PAN/MWNTs纳米纤维薄膜的制备和性能

采用浓硝酸和浓硫酸混合溶液将多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)进行功能化处理,与聚丙烯腈(PAN)共混,通过静电纺丝制备了PAN/MWNTs纳米纤维薄膜。分析了MWNTs的结构和分散性及PAN/MWNTs纳米纤维的性能。结果表明,经过混酸处理后,MWNTs表面产生了羧基官能团,可以长时间稳定均匀分散在N,N′-二甲基乙酰胺(DMF)溶液中。混酸处理后的MWNTs在PAN基体中均匀分散,减少了静电纺丝过程中珠滴地形成。添加MWNTs后,PAN纳米纤维的强度提高,含MWNTs质量分数5%的PAN纳米纤维的拉伸强度提高了35.48%。     

PAN/TiO2纳米纤维膜的制备与性能分析

通过静电纺丝和水热处理的方法成功制备了高效、可回收利用的聚丙烯腈/二氧化钛(PAN/TiO₂)纳米纤维膜。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和亚甲基蓝(MB)降解率等对PAN/TiO₂纳米纤维膜形貌、晶体结构、力学性能以及光催化活性进行表征。结果表明,钛酸四丁酯(TBT)的添加有效减小了纤维直径;水热处理成功将TBT转化为锐钛矿TiO₂,并且PAN/TiO₂纳米纤维膜强度均高于纯PAN;紫外光照射120 min后,纤维膜对MB光催化降解率最大可达到94.8 %,同时连续5次回收再利用后纤维膜仍保持良好的光催化活性。     

静电纺丝取向纤维的制备及其微结构

静电纺丝是一种简单、快捷的生产亚微米、纳米纤维的新技术。通过静电纺丝制备的取向纳米纤维在电学、磁学以及光学等方面具备独特的的物理性质,在国内外引起了广泛的关注。综述了近年采用静电纺丝技术制备取向纳米纤维的研究进展,同时概括目前得到的纳米纤维的取向结构。     

小麦蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维的制备及其表征

以小麦蛋白、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备小麦蛋白/PVA共混复合纳米纤维,重点研究纺丝液质量分数、电压、接收距离对纤维形态的影响,利用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X-射线衍射光谱对纤维的形态与结构进行表征。结果表明:在纺丝液质量分数10%、小麦蛋白与PVA质量比8∶2、电压12 kV、接收距离10 cm的条件下,可以制备平均直径为280 nm左右的均一、表面光滑的纳米纤维。小麦蛋白与PVA复合后,分子间以氢键结合。     

PVA/Au纳米复合纤维的制备及表征

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为还原剂和保护剂,采用PVA还原氯金酸(HAuCl4)制备纳米金(Au),一步法制备PVA/Au溶液,通过静电纺丝制备了PVA/Au纳米复合纤维.利用紫外可见光谱仪、透明电镜和扫描电镜对PVA/Au纳米复合纤维进行了表征.结果表明:随着HAuCl4浓度的增加,Au纳米粒子的粒径逐渐增大;HAuCl4...     

TiO2纳米纤维的电纺制备与表征

以PVP作为络合剂与Ti（C4H9O）4反应制得前驱体,采用静电纺丝法制得PVP／TiO2纳米复合纤维后在马弗炉中煅烧,并采用SEM、TG—DTA、XRD等对纳米纤维进行了表征。结果表明：适当增加Ti（C4H9O）4浓度、增加静电电压、减小喷射速度和升高煅烧温度,电纺丝纤维直径变细;PVP／TiO2复合纤维煅烧至550℃时得到的为纯TiO2;经400℃、600℃、700％、900％煅烧后分别得到开始出现锐钛矿型的TiO2、以锐钛矿型的TiO2为主、以金红石型的TiO2为主和完全金红石晶型的TiO2纳米纤维。     

聚乳酸/肉桂醛复合纳米纤维膜的制备及表征

采用水溶液饱和法制备了肉桂醛/β环糊精包合物,将其添加到聚乳酸（PLA）溶液中,利用静电纺丝技术制备PLA/肉桂醛复合纳米纤维膜。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)探讨了静电纺丝条件对PLA纳米纤维膜纤维直径及表面形貌的影响,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对PLA/肉桂醛复合纳米纤维膜做了特征官能团分析,并对其热力学性能、力学性能及抗菌性能进行了表征。结果表明,制备的PLA/肉桂醛复合纳米纤维膜纤维形态良好,平均直径为175 nm,FT IR研究显示肉桂醛与PLA之间属于物理混合。该复合纳米纤维膜热分解温度265.52 ℃,拉伸强度为2.45 MPa,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌都具有抑菌性,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌性最强。     

