国内市场上罐装啤酒中双酚类物质迁出量调查

建立并利用固相萃取-高效液相-荧光法对国内市场上31种罐装啤酒中双酚物的含量进行了调查。方法的检测限为0.02～0.09μg/L,在0.02～50.00μg/L的检测范围内相关系数大于0.99,加标回收率和标准差分别为80.67%～101%和1.01%～4.84%。样品中除双酚E(BPE)没有检出外,双酚A(BPA)、双酚A二缩水甘油醚(BADGE)、双酚F二缩水甘油醚(BFDGE)、双酚B(BPB)和双酚F(BPF)的平均检出浓度分别为2.99、0.41、0.18、0.12、0.12μg/L,检出率分别为100%、83.9%、6.4%、12.9%和6.4%。BPA和BADGE是罐装啤酒中存在的最主要的双酚物,其平均每日摄入量分别估计为0.0160、0.0022μg/kg.bw.d,低于欧盟关于BPA50μg/kg.bw.d的规定。样品中BPA没有超过欧盟规定的0.6mg/L,BADGE的迁移也未高于9mg/L,但是BFDGE的检出是不允许的。目前尚无关于BPF、BPE和BPB的迁移限值。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定全蛋粉中的双酚A和双酚S

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定全蛋粉中双酚A和双酚S的检测方法。全蛋粉经水复溶后经乙腈提取,提取液使用分散系固相萃取-基质增强脂质去除产品进行除脂,使用Oasis PRiME HLB小柱进一步净化,使用超高效液相串联质谱测定,负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式测定,内标法定量。结果显示:双酚A在1~50 μg/kg范围内呈线性,相关系数为0.9991,加标回收率为98.8%~105.0%,日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为3.84%~8.58%和5.65%~8.74%,检出限为0.3 μg/kg,定量限为1.0 μg/kg;双酚S在0.4~20 μg/kg范围内呈线性,相关系数为0.9995,加标回收率为98.5%~102.5%,日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为3.01%~7.86%和3.18%~7.03%,检出限为0.1 μg/kg,定量限为0.3 μg/kg。实际样品测定结果分别为:双酚A 2.4~3.8 μg/kg;双酚S 0.48~0.82 μg/kg。本方法前处理简单、高灵敏度适用于全蛋粉中双酚A和双酚S的日常测定。     

QuEChERS-SPE快速样品制备-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法测定婴幼儿配方奶中双酚类化合物

建立QuEChERS-固相萃取（quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe-solid phase extraction,QuEChERS-SPE）样品净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定婴幼儿配方奶中8 种双酚类化合物残留的方法。样品中的双酚类化合物残留经乙腈提取,QuEChERS-SPE净化样品,基质匹配标准校正外标法定量。结果表明,样品经净化和校正后8 种双酚类化合物的基质因子为0.80～1.20;在线性范围内,8 种双酚类化合物线性相关系数（R2）均大于0.999。方法回收率为50.2%～116%（n=6）,相对标准偏差为0.5%～14%（n=6）,方法的检出限和定量限：固体奶粉为0.017～0.78μg/kg及0.055～2.6μg/kg,液体奶为0.0011～0.055μg/L及0.0035～0.18μg/L。采用本方法对中国和加拿大市场购买的婴幼儿配方奶进行检测,根据测定的含量和婴幼儿每天摄入奶量,可分别计算出婴幼儿可能最多摄入双酚A、双酚S、双酚F的量分别为0.065、0.050、0.0059μg/（kg·d）,但均未超过欧洲食品安全协会对双酚类化合物从食品包装材料迁移到食品中限量的规定（4μg/（kg·d））。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品接触材料中双酚F和双酚S的迁移量

目的 建立液相色谱-串联质谱外标法测定食品接触材料中双酚F和双酚S迁移量的分析方法。方法 样品经水、4%乙酸、10%乙醇、20%乙醇、50%乙醇、95%乙醇和橄榄油等7种食品模拟液浸泡试验后,浸泡液经过滤后进样,以甲醇-水为流动相,经过T₃色谱柱分离,用外标法在负离子模式下以电喷雾电离多反应监测模式进行定量分析。 结果 6种食品模拟物(除橄榄油外)中双酚F和双酚S分别在10.0~200 μg/L和0.500~10.0 μg/L浓度范围内有好的线性,相关系数r均大于0.9995,方法检出限分别为0.002 mg/kg和0.0001mg/kg,定量限分别为0.01mg/kg和0.0005mg/kg,在食品模拟物橄榄油中双酚F和双酚S分别50.0~750 μg/kg和2.50~37.5 μg/kg浓度范围内线性很好,相关系数r均为0.9999,检出限分别为0.01mg/kg和0.0005mg/kg,定量限分别为0.05mg/kg和0.0025mg/kg。在三个浓度水平双酚F加标回收率为90.4%~108%,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0~5.27%之间,双酚S加标回收率为84.4%~107%,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0~4.60%之间。结论 该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确性好,能满足食品接触材料中双酚F和双酚S的迁移量的检测。     

