玉米醇溶蛋白-芦丁复合纳米颗粒制备Pickering乳液及其特性研究

利用反溶剂沉淀技术制备富含芦丁的玉米醇溶蛋白纳米复合颗粒,并以此作为稳定剂一步均质制备Pickering乳液,随后对乳液稳定性和抗氧化特性进行了考察。结果表明:反溶剂沉淀技术有效促进玉米醇溶蛋白对疏水活性芦丁的高效包埋,不仅实现复合纳米级颗粒的制备,还保留了芦丁的抗氧化活性;相较于单独玉米醇溶蛋白稳定的乳液,玉米醇溶蛋白-芦丁复合纳米颗粒不仅提高了Pickering乳液的稳定性,还提高了其抗氧化能力,表明了玉米醇溶蛋白-芦丁复合纳米颗粒具有作为Pickering乳液稳定剂的潜力。     

玉米醇溶蛋白-多酚纳米颗粒对Pickering乳液稳定性的调控

pickering乳液由于具有良好的稳定性备受食品行业青睐。玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒(Zein Nanoparticles,ZNPs)作为Pickering乳液的一种新型乳化剂,具有公认安全、生物可降解、来源广泛等优势。多酚具有良好的抗氧化活性,它能与玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)相互作用形成玉米醇溶蛋白-多酚纳米颗粒(Zein-Polyphenol Nanoparticles,ZPNPs),调控其自组装行为。文中主要对ZPNPs的制备方法和机理进行了综述,并分析了这种纳米颗粒对乳液稳定性的影响,结果发现ZPNPs能提高pickering乳液的抗氧化能力,增加乳液体系的稳定性,这为乳液食品的发展提供了新思路。     

玉米醇溶蛋白/乳清蛋白纤维核复合纳米粒稳定 Pickering乳液的制备与性质

以玉米醇溶蛋白和乳清蛋白为原料,利用反溶剂共沉淀法制备玉米醇溶蛋白/乳清蛋白纤维核复合纳米粒,并与玉米油高速剪切制备Pickering乳液。探究了复合纳米粒在不同pH下的乳化性,以及复合纳米粒添加量对Pickering乳液粒径、微观形貌、储藏稳定性及流变学特性的影响。结果表明：玉米醇溶蛋白与乳清蛋白纤维核复合后乳化性显著提高,制备的Pickering乳液类型为水包油型;随着复合纳米粒添加量的增加,Pickering乳液粒径先减小后稍增大,添加量大于3 g（100 mL玉米油）后无显著性差异;在复合纳米粒添加量为4 g（100 mL玉米油）时,Pickering乳液油滴大小均一,储藏稳定性最好;Pickering乳液为假塑性流体,随复合纳米粒添加量的增加,表观黏度先减小后增大。     

没食子酸酯对核桃油及其乳液的抗氧化作用

研究了没食子酸（gallic acid，GA）及其烷基酯（没食子酸乙酯（GA-C2）、没食子酸丁酯、没食子酸辛酯、没食子酸月桂酯、没食子酸十六酯和没食子酸十八酯）在核桃油及其水包油乳液中的抗氧化性能。在水包核桃油乳液中，过氧化值（POV）、共轭二烯值、硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）值和茴香胺值的测定结果表明，GA及其烷基酯的抗氧化性能随烷基链长增加而上升，其中GA-C2的抗氧化性能最强，而后随链长增加而下降，呈“截断效应”。在核桃油中，POV和TBA值的测定结果表明，抗氧化性能随烷基链长度的增加而降低，符合“极性悖论”。作者探讨了不同油脂体系中GA及其烷基酯的烷基链长对抗氧化性能的影响，为选择适用于核桃油和水包核桃油乳液的抗氧化剂提供依据。     