PVP/FF复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/二苯基丙氨酸(PVP/FF)复合纳米纤维;考察了FF含量、纺丝液流速对电纺纤维形貌及其平均直径的影响;利用扫描电镜对纤维表面形态进行了观察,通过X射线衍射和热重分析考察了纳米纤维中FF的存在状态及纳米纤维的热稳定性;通过全反射红外光谱分析了FF与PVP之间的相互作用。结果表明:当复合纤维中FF质量分数小于2%时,共混溶液的可纺性较好;复合纳米纤维直径随着FF含量的增大而先减小后增加,当FF的质量分数增加到5%时,复合纳米纤维的直径也相应增大;随着纺丝液流速的增大,复合纳米纤维的直径有逐渐增大的趋势,当纺丝液流速在0.2～0.6mL/h时,复合纳米纤维形貌较佳,纤维直径分布均匀,表面光滑无颗粒;PVP/FF复合纳米纤维中FF与PVP发生复合作用处于分散的无定形状态,分解温度范围变宽;FF与PVP之间具有良好的相容性。     

α-CD/PAN纤维膜的制备及其对Cu2+吸附性能的研究

用静电纺丝技术制备了α-CD/PAN纳米纤维膜,并通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对其进行了表征。系统考察了环糊精浓度和时间两个因素对铜离子吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明:α-环糊精(α-CD)中含有羟基,将此类分子引入至纳米纤维膜基质内可通过离子络合、表面吸附等物理化学作用来吸附降解水中的重金属离子,从而有效地提高聚合物纤维膜的吸附性。这一类纳米纤维膜是理想的吸附剂,它将在处理含有重金属离子的工业废水具有广阔的应用前景[1]。     

Preparation and characterization of carbon nanofiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites

The effect of CNFs on hard and soft segments of TPU matrix was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscope. The dispersion and distribution of the CNFs in the TPU matrix were investigated through wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), polarizing optical microscope (POM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the inclusion of CNF improved the thermal stability of virgin TPU. The glass transition temperature (T_g), crystallization, and melting behaviors of the TPU matrix in the presence of dispersed CNF were observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dynamic viscoelastic behavior of the nanocomposites was studied by dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and substantial improvement in storage modulus (E') was achieved with the addition of CNF to TPU matrix. The rheological behavior of TPU nanocomposites were tested by rubber processing analyzer (RPA) in dynamic frequency sweep and the storage modulus (G') of the nanocomposites was enhanced with increase in CNF loading. The dielectric properties of the nanocomposites exhibited significant improvement with incorporation of CNF. The TPU matrix exhibits remarkable improvement of mechanical properties with addition of CNF. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Synthesis and characterization of water‐soluble polypyrrole/multi‐walled carbon nanotube composites

Water‐soluble polypyrrole (PPy)/multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites were prepared by mixing chemically modified MWCNTs carrying carboxylic groups (c‐MWCNTs) and sulfonated PPy (SPPy) aqueous colloids in solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the resulting composites. Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectra demonstrate the presence of electrostatic interactions between the radical species of the SPPy and the carboxylic acid species of the c‐MWCNTs. The addition of c‐MWCNTs into SPPy efficiently enhances its thermal stability and electrical conductivity. Owing to the doping effect and one‐dimensional linear structure of the c‐MWCNTs, the conductivity of SPPy/c‐MWCNT composites at room temperature is increased by two orders of magnitude by the introduction of 5 wt% c‐MWCNTs into the SPPy matrix. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

静电纺丝法制备氮化镓纳米管

用静电纺丝法,研究了制备氮化镓纳米管的影响因素,并利用扫描电镜(SEM),透射电镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD)进行表征。结果表明,PVP浓度为14%,纺丝电压为12 kV,固化距离为12 cm时得到外径约600 nm内径约400 nm的纳米管前躯体;通过焙烧得到外径约300 nm内径约200 nm的纳米管氧化物;最后测试了其介电性能。     

PAN/PMMA共混制备纳米碳纤维的结构与性能

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为碳前驱体,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为热裂解聚合物,制备PAN/PMMA溶液共混体系,经湿法纺丝及碳化工艺制备了纳米碳纤维(CNFs);讨论了影响CNFs形态、尺寸的主要因素,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱和电导率测试等对CNFs进行了表征。结果表明:相对分子质量为8.0×10~4的PAN与PMMA以质量比30/70进行共混纺丝和碳化,可以得到CNFs;增加原丝的拉伸倍数有利于减小CNFs的直径,当拉伸倍数提高到6时,CNFs直径为50～150nm;碳化温度为800℃时,CNFs出现石墨相结构;提高碳化温度有利于CNFs石墨化结构的形成与电导率的提高。     