奶瓶中双酚A、烷基酚及烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚残留量的高效液相色谱-荧光测定法

建立了奶瓶中双酚A、烷基酚及烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚残留量的高效液相色谱-荧光测定方法.样品用二氯甲烷-甲醇提取后,采用高效液相色谱分离,荧光检测器检测.BPA、OP、NP、OPEO在0.05～1.0 μg/mL,NPEO在0.2～1.0 μg/mL范围呈线性.对奶瓶样品作添加回收试验,各种成分的平均回收率在81.1%～100.3%之间,相对标准偏差在2.7%～5.5%之间.方法检出限:BPA为1 mg/kg;OP、NP、OPEO为2 mg/kg ;NPEO为5 mg/kg.结果表明,该法简便、灵敏、精确度高,适用于奶瓶中双酚A、烷基酚及烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的残留分析.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中双酚A和壬基酚

建立快速测定双酚A和壬基酚的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法能加强婴幼儿配方奶粉中污染项目的风险监测。婴幼儿配方奶粉样品经乙腈两次提取，通过冷冻、离心、氮吹等过程进行除杂和浓缩，采用C18色谱柱分离，以0.05%氨水（v/v）和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱，SRM模式检测双酚A和壬基酚，内标法定量，标准曲线比较法评估基质效应。结果表明，双酚A和壬基酚的方法检出限为1μg/kg，定量限为2μg/kg；线性范围为0.5～50 ng/mL；通过线性范围内3个水平的加标，双酚A、壬基酚回收率分别为85.04%～109.08%、84.52%～113.32%；双酚A、壬基酚的仪器精密度分别为5.65%、3.86%，方法精密度分别为5.04%、3.10%；基质效应考察表明，壬基酚无基质效应，双酚A则存在明显基质抑制（ME=60.2%），故需采用内标校正。本方法限值低、分析时间短、前处理简单，适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中双酚A和壬基酚的同时测定。     

国际资讯

欧盟提高塑料类食品接触材料安全标准近日,欧盟正式发布2011/8/EU号法令,禁止婴儿奶瓶使用有毒化学物质——双酚A(BPA)。同时,要求所有塑料类食品接触材料中,BPA允许迁移量不得高于0.6mg/kg。     

UPLC-MS/MS测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中双酚A和壬基酚

建立一种测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中双酚A和壬基酚的超高效液相色谱串联质谱准确定性定量方法。向配方乳粉样品中加水溶解,乙腈提取,使用在线捕集技术消除流动相中的本底影响,以甲醇-0.1%氨水溶液作为流动相在C₁₈色谱柱上进行梯度洗脱,用超高效液相色谱仪进行分离后,通过电喷雾负离子模式电离,多反应检测模式进行检测分析,内标法准确定量。结果表明:在1~2000 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999。本方法BPA和NP检出限均低至0.1 μg/kg,在不同婴幼儿配方乳粉中添加1、10、100 μg/kg三水平加标,测定结果平均回收率在89.5%~102.8%之间,相对标准偏差为1.3%~4.8%,该方法具有较高的灵敏度和准确度。对市售200份婴幼儿配方乳粉进行测定,检出BPA含量为0.1~30.0 μg/kg,检出NP含量为1.1~105 μg/kg,适合婴幼儿配方乳粉中双酚A和壬基酚的定量测定。     