基于静电纺丝法包封沙棘油纳米纤维的制备与表征

通过静电纺丝技术制备负载沙棘油（sea buckthorn oil,SBO）的玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）纳米纤维,并加入沙棘叶提取物（sea buckthorn leaf extract,SBE）以提升油脂稳定性和抗氧化性。在表征纳米纤维物理性状的基础上,分析其在加速氧化过程中色泽、过氧化值以及抗氧化活性的变化,并测定模拟消化过程中SBO的释放率和抗氧化活性。结果表明：Zein＋SBO和Zein＋SBO＋SBE的包封率均大于90%;扫描电子显微镜观察结果显示制备的Zein＋SBO＋SBE纳米纤维形态均一;傅里叶变换红外光谱确认了SBO在纤维中成功包封且分散均匀;热重分析结果表明SBO纳米纤维在300 ℃左右开始降解,有较高的耐热性;添加SBE后,纳米纤维的抗氧化性大幅提升,SBO的氧化被明显抑制,纳米纤维包封与SBE添加协同提升了SBO的贮藏稳定性;纳米纤维包封可实现SBO在胃肠条件下的缓慢释放,且Zein＋SBO＋SBE在消化后仍保留了较高的抗氧化活性。结论：添加SBE与物理包封是提高SBO稳定性和抗氧化性的有效方法。     

负载姜黄素的玉米醇溶蛋白-羧甲基壳聚糖纳米复合物的制备表征、体外消化及其抗氧化活性

该研究利用玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）和羧甲基壳聚糖（Carboxymethylchitosan,CMCS）,通过反溶剂法制备了负载姜黄素（Curcumin,CUR）的纳米复合物,以粒径、电位、包封率和多分散系数（PDI）等为指标优化了Zein/CMCS-CUR纳米复合物的制备条件。当Zein/CMCS与CUR的质量比为10:1时制备的纳米复合物粒径较小（95.37 nm）,其Zeta电位为-21.70 mV,包封率和负载量分别为96.63%和4.55%。采用傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和X射线衍射（XRD）探讨了Zein、CMCS和CUR之间的相互作用,利用透射电镜（TEM）、扫描电镜（SEM）观察了纳米复合物的微观形貌,结果表明氢键、静电和疏水相互作用是组装该纳米复合物的驱动力。姜黄素以非晶体状态成功包埋在Zein/CMCS复合物中,Zein/CMCS-CUR纳米复合物呈球形,且分布均匀。体外抗氧化和消化实验表明经纳米复合物包载后姜黄素仍然具有较强的抗氧化活性,并呈现明显缓释特性。该研究可以为姜黄素在功能性食品领域的应用提供了重要的理论基础。     

不同酚类与乳清蛋白共价交联对松仁油Pickering乳液的影响

将没食子酸（GA）和香草酸（VA）分别与乳清蛋白（WPI）进行共价交联制备复合物（WGA和WVA）,测定巯基含量、表面疏水性等理化指标并进行二、三级结构的表征。以复合颗粒为乳化剂制备松仁油Pickering乳液（WGAP和WVAP）,对Pickering乳液的粒径分布、流变学行为和脂质氧化产物生成量等指标进行表征,研究不同剂量和类型的酚类物质诱导表面疏水性的变化对Pickering乳液理化特性和氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明,WGA和WVP的巯基含量降低,表面疏水性显著增加（P<0.05）,WGA和WVA最大发射峰均红移到361.07 nm处,其中WGA的荧光强度猝灭率分别为91.05%,89.98%,94.02%,而WVA的荧光强度猝灭率分别为20.12%,27.49%,31.19%。与对照WPP相比,WGAP粒径分布的主峰位置集中于204.1～276.4 nm之间;WVAP粒径分布的主峰位置则集中于217.7～256.2 nm之间。WGAP和WVAP均属于假塑性流体,储能模量（G’）始终高于损耗模量（G’’）,均表现出抑制脂质氧化产物生成的能力。2种羟基苯甲酸类可不同程度地提高表...     

