剂(如蛋白质等)联合使用,能够有效克服天然果胶在稳定纳米乳液时的缺陷,提高纳米乳液的稳定性和生物活性物质的包埋效果。本文综述基于改性果胶的纳米乳液制备方法、表征手段,以及不同形式的果胶基乳化剂的界面及乳化性质,旨在为果胶基纳米乳液体系的构建及其在生物活性物质包埋中的应用提供理论依据。     

人体铁吸收及植物铁蛋白补铁特性研究进展

缺铁性贫血依然为全球目前所面临的公共健康营养问题之一,而铁营养作用的发挥与其吸收利用度密切相关。植物铁蛋白以其独特的笼形结构,在补铁方面拥有广阔的应用前景。该研究主要综述人体对各种来源的铁的吸收途径,以及植物铁蛋白的结构及其补铁特性。关于机体铁吸收的途径着重从血红素铁及Fe2+、Fe3+、铁蛋白等非血红素铁的角度介绍人体对不同来源铁的吸收方式,并进一步介绍影响铁吸收的因素;之后对植物铁蛋白的基本结构及其与动物铁蛋白相比之下的特殊结构进行阐述;最后针对植物铁蛋白在细胞实验、动物实验及临床研究等各方面的补铁特性以及其在纳米包埋领域的应用进行总结。该综述旨在为机体铁代谢及植物铁蛋白营养特性的深入研究奠定一定的基础。     

自组装原花青素纳米复合物的构建及表征

原花青素是一种具有极强抗氧化活性的天然多酚化合物,该文利用酪蛋白和麦芽糊精进行分子自组装得到一种两亲性生物聚合物,将其与原花青素结合形成纳米复合物。通过接枝度、褐变度、蛋白溶解度以及红外光谱和圆二色谱分析酪蛋白与麦芽糊精之间的相互作用机制。以包埋率为指标,优化原花青素纳米复合物构建的工艺条件,对原花青素纳米复合物的粒径、电位和多分散指数进行表征,并采用扫描电镜观察其包埋前后表观的形貌变化。结果表明,酪蛋白与麦芽糊精成功地进行自组装反应,该反应有效地提高了酪蛋白的溶解度。当原花青素/接枝物的质量比为2∶5,接枝物浓度为25 mg/mL,溶液pH值为7.0时,制备得到的原花青素纳米复合物包埋率达到93.48%,平均粒径为158.69 nm,Zeta电位为-30.58 mV,呈现一种表面光滑的紧凑球状结构。     

基于铁蛋白纳米笼构建传感元件及其在食品检测中的研究进展

铁蛋白(ferritin)是由24个亚基自组装而成的中空笼形结构蛋白,具有良好的水溶性、稳定性、生物相容性和可逆自组装特性。在生物体内,铁蛋白在铁的吸收、转运、氧化和贮存中扮演重要角色,具有调节体内铁代谢平衡的功能。近年来,由于铁蛋白具有纳米尺度的笼形结构,而且容易通过化学和生物等方法进行结构改造和修饰,使得其被广泛用于检测传感元件的构建。该文对铁蛋白分子的结构与功能进行简要介绍,总结了铁蛋白在构建检测传感元件中的2种基本策略,并重点回顾了基于铁蛋白传感元件在食品真菌毒素、重金属离子、病毒、过氧化氢等有毒有害物质检测中的研究进展,以期为铁蛋白在食品检测领域的应用提供研究思路。     

铁蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米包埋ACE抑制肽

利用铁蛋白在极酸条件下可逆组装特性和海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,SA)的控释作用,以马脾脱铁铁蛋白(horse spleen apoferritin,HSF)和SA作为纳米载体,包埋血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽丙氨酸-组氨酸-亮氨酸-亮氨酸(Ala-His-Leu-Leu,AHLL),以期提高ACE抑制肽AHLL在消化系统中的吸收效果。以包封率为评价指标,优化实验条件。结果显示,纳米粒的最佳制备条件为HSF浓度1～2μmol/L之间、SA质量浓度10 mg/L、AHLL终质量浓度100～200μg/m L范围内,此时制备的纳米粒体系包封率较高。运用透射电子显微镜对HSF-AHLL和HSF-SA-AHLL进行结构表征,从表观上呈现出均一的纳米体系。纳米粒的粒径和电位测定结果体现出包埋体系的稳定性。Caco-2细胞单层模型的体外转运实验,证明了纳米体系中的AHLL在消化系统中吸收效果更好。据此铁蛋白和SA可以作为载体被应用在活性肽稳态化保持,也为活性营养成分的吸收提供一条有效途径。     