复合免疫亲和柱-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植物源食品中的双酚A、双酚F和双酚S

目的 利用复合免疫亲和柱-高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱技术(liquid chromatography coupled with tiple quadrupole mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)构建水果(苹果)、蔬菜(菠菜)、谷物(大米粉)以及婴幼儿谷类辅助食品(婴幼儿米粉)等植物源性食品中双酚A、双酚F和双酚S的分析方法。方法 样品用乙腈或含20%水的甲醇溶液提取,经复合免疫亲和柱对提取液进行净化,采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱分离,HPLC-MS/MS检测。结果 3种双酚A类化合物在相应浓度范围内线性关系良好,决定系数均大于0.999;在低、中、高3个不同加标浓度下,3种目标物的回收率为94.81%～111.12%,相对标准偏差为1.25%～11.50%,基质效应为-10.23%～5.46%;方法的检出限为0.015～0.15 μg/kg,定量限为0.05～0.5 μg/kg。结论 本方法基于抗原抗体特异性结合的免疫亲和柱对样品进行净化,重现性好、准确度高,能够有效地分离和检测苹果、菠菜、大米粉以及婴幼儿米粉中的BPA、BPS和BPF,可应用于这四类食品中BPA、BPS和BPF的定性定量检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品接触材料中双酚S的迁移量

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱测定食品接触材料中双酚S的迁移量的分析方法。样品经水、4%乙酸、10%乙醇、20%乙醇、50%乙醇、95%乙醇水基模拟物迁移后,过滤;样品经橄榄油、玉米油等油基模拟物、异辛烷化学替代溶剂迁移后,经甲醇/水(1:1,v/v)液-液萃取,过滤后,采用液相色谱-串联质谱在多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。双酚S在5.0～80 μg?kg^-1范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r²)大于0.9990;检出限(3S/N)为1.5 μg?kg^-1;按标准加入法进行回收试验,加标回收率在85.3%～108.0%,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5.0 %。     

Simultaneous Determination of Aflatoxin B1, Bisphenol A,and 4-Nonylphenol in Peanut Oils by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Solid-Phase Extraction and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

An analytical method based on liquid-liquid extraction combined with solid-phase extraction and isotope dilution-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was well developed for simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), bisphenol A (BPA), and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in peanut oil. After adding isotope internal standards, the samples were firstly diluted by normal hexane and then extracted by acetonitrile and Carb/PSA solid-phase extraction cartridge in sequence to obtain the extracted solution. All the extracted solution was merged and was subsequently dried to near dryness by a mild nitrogen stream. Three target analytes were separated on a Phenomenex Luna C18 chromatographic column, quantified by an internal standard method and detected by ESI positive (ESI⁺) and negative (ESI^?) subsection acquisition modes under multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) conditions. Results demonstrated that the three target analytes exhibited excellent linearity in their corresponding concentration ranges of 0.1–100.0 μg/L with correlation coefficients all greater than 0.998. The corresponding method limits of quantitation (MLOQ, S/N?=?10) of AFB1, BPA, and 4-NP were 0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 μg/kg, respectively. Moreover, the mean recoveries for negative samples spiked at three concentration levels were calculated between 87.7 and 105.1% with relative standard deviation (RSD, n?=?6) ranging from 2.2 to 7.9% and the interday precision (n?=?5) ranging from 5.0 to 8.7%. Finally, the method was successfully applied to analyze 52 peanut oil samples, and AFB1 and 4-NP were detected in 43 samples with the concentrations in the ranges of 0.5–69.4 and 9.3–77.8 μg/kg, respectively. None of BPA was detected in any samples.     

Comparison of migration from polyethersulphone and polycarbonate baby bottles

This work presents two analytical methods developed for measuring three components of polyethersulphone (PES) and applying them to the migration testing of 30 baby bottles made of PES. The study also provides migration results under the same conditions for bisphenol A (BPA) from 40 polycarbonate baby bottles using a well-established method adapted to low concentrations. For PES bottles, migration of diphenyl sulphone (DPS), 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulphone (DCPS) and 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulphone (DHPS; also known as bisphenol S) was carried out using two different analytical methods with detection limits of 0.1-0.3 μg/kg, and, therefore, much below their respective European Commission Directive 2002/72/EC legislative migration limits of 50-3000 μg/kg, respectively. In parallel, 40 bottles made of polycarbonate were analysed for the migration of BPA using a method validated at EU level and modified to give a lower detection limit of 0.1 μg/kg. Migration tests were conducted into the simulant for milk 50% EtOH (as per Commission Regulation No. 321/2011 of 1 April 2011) according to the test conditions from the guidelines on test conditions for articles in contact with foodstuffs (with a focus on kitchenware) prepared by the EU Reference Laboratory and its network of National Reference Laboratories. None of the 30 bottles made of PES released any detectable amounts of DCPS or DHPS and only two bottles released a very low amount of DPS of ~1 μg/kg in the milk food simulant compared to a regulatory limit of 3000 μg/kg. For PC bottles, 32 bottles of 40 (80%) did not release BPA above the LOD of 0.1 μg/kg (in any of the three migration tests performed on each bottle). The other 20% of bottles exhibited only very minor migration, where the highest level in the first migration test was 1.83 μg/kg and most bottles did not release detectable BPA in the second and third test. Only one bottle, with a migration level of 1.08 μg/kg, in the first test still showed a detectable level in the last migration test (i.e. 0.42 μg/kg). It is important to note that the legal limit (European Commission Directive 2002/72/EC) was still 600 μg/kg for polycarbonate bottles at the time of purchase, preceding the precautionary ban taking effect from 1 June 2011 (Commission Directive 2011/8/EU; Commission Regulation No. 321/2011). This confirms that the likelihood of migration of BPA is very low and remains at very minute amounts. The results also suggest the absence of release from PES bottles based on the set of bottles investigated.     