小麦醇溶蛋白/卵磷脂复合纳米粒子制备Pickering乳液研究

以小麦醇溶蛋白和卵磷脂为原料,利用pH循环法制备小麦醇溶蛋白/卵磷脂复合纳米粒子,并以此为稳定剂制备Pickering乳液。探究了纳米粒子质量分数、油相体积分数对Pickering乳液的粒径、微观形貌、乳析稳定性、储藏稳定性及流变学特性的影响。结果表明：制备的Pickering乳液为水包油型乳液。当小麦醇溶蛋白/卵磷脂质量比为2∶1时,Pickering乳液的乳化活性和乳化稳定性分别为9.33 m²/g和93.33%。固定油相体积分数为50%,当纳米粒子质量分数由0.1%增加到2.0%时,Pickering乳液的粒径由56.19μm减小到36.57μm,乳析指数由46.5%增加到91.0%;固定纳米粒子质量分数为1.5%,当油相体积分数由20%增加到60%时,Pickering乳液的粒径由31.43μm增大到38.79μm,乳析指数由54%增加到93%。流变学结果表明,乳液的表观黏度和弹性性能随着纳米粒子质量分数以及油相体积分数的增加而增加,且都具有剪切稀化的现象,形成了凝胶网络结构;环境应力稳定性实验表明,Pickering乳液具有良好的NaCl离子稳定性。     

玉米醇溶蛋白-葡萄糖美拉德反应产物制备姜黄素纳米颗粒

本文研究玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)和葡萄糖(Glu)在70%乙醇溶液中的美拉德反应,并对其反应产物(Zein/Glu MRP)在反溶剂法制备姜黄素纳米颗粒中的应用进行研究,结果表明,在70%乙醇溶液中,Zein和Glu发生美拉德反应。当以波长290 nm和420 nm处的吸光值为指标时,两者发生反应的最适条件为混合质量比3∶1、溶液pH 13、反应温度90℃、反应时间90 min。在此条件下的美拉德反应主要处于中间阶段,反应体系的pH值由13急剧降至7.85,可溶性蛋白质含量增加24.3%。以在上述最佳条件下制备的Zein/Glu MRP制备姜黄素纳米颗粒,与未改性的玉米醇溶蛋白相比,包埋效率提高22倍,且在乙醇溶液中具有较好的缓释性能;同时,其热稳定性和贮藏稳定性都得到显著提高。这表明:虽然玉米醇溶蛋白不溶于水,但是其在70%乙醇溶液中可与葡萄糖发生美拉德反应,且该反应对于玉米醇溶蛋白的功能性质及用反溶剂法制备的纳米颗粒的性能有显著的提高作用。     

醇溶蛋白复合胶体颗粒在稳定Pickering乳液制备中应用的研究进展

以醇溶蛋白作为基底复合的胶体颗粒是比较理想的稳定Pickering乳液材料。醇溶蛋白基二元/三元复合胶体颗粒是由醇溶蛋白与多糖、多酚或水溶性蛋白质结合形成的,具有稳定的物理化学性质和优越的功能。由于醇溶蛋白复合胶体纳米颗粒具有天然、无毒、食品工业可接受性和良好的乳液稳定性能等显著优势,因此是Pickering乳液领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了近年来醇溶蛋白基复合胶体颗粒稳定Pickering乳液的研究进展。着重介绍醇溶蛋白的特性与应用以及改性方式对醇溶蛋白特性的影响,为提高醇溶蛋白的加工适应性和醇溶蛋白的应用提供理论和应用参考。最后总结了醇溶蛋白基复合胶体颗粒稳定Pickering乳液的目前瓶颈和未来发展方向。     

玉米醇溶蛋白-多酚相互作用及复合物制备与表征

采用荧光分光光度计、紫外分光光度计等探究玉米醇溶蛋白与3种多酚在醇溶体系以非共价方式结合机理及其对蛋白质结构及抗氧化性的影响,并且通过浊度、粒径及微观形貌等指标对其形成的复合胶体颗粒进行表征,初步探讨多酚对玉米醇溶蛋白胶体颗粒自组装的影响.结果 表明:将多酚引入玉米醇溶蛋白体系后,蛋白质发生荧光猝灭现象,猝灭类型主要为...     

