高通量测序技术探究驴乳粉对皮肤细胞的影响

基于RNA-seq技术探究驴乳与角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞的相互作用。驴乳分别与角质形成细胞、成纤维细胞共孵育后,采用RNA-seq筛选差异表达基因（DEGs）,进行GO和KEGG富集分析。驴乳作用角质形成细胞后共筛选出819个DEGs,其中420个上调基因,399个下调基因。GO富集分析显示,差异表达基因参与与表皮发育、角质细胞分化、角化等生物学过程。KEGG富集分析显示,驴乳作用角质形成细胞涉及的分子机制包括IL-17信号通路、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用、金黄色葡萄球菌感染等。驴乳作用成纤维细胞后共筛选出507个DEGs,其中298个基因上调,209个基因下调。GO富集分析显示,驴乳参与成纤维细胞的细胞黏附的正调控、脂质定位的调节、脂质转运的调节等生物学过程;KEGG结果显示,驴乳作用成纤维细胞涉及的分子机制包括细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用和c GMP-PKG信号通路等。为阐明驴乳对皮肤细胞功能的分子作用机制提供了科学依据。     

蜂胶复方产品对心肌肥厚改善机制的转录组学研究

为了利用转录组学研究蜂胶复方产品改善心肌肥厚的机制,以自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)为研究对象,连续给药35d后剖取心脏、测定左心室指数,对药效最佳组和模型组的心肌进行转录组测序,筛选出差异基因(DGEs),并进行GO富集和KEGG代谢通路分析。结果表明:蜂胶复方产品组与模型对照组有1 297个DEGs(91个DEGs上调、1 206个DEGs下调)。KEGG代谢通路结果显示,有410个DEGs可富集到182个代谢通路中,DEGs富集较多的前3个通路与胰岛素信号转导密切相关,分别是PI3K-Akt信号通路、胰岛素信号通路、MAPK信号通路,提示该蜂胶复方产品通过调控与胰岛素信号转导相关的信号通路从而改善SHR的心肌肥厚。     

异麦芽酮糖减少小鼠肝脏脂肪堆积的关键基因筛选与验证

为筛选和验证异麦芽酮糖减少小鼠肝脏脂肪堆积的关键基因，本研究利用Limma软件包对异麦芽酮糖和蔗糖饲喂22周的雄性小鼠肝脏转录组数据进行差异表达分析（GSE54723，n=14），共筛选出49个DEGs，通过Metascape软件对DEGs进行GO功能富集分析和KEGG信号通路分析，使用Cytoscape软件和WGCNA软件包构建基因共表达网络，取重叠基因搜寻关键节点基因，挖掘得到10个关键节点基因Pnliprp1、Prss2、Clps、Tff2、Pnlip、Ctrl、Cpa1、Cel、Dmbt1、Vil1，基因功能分析表明Pnlip、Pnliprp1、Cel、Clps与脂质代谢相关。qPCR结果显示，异麦芽酮糖组肝脏组织中这4个与脂质代谢相关基因的表达量显著高于蔗糖组，通过比较正常人和非酒精性脂肪肝患者肝脏组织转录组数据中上述基因的表达量（GSE163211，n=318），发现正常人Pnlip、Pnliprp1、Cel、Clps基因表达量亦显著（P<0.05） 高于病例组。本研究揭示了异麦芽酮糖通过上调Pnlip、Pnliprp1、Cel、Clps的合成促进脂肪分解从而降低肝脏脂质的积累，为异麦芽酮糖影响肝脏脂质代谢的分子机制研究提供了理论支撑。     

基于RBL-2H3模型分析过敏反应效应细胞激活的差异基因

构建IgE介导的大鼠嗜碱性粒细胞（rat basophilic leukemia，RBL）-2H3作为过敏反应细胞模型，并利用转录组测序分析比较RBL-2H3细胞激活前后的转录组基因差异，富集相关信号通路。IgE介导的RBL-2H3细胞激活后，过敏介质和细胞因子分泌显著提高；转录组测序得到RBL-2H3细胞激活前后的232 个差异表达基因，其中有127 个（54.74%）可进行基因功能注释；RBL-2H3细胞激活主要影响肿瘤坏死因子、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、Janus激酶-信号转导与转录激活子、Toll样受体等信号通路，涉及的转录因子有MAP3K8、Nfkbia、Junb、Jun、Fos等。本研究建立了IgE介导的过敏反应体外细胞模型，并且通过对效应细胞转录组信息的全面分析和潜在靶点及信号通路的富集为过敏性疾病的防控治疗提供参考。     