Migration of plasticisers from Tritan™ and polycarbonate bottles and toxicological evaluation

This study is aimed to compare Tritan™ and polycarbonate (PC) from a point of view of migration of monomers and additives and toxicological evaluation. Migration assays were performed according with Commission Regulation (UE) No. 10/2011. Samples were incubated at 40 °C for three consecutive periods of 10 days. Identification and quantification of the compounds intended to migrate was done using solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in scan mode. Compounds identified in Tritan™ were 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), bisphenol A (BPA), benzylbuthyl phthalate (BBP) and dimethyl isophthalate (DMIP) at levels from 0.027 ± 0.002 to 0.961 ± 0.092 μg/kg, although in the 3rd migration period, BBP and DMIP were the only compounds detected well below the specific migration limit. On the other hand, BPA was the only compound detected in PC polymers at a mean concentration of 0.748 μg/kg. In vitro bioassays for (anti)estrogenic, (anti)androgenic as well as retinoic acid- and vitamin D-like activity were negative for Tritan™ and PC migrates. BPA and DMIP were estrogenic in high concentrations. Exposure of the estrogen-sensitive molluskan sentinel Potamopyrgus antipodarum confirmed the estrogenic activity of BPA in vivo at 30 μg/L.     

Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide-coated magnetic nanoparticles for the preconcentration of phenolic compounds from environmental water samples

The research presented in this paper investigates the adsorption of cation surfactants--cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)--onto magnetic nanoparticles and the application of this mixed hemimicelles solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for the preconcentration of several typical phenolic compounds-bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tertoctylphenol (4-OP), and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-NP)--from environmental water samples. In this novel SPE method, the charged surfactants CTAB and CPC form mixed hemimicelles on Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs), which causes retention of analytes by strong hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The SPE method combines the advantages of mixed hemimicelles and magnetic nanoparticles. In order to provide guidelines forthe mixed hemimicelles SPE method development, surfactant adsorption isotherms and zeta-potential isotherms were also investigated. The main factors affecting the adsolubilization of analytes, such as the amount of Fe3O4 NPs and surfactants, the type of surfactants, the solution pH,the sample loading volume, and the desorption conditions, were investigated and optimized. A concentration factor of 800 was achieved by the extraction of 800 mL of several environmental water samples using this SPE method. Under the selected conditions, detection limits obtained for BPA, 4-OP, and 4-NP were 12, 29, 34 ng/L, respectively. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by recovery measurements on spiked samples, and good recoveries (68-104%) with low relative standard deviations from 2 to 7% were achieved. The advantages of this new SPE method include high extraction yields, high breakthrough volumes, short analysis times, and easy preparation of sorbents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a mixed hemimicelles SPE method based on magnetic separation and nanoparticles has been used for the pretreatment of environmental water samples.     

Migration of bisphenol A from plastic baby bottles,baby bottle liners and reusable polycarbonate drinking bottles

Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has recently received special attention. It has been shown that exposure to BPA may occur through the consumption of beverages or foods that have been in contact with polycarbonate (PC) plastic containers or epoxy resins in food packaging. A BPA migration study was conducted using a variety of plastic containers, including polycarbonate baby bottles, non-PC baby bottles, baby bottle liners, and reusable PC drinking bottles. Water was used to simulate migration into aqueous and acidic foods; 10% ethanol solution to simulate migration to low- and high-alcoholic foods; and 50% ethanol solution to simulate migration to fatty foods. By combining solid-phase extraction, BPA derivatization and analysis by GC-EI/MS/MS, a very low detection limit at the ng l^?1 level was obtained. Migration of BPA at 40°C ranged from 0.11 µg l^?1 in water incubated for 8 h to 2.39 µg l^?1 in 50% ethanol incubated for 240 h. Residual BPA leaching from PC bottles increased with temperature and incubation time. In comparison with the migration observed from PC bottles, non-PC baby bottles and baby bottle liners showed only trace levels of BPA. Tests for leachable lead and cadmium were also conducted on glass baby bottles since these represent a potential alternative to plastic bottles. No detectable lead or cadmium was found to leach from the glass. This study indicated that non-PC plastic baby bottles, baby bottle liners and glass baby bottles might be good alternatives for polycarbonate bottles.     