兼具抗氧化及抗菌活性的玉米醇溶蛋白肽制备及其乳化特性

采用胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶分别水解玉米醇溶蛋白,对其水解产物进行抗氧化、抗菌及乳化活性分析。针对具有较好双抗活性及乳化性能的木瓜蛋白酶水解组分,进一步采用?KTA蛋白纯化系统及反相高效液相色谱分离得到纯化组分。通过基质辅助激光解析电离四极杆飞行时间质谱对纯化所得肽进行氨基酸序列分析,得出其氨基酸序列为LLAH。玉米醇溶蛋白水解所得LLAH和化学合成LLAH表现出相当的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid),ABTS）阳离子自由基清除活性以及铁离子还原能力和乳化能力。两种LLAH均能抑制大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌的生长。LLAH稳定的乳液平均粒径为（263.4±3.5）nm,低于吐温-80稳定的乳液平均粒径（（286.8±3.5）nm）,前者的贮藏稳定性和氧化稳定性均高于吐温-80稳定的乳液,且对上述4 种受试菌株均表现出抑菌效果。LLAH的抗菌和抗氧化活性对其稳定乳液的稳定性具有积极贡献。研究结果对于开发新型玉米醇溶蛋白肽基功能性食品配料具有一定的参考价值。     

Preparation of pickering emulsion stabilised by Zein/Grape seed proanthocyanidins binary composite

This paper introduced a kind of binary composite particle constructed by zein particles and grape seed proanthocyanidins (PAs). The physicochemical performance of the zein/PAs complex colloidal particles (ZPAPs) was systematically evaluated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the interactions between zein and PAs were mainly hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The three-phase contact angle (θo/w) of zein particles was around 120.7 ± 0.7°, and it was decreased to 100.8 ± 0.6° after the addition of PAs, indicating that ZPAPs were more suitable for stabilising Pickering emulsion. ZPAPs stabilised peanut oil Pickering emulsion (ZPAPEs) at 0.5–0.7 (v/v) oil fractions had no obvious phase separation during a 30-day storage, indicating its good storage stability. Rheological results showed that ZPAPEs had excellent plasticity and viscoelasticity. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that particles had stably anchored on the surface of oil droplets which could effectively prevent from Ostwald ripening. The incorporation of PAs to zein endowed zein with stronger affinity, thus enhancing the stability of Pickering emulsion. This research constructed a new novel food-grade emulsifier to prepare Pickering emulsion with potential applications, and further broaden the bioavailability of PAs.     

Micro/nano emulsion delivery systems: Effects of potato protein/chitosan complex on the stability,oxidizability, digestibility and β - carotene release characteristics of the emulsion

The stability, antioxidant activity, digestibility and β - carotene sustained - release mechanism of Pickering emulsion stabilized by potato protein/chitosan (PP/CS) complex were investigated. The results exhibited that the isoelectric point of PP increased from 4.30 to 6.50 and 7.00 after adding 0.2% and 0.4% CS to improve its surface hydrophilicity, leading to a uniform dispersion of PP. Simultaneously, the average particle size of the emulsion stabilized by the PP showed a decrease from 5102.50 nm to 784.90 and 1268.50 nm and zeta - potential of the emulsion stabilized by the PP exhibited an increase from 40.63 to 48.50 and 53.73 mV after adding 0.2% and 0.4% CS to improve the stability of the emulsion. In addition, the emulsion stabilized by the PP/CS complex was found to have a smaller storage modulus (G′), loss modulus(G″), apparent viscosity and better physical stability, which was less affected by storage time, temperature and salt ion concentration. Moreover, the emulsion stabilized by the PP/CS complex exhibited better oxidation resistance. Furthermore, the emulsion stabilized by the PP/CS complex showed good anti-digestibility and slowed the sustained release rate of β - carotene. These results will provide a theoretical basis for the application of a novel food emulsifier PP/CS complex in nano - colloid delivery system.     