铁蛋白纳米笼分子装载途径及食品活性物质递送的研究进展

铁蛋白(ferritin)是一种广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中的多亚基笼形结构蛋白,具有调节体内铁代谢平衡的功能,同时可以保护细胞免受因各种环境胁迫而导致的细胞氧化损伤.近年来,随着研究的深入,铁蛋白独特的纳米笼形结构以及特殊的理化性质使其成为一种具有广泛应用前景的新型蛋白质纳米载体材料.文章对铁蛋白的分子结构和功能进...     

Encapsulation for preservation of functionality and targeted delivery of bioactive food components

There has been a tremendous increase in the number of food products containing bioactive components with a health promoting or disease preventing effect. Bioactive food components can be divided into bioactive molecules and bioactive living cells (probiotics). Both bioactive molecules and bioactive living cells may benefit from encapsulation since many report low survival of bioactivity due to adverse effects of (i) processing and storage in the products that serve as vehicles and due to (ii) deleterious circumstances during transport through the gastrointestinal tract. For probiotics, it may even be mandatory to apply protection by encapsulation as the survival of probiotics in traditional products such as in dairy foods and powdered formulas is low. Encapsulation promotes not only viability but more importantly also protects the functionality, and may facilitate targeted release in specific parts of the gut. Different encapsulation approaches qualify for protection of bioactive food components. The most commonly applied technologies are emulsification, coacervation, spray drying, spray cooling, freeze drying, fluid bed coating and extrusion technologies, but also more expensive techniques such as liposome encapsulation, and cyclodextrin encapsulation are used. When targeted release is desired in combination with adequate protection in the product, it is essential to realize which processes in the human gut can be applied to facilitate targeted release. The majority of systems that have been used in the past were either sensitive to mechanical stress, pH, or transport time variations in the gut. More recent systems take advantages of the different enzyme concentrations associated with variations in the composition of the microbiota in different parts of the gut. The latter system should receive more attention in the food industry as it allows for precise release of bioactive food components. The principle of targeted release by enzymatic activity of the microbiota is compatible with many carbohydrates that are generally regarded as safe (GRAS).     

Ferritin cage for encapsulation and delivery of bioactive nutrients: From structure,property to applications

Ferritin is a class of naturally occurring iron storage proteins, which is distributed widely in animal, plant, and bacteria. It usually consists of 24 subunits that form a hollow protein shell with high symmetry. One holoferritin molecule can store up to 4500 iron atom within its inner cavity, and it becomes apoferritin upon removal of iron from the cavity. Recently, scientists have subverted these nature functions and used reversibly self-assembled property of apoferritin cage controlled by pH for the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive nutrients or anticancer drug. In all these cases, the ferritin cages shield their cargo from the influence of external conditions and provide a controlled microenvironment. More importantly, upon encapsulation, ferritin shell greatly improved the water solubility, thermal stability, photostability, and cellular uptake activity of these small bioactive compounds. This review aims to highlight recent advances in applications of ferritin cage as a novel vehicle in the field of food science and nutrition. Future outlooks are highlighted with the aim to suggest a research line to follow for further studies.     

大豆分离蛋白/可溶性大豆多糖作为生物活性物质包埋载体的研究进展

目前大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)和可溶性大豆多糖(soluble soy polysaccharide,SSPS)均已实现工业化生产,在食品领域中得到了广泛的应用.作为生物大分子物质,以SPI和SSPS为壁材来包埋疏水性小分子生物活性物质受到众多学者的关注.以姜黄素为代表的疏水性小分子...     