基于网络药理学的葡萄籽油抗癌和抗肿瘤功能成分及机制研究

通过文献检索和TCMSP 数据库获取葡萄籽油主要活性成分信息及相应的靶蛋白,通过Genecards、OMIM 数据库筛选出癌症和肿瘤相关靶点,借助Venn 在线平台获取药物与疾病的共同靶点,运用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件构建“活性成分-疾病靶点”网络图。使用String 数据库绘制蛋白互作 （PPI）网络,利用David 数据库对关键靶点进行基因本体（Gene Ontology,GO）功能富集及KEGG信号通路分析。研究基于网络药理学方法探讨葡萄籽油抗癌和抗肿瘤的功能成分及作用机制。结果显示,共筛选出葡萄籽油活性成分15种,获得靶点236个,从疾病数据库获得癌症和肿瘤相关靶点686个,通过Venn图获得药物与疾病共同靶点93个,PPI网络分析表明葡萄籽油抗癌和抗肿瘤的关键靶点依次为信号转导子、转录激活子3、丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶1、丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶3、细胞肿瘤抗原p53等。GO功能分析获得P < 0.05的生物学过程477条,主要参与调控酶结合、蛋白质结合、转录因子结合、蛋白质异二聚活性、转录调控区DNA结合等生物学功能。KEGG通路富集分析获得P < 0.05的通路113条,涉及NOD样受体信号通路、MAPK信号通路、p53信号通路、ErbB信号通路、mTOR信号通路、VEGF信号通路、Wnt信号通路等经典信号通路。研究预测葡萄籽油抗癌和抗肿瘤的功能成分及作用靶点、生物学过程与富集通路,揭示其作用机制,为葡萄籽油抗癌作用的进一步研究提供参考。     

口服人参茎叶皂苷减缓环磷酰胺诱导的氧化应激作用研究

本研究旨在探讨白术多糖（PAMK）对环磷酰胺（CTX）诱导的小鼠肾脏损伤的影响及潜在的作用机制。选用100只42~43日龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为四组,白术多糖（PAMK）组和白术多糖+环磷酰胺（PAMK+CTX）组灌胃200 mg/kg PAMK,1次/d;对照（Control）组和环磷酰胺（CTX）组给予等量的生理盐水。实验第25~27 d,CTX组和PAMK+CTX组腹腔注射100 mg/kg CTX,1次/d;Control组和PAMK组注射等量生理盐水。实验第35 d采集肾脏进行组织学观察,氧化应激检测和转录组测序。结果显示,与CTX组相比,PAMK+CTX组肾脏损伤有所缓解;肾脏中丙二醛量显著下降（P<0.05）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性和总抗氧化能力显著升高（P<0.05）。为了进一步探究PAMK缓解CTX诱导肾损伤的调控机制,本实验进行了肾脏转录组测序。结果显示,在Control组vs CTX组和CTX组vs PAMK+CTX组分别鉴定到493个和333个差异表达基因（DEGs）。两组DEGs功能富集分析结果发现DEGs富集在花生四烯酸代谢等信号通路。花生四烯酸通路相关基因检测结果显示,与Control组相比,CTX组Cyp2b9 、PTGS1、NF-κB和Mfsd2a mRNA表达量显著升高（P<0.05）;与CTX组相比,PAMK+CTX组Cyp2c65 、BCL6 mRNA表达量显著升高（P<0.05）,Cyp2b9 、PTGS1 和Mfsd2a mRNA表达量显著降低（P<0.05）。综上所述,PAMK可能通过花生四烯酸代谢通路缓解小鼠肾脏氧化应激,从而降低CTX诱导的小鼠肾脏损伤。

     

澳洲坚果油脂对脂多糖诱导小鼠肠道损伤的改善作用研究

澳洲坚果油（MO）富含单不多饱和脂肪酸，尤其是棕榈油酸，具有多种生物活性。本研究采用脂多糖（LPS）构建小鼠肠道损伤模型，研究澳洲坚果油脂对肠道损伤的改善作用及其机理。将小鼠随机分为4组：对照组（CON）、MO组（2.5 mL/（kg·d））、LPS组（5 mg/kg）、LPS+MO组，检测小鼠空肠组织病理变化、抗氧化指标、Toll样受体4/细胞核转录因子（TLR4/NF-κB）基因炎性因子、空肠组织病理学变化、细胞凋亡及炎症通路关键因子表达水平。结果表明：澳洲坚果油改善了LPS诱导的小鼠肠道病理形态；与LPS组相比，LPS+MO组显著增强了总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）水平（P<0.01），降低了丙二醛（MDA）水平（P<0.01）；LPS+MO组TLR4和NF-κB mRNA转录水平以及NF-κB蛋白表达水平显著低于LPS组；MO显著抑制了LPS诱导的肠道促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-a）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）表达水平（P<0.01）。因此，澳洲坚果油具有改善LPS诱导的小鼠急性肠道损伤作用，与提高肠道抗氧化水平和抑制TLR4/NF-κB通路有关。     

单增李斯特菌感染RAW264.7细胞转录组差异表达分析

为了探讨单核细胞增生李斯特菌（Listeria monocytogenes,LM）感染前后RAW264.7细胞基因表达谱变化,筛选关键功能基因和通路,为探究其致病机制奠定基础,本研究以感染复数（MOI）10的LM 感染RAW264.7细胞6 h后,提取细胞RNA进行转录组测序,选取感染组与对照组相比差异倍数≥1.5且P<0.05的差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析,并通过RT-qPCR验证部分差异基因。转录组结果显示RAW264.7细胞在感染LM前后有1 782 个基因差异表达,其中上调为989,下调为793。GO分析结果主要涉及免疫系统过程、免疫反应、细胞程序性死亡调控等。KEGG分析结果显示,显著富集的通路有细胞因子-受体相互作用、肿瘤坏死因子信号通路、IL-17信号通路等。RT-qPCR验证试验结果显示,随机选择的11 个显著差异基因表达倍数趋势与测