Antioxidant Pickering emulsions stabilised by zein/tannic acid colloidal particles with low concentration

Pickering emulsions are widely used as a carrier and protective systems in many fields for encapsulation-specific bioactive substances. In this current study, we fabricated an antioxidant Pickering emulsions stabilised by zein/tannic acid nanoparticle. Results showed that coalescence and creaming stability of the emulsion highly depended on the concentration of the particles and the zein to TA ratio in the formulation. A 0.3% concentration of zein and a 1:1 zein to TA ratio was found to exhibit optimal stabilising capability. Given the intrinsic antioxidant activity of tannic acid, which forms a protective shell, the oxidative deterioration of the oil in the emulsion could be significantly prevented. These data suggest that the ZTNPs established in the present study are a promising emulsifier in the Pickering emulsion. It is promising as a green, safe, high-performance particle stabiliser and a novel food ingredient for use in interface-oriented food systems.     

再生纤维素-乳清分离蛋白乳化液对乳化肠品质的影响

利用再生纤维素（regenerated cellulose,RC）-乳清分离蛋白（whey protein isolate,WPI）乳化液替代乳化肠中0%、33%、66%和100%的猪背膘,研究RC乳化液对乳化肠化学组成、颜色、蒸煮损失、质构、脂肪酸组成、脂肪氧化以及肉糜动态储存模量（G’）的影响。结果表明：随着RC-WPI乳化液含量的增加,乳化肠中脂肪含量和脂肪氧化程度显著降低（P＜0.05）,亮度值显著提高（P＜0.05）;与对照组（C）相比,替代66%（T2）组蒸煮损失显著降低（P＜0.05）;添加乳化液肉糜的动态G’高于对照组,替代33%（T1）和66%（T2）的猪背膘时,乳化肠的硬度、弹性和咀嚼性显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;随着替代比例的增加单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著提高,饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低（P＜0.05）。结果表明,RC-WPI橄榄油乳化液替代66%猪背膘时,可以提高乳化肠品质并且改善脂肪酸组成。     

Gallic Acid‐Loaded Zein Nanoparticles by Electrospraying Process

Currently, electrospraying is a novel process for obtaining the nanoparticles from biopolymers. Zein nanoparticles have been obtained by this method and used to protect both hydrophilic and hydrophobic antioxidant molecules from environmental factors. The objective of this work was to prepare and characterize gallic acid‐loaded zein nanoparticles obtained by the electrospraying process to provide protection to gallic acid from environmental factors. Thus, it was related to the concentration of gallic acid in physicochemical and rheological properties of the electrosprayed solution, and also to equipment parameters, such as voltage, flow rate, and distance of the collector in morphology, and particle size. The physicochemical properties showed a relationship in the formation of a Taylor cone, in which at a low concentration of gallic acid (1% w/v), low viscosity (0.00464 ± 0.00001 Pa·s), and density (0.886 ± 0.00002 g/cm³), as well as high electrical conductivity (369 ± 4.3 µs/cm), forms a stable cone‐jet mode. The rheological properties and the Power Law model of the gallic acid‐zein electrosprayed solution demonstrated Newtonian behavior (n = 1). The morphology and size of the particle were dependent on the concentration of gallic acid. Electrosprayed parameters with high voltage (15 kV), low flow rate (0.1 mL/hr), and short distance (10 cm) exhibited a smaller diameter and spherical morphology. FT–IR showed interaction in the gallic acid‐loaded zein nanoparticle by hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the electrospraying process is a feasible technique for obtaining gallic acid‐loaded zein nanoparticles and providing potential protection to gallic acid from environmental factors.     