Advances in micro and nano-encapsulation of bioactive compounds using biopolymer and lipid-based transporters

BackgroundBioactive compounds possess plenty of health benefits, but they are chemically unstable and susceptible to oxidative degradation. The application of pure bioactive compounds is also very limited in food and drug formulations due to their fast release, low solubility, and poor bioavailability. Encapsulation can preserve the bioactive compounds from environmental stresses, improve physicochemical functionalities, and enhance their health-promoting and anti-disease activities.Scope and approachMicro and nano-encapsulation based techniques and systems have great importance in food and pharmaceutical industries. This review highlights the recent advances in micro and nano-encapsulation of bioactive compounds. We comprehensively discussed the importance of encapsulation, the application of biopolymer-based carrier agents and lipid-based transporters with their functionalities, suitability of encapsulation techniques in micro and nano-encapsulation, as well as different forms of improved and novel micro and nano-encapsulate systems.Key findings and conclusionsBoth micro and nano-encapsulation have an extensive application, but nano-encapsulation can be a promising approach for encapsulation purposes. Maltodextrin in combination with gums or other polysaccharides or proteins can offer an advantageous formulation for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds by using encapsulation techniques. Electro-spinning and electro-spraying are promising technologies in micro and nano-encapsulation, while solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructure lipid carriers are exposing themselves as the promising and new generation of lipid nano-carriers for bioactive compounds. Moreover, phytosome, nano-hydrogel, and nano-fiber are also efficient and novel nano-vehicles for bioactive compounds. Further studies are required for the improvement of existing encapsulate systems and exploring their application in food and gastrointestinal systems for industrial application.     

静电纺丝技术在食品领域应用的研究进展

由于活性肽、精油及益生菌等生物活性物质易受热、光、加工和储运等外界因素的影响,如何使生物活性物质不受上述条件制约,并保持其活性已成为食品加工技术研究热点。静电纺丝技术因具有操作简便、生物活性物质包封效率高、包封过程中不产生热量、被包封物质易于释放等优点,在食品领域应用的研究日益增多。本文主要介绍了静电纺丝技术的原理、常用的包封材料、静电纺丝纤维形态的影响因素、静电纺丝技术在食品领域中的应用和展望。建议未来研究的重点主要放在开展静电纺丝无毒专用包封材料的筛选,静电纺丝纤维包封生物活性物质的体内靶向释放及其功能性评价,以及实现静电纺丝纤维的工业化连续生产上。     

Coaxial electrospraying of biopolymers as a strategy to improve protection of bioactive food ingredients

Coaxial electrospraying is a promising technique for the production of multilayer encapsulation structures whose potential has already been demonstrated for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The aim of this work was to extend its application to the food sector by developing novel coaxially electrosprayed microcapsules using all food-grade materials. For this purpose, zein and gelatin were used as shell biopolymers to microencapsulate two model bioactive ingredients, i.e. epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as a model hydrophilic compound and α-linolenic acid (ALA) as a model hydrophobic molecule. The performance of the coaxially-obtained particles in terms of protection was evaluated in comparison with that of uniaxially electrosprayed materials. Particle sizes varied with composition and encapsulation efficiency (EE) was dependent on the chemical affinity between the shell matrix and the bioactive compound, but in general, greater EE was obtained in the coaxial systems. Moreover, enhanced bioactive protection ability was demonstrated by the coaxial structures, as observed in thermal degradation assays (for ALA) and antioxidant activity after in-vitro digestion (for EGCG).Industrial relevanceThis work emphasizes the usefulness of the electrospraying technique for the production of encapsulation structures for bioactive protection using all food-grade materials, without the need of applying high temperatures and generating small capsule sizes (in the submicron range). It also demonstrates that the coaxial configuration may be used to design encapsulation systems with enhanced protection ability for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive compounds.     

Towards improving the nutrition and health of the aged: the role of sprouted grains and encapsulation of bioactive compounds in functional bread – a review

Aging reduces the absorption of nutrients. Literature related to functional bread processing techniques including sprouting of grains and the application of encapsulation technology and the bioavailability of bioactives was reviewed. Functional ingredients including sprouted/germinated grain particularly brown rice and wheat flours enhance the bioactive properties of functional bread. Ingredients with high polyphenol content such as lavender and melissa by-products, tea-extracts and aronia powder enhance the bioactive content and appear to have a favourable effect on the shelf-life of bread and antioxidant status of consumers. Incorporation of encapsulated bioactive compounds into bread have a huge potential to improve the bread quality and increase the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds including polyphenols. More investigations and new areas of research should focus on sprouted grain flours and the application of encapsulation technologies especially nanoencapsulation to optimize the bioactivity, storage, bioavailability and nutritional profile of bread to improve nutrition and health with aging.