聚烯烃弹性体/聚丙烯热塑性弹性体的制备及力学性能

以过氧化物为硫化剂,用动态硫化法制备了聚烯烃弹性体(POE)/聚丙烯(PP)热塑性弹性体,研究了硫化剂用量、填料种类和加工次数对体系力学性能的影响。结果表明,增加硫化剂用量可以提高体系的拉伸强度,降低拉伸永久变形和压缩永久变形。碳酸钙和滑石粉对POE/PP体系无明显增强作用,炭黑的增强作用较此二者明显一些,这三种填料加入后都会使体系的扯断伸长率降低而硬度增大。加入石蜡油会使体系的扯断伸长率和压缩永久变形增大、硬度和拉伸强度降低。加工次数对POE/PP体系的力学性能无明显影响,说明体系具有较好的重复加工性能。     

Microstructure, nucleation and thermal properties of high-pressure crystallized MWCNT/nylon-6 composites

Multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/nylon-6 composites made by in-situ polymerization and subsequently modified by treatment at 1.0 GPa (or 1.7 GPa) and 530 K have been studied by WAXD, DSC and NMR. The pressure treatment gives an amorphous to crystalline transformation where the crystallinity increases from ∼31% to as much as ∼58% concurrently as the nylon-6 crystals increase in size and attain a preferred orientation relative to the applied pressure. A composite of 2.1 wt% purified MWCNT in nylon-6 shows significantly higher melting temperature than neat nylon-6 after identical pressure treatments. The improved thermal stability of the composite is attributed to crystal growth in the presence of reinforcing MWCNTs. The NMR spectrum of a pressure treated composite is similar to that of nylon-6 single crystals, which suggests a reduction of crystal boundaries after treatment, but there is no indication of covalent bonds between the nylon-6 chains and the MWCNTs.     

多壁碳纳米管/聚酰亚胺复合材料制备及其性能研究

聚酰亚胺的前聚体,聚酰胺酸,是通过4,4-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)与3,3,4,4二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)反应制备的.未改性的、酸改性和胺改性的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)被分别地单独加入到聚酰胺酸溶液中,并加热至300℃,从而制成聚酰亚胺/碳纳米管复合材料.扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)的显微...     

Preparation and characterization of polydiphenylamine/multi‐walled carbon nanotube composites

We describe the synthesis of methane sulfonic acid (MeSA)‐doped poly(diphenylamine) (PDPA) with carboxylic groups containing multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (c‐MWNTs) via in situ polymerization. Diphenylamine monomers were adsorbed on to the surface of c‐MWNTs and polymerized to form PDPA/c‐MWNT composites. SEM and TEM images indicated two different types of materials: the thinner fibrous phase and the larger globular phase. The individual fibrous phase had a diameter around 100–130 nm, which should be the carbon nanotubes (diameter 20–30 nm) coated with a PDPA layer. The structure of PDPA/c‐MWNT composites was characterized by FTIR, UV‐visible spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction patterns. The electrical conductivities of PDPA/c‐MWNT composites were much higher than that of PDPA without c‐MWNTs. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

皮克林乳液法制备聚柠檬酸酯/多壁碳纳米管导电弹性体

以羟基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)为粒子型乳化剂,与聚柠檬酸-1,8-辛二醇-co-Pluronic F127酯(POFC)预聚体乳液混合,形成类似皮克林乳液的分散液,并通过溶液浇铸及真空固化得到POFC/MWCNT导电弹性体.结果表明:MWCNT与POFC预聚体超声混合后可形成稳定的乳液,其固化成形后使最终的POFC...     

基于聚丙烯腈/苯并噁嗪的柔性碳纳米纤维薄膜的制备及其电化学性能研究

通过将苯并噁嗪、聚丙烯腈(PAN)和乙酰丙酮铁共同静电纺丝的方式制备了柔性良好的碳纳米纤维薄膜.结果表明,引入结构设计的苯并噁嗪可以有效地将N、O、S等杂元素引入碳纳米纤维薄膜,从而有效地提高电极的赝电容特性及电解质对电极的浸润性.并在此基础上,进一步将环境友好且赝电容特性明显的Fe3O4沉积在所得碳纳米纤维薄膜上,最...