提高大豆油水乳状液氧化稳定性的研究

为满足不同特殊人群的营养需求，可以设计不同的配方奶粉。富含不饱和脂肪酸的配方奶粉由于含有较高的不饱和脂肪酸油脂，容易出现脂肪氧化的质量问题。本文着重考察了配方粉在成粉前，引起乳状液的氧化的一些影响因素。结果表明，在有铁离了共存时，含花生四烯酸的大豆油水乳状液的脂肪氧化与铁离了成正相关，鏊合剂柠檬酸钠可以通过对铁离了的鏊合作用在起始阶段降低乳状液的氧化程度，抗氧化剂抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯抑制脂肪氧化主要体现在贮存后阶段。当二者联合应用时，在液体乳状液和固体粉状时都具有显著的抗氧化效果。     

Development of Antioxidant Packaging Material by Applying Corn‐Zein to LLDPE Film in Combination with Phenolic Compounds

Abstract: Functional active packaging materials were successfully developed by incorporating antioxidant agents into corn‐zein‐laminated linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) film. The minimum effective concentrations of the active compounds (for example, thymol, carvacrol, eugenol) were determined and these compounds were then laminated into LLDPE films to develop corn‐zein‐laminated films with antioxidant agents. The release rate of antioxidant agents in gas and liquid media were determined along with the mechanical and water barrier properties of the films containing these compounds. Tensile strength and percentage elongation at break were reduced in the corn‐zein‐laminated LLDPE films when compared to typical LLDPE film. Furthermore, the ability of the corn‐zein‐laminated films to repel moisture decreased by approximately 12.2%, but was improved by incorporating hydrophobic antioxidant compounds in the corn‐zein layer. Examination of release kinetics in the gas and liquid phases verified that antioxidants were effectively released from the films and inhibited oxidation during testing. Finally, the films were used for fresh ground beef packaging, and effectively inhibited lipid oxidation and had a positive effect on the color stability of beef patties during storage. These results indicate that the developed antioxidant films are a novel active packaging material that can be effectively implemented by the food industry to improve the quality and safety of foods. Practical Application: Zein protein, a by‐product of corn processing industry, was laminated into plastic films in combination with natural phenolic compounds to develop antioxidant packaging films. The films demonstrated their efficient release patterns of antioxidant compounds, which are suitable for packaging applications and food protection.     

大豆分离蛋白-高酯柑橘果胶-没食子酸复合Pickering乳液制备及其稳定性分析

以大豆分离蛋白、高酯柑橘果胶、没食子酸为原料,制备一种蛋白质-多糖-多酚复合物,利用单因素试验、正交试验优化复合物制备条件,并通过流变特性、粒径及分布、Zeta电位、乳液稳定性等分析手段对Pickering乳液稳定性能进行表征。结果表明：在pH 4.5、温度35 ℃、没食子酸含量40 mg时复合乳液的吸光度达到最大值3.082,此时大豆分离蛋白-高酯柑橘果胶-没食子酸结合最紧密;当油相体积分数为0.7时,Pickering乳液弹性和黏性最好,形成的较好凝胶网络结构,此时的电位为（－54.08±2.74）mV,平均粒径为（220.36±7.13）nm;与25 ℃常温贮存相比,Pickering乳液在4 ℃冷藏析乳现象更弱,油滴粒径变化更小,更有利于维持乳液稳定性;随热处理温度升高,乳液析乳情况逐渐增强,油相体积分数为0.7和0.8时,液滴粒径受温度变化不明显;冷冻会破坏复合物形成的界面层,随着油相体积分数升高和冷冻时间的延长乳液析油现象明显导致稳定性大大降低;随着pH值升高,析油现象逐渐明显,当乳液体系pH值接近4时,乳滴粒径最小且分布相对均匀;高浓度的盐离子会破坏复合物结合的紧密程度,液滴发生聚集,乳液析乳情况明显,稳定性下降。