不同前处理方法对猪组织中喹诺酮类兽药残留检测效果对比

采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱和飞行时间质谱技术,比较EMR-L、Oasis PRiME HLB和液液萃取法对猪组织中16?种喹诺酮类兽药残留检测效果的影响。目标兽药以基质匹配工作曲线进行定量,在1.0～100.0?μg/L范围内线性关系良好,在5、10、20?μg/kg加标量条件下使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测,EMR-L和Oasis?PRiME?HLB方法处理的猪组织中加标回收率（71.7%～106.9%、70.7%～118.3%）、相对标准偏差（0.2%～16.8%、0.1%～17.8%）、定量限（0.13～0.56、0.27～1.36?μg/kg）和检出限（0.04～0.23、0.08～0.41?μg/kg）均满足方法学要求。针对不同基质成分样品,采用不同的前处理技术减少假阳性结果的产生,以适用于日益增长的动物源性食品兽药残留检测的需求。本研究采用的2?种方法操作简便、灵敏度高、重复性好,满足对猪组织中多兽药残留的定性、定量分析。     

石斑鱼中阿维菌素类药物多残留测定及食用安全风险评估

建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时定量检测石斑鱼血浆、肌肉组织、肝脏组织中阿维菌素、伊维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐方法。样品经乙腈提取,碱性氧化铝固相萃取柱和LC-C18固相萃取柱串联净化,Thermo Hypersil Gold C18色谱柱分离,10 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸溶液和乙腈梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测方式检测,基质匹配法外标定量。分别以环境水体中阿维菌素上下限质量浓度(4、8 ng/mL)、伊维菌素上下限质量浓度(6、12 ng/mL)作为受试质量浓度开展生物富集、消除实验,并对石斑鱼的食用安全进行了风险评估。结果表明,阿维菌素和伊维菌素在2.5~200 ng/mL范围内,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐在0.25~20 ng/mL范围内,线性回归系数均大于0.99。方法检出限分别为2.5、2.5、0.25 ng/mL(血浆),1、1、0.1μg/kg(肌肉组织),2.5、2.5、0.25μg/kg(肝脏组织),方法定量限分别为5、5、0.5 ng/mL(血浆),2、2、0.2μg/kg(肌肉组织),5、5、0.5μg/kg(肝脏组织)。3个添加量的平均回收率为74.6%~93.6%,日内相对标准偏差为2.3%~10.9%,日间相对标准偏差为9.2%~12.6%。阿维菌素、伊维菌素均属于非生物累积性物质,在石斑鱼体内代谢规律相同,均按一级动力学过程从体内消除。本研究条件下,环境水体中药物质量浓度是石斑鱼肌肉组织中药物残留质量浓度及消除时间的重要因素。为保证食用安全,环境水体中阿维菌素质量浓度达到4~8 ng/mL时,石斑鱼浸浴72 h后安全食用时间为22 d;环境水体中伊维菌素质量浓度达到6~12 ng/mL时,石斑鱼浸浴72 h后安全食用时间为39 d。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速筛查水产品中16 种激素残留

建立改良的QuEChERS前处理方法,结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱快速筛查水产品中16?种激素残留。样品均质后经体积分数1%乙酸-乙腈提取,氯化钠和无水硫酸镁盐析,正己烷脱脂和十八烷基键合硅胶吸附剂（C18）净化后,采用BEH?C18色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式检测。16?种激素在1～100?μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）为0.990?6～0.999?9,4?种不同水产品（南美白对虾、大黄鱼、梭子蟹、草鱼）在3?个添加水平下,回收率为53.6%～135.2%,相对标准偏差为0.93%～10.9%。方法检出限为0.2～2.7?μg/kg,方法定量限为0.8～8.2?μg/kg。建立的方法快速、准确,适用于水产品中激素的快速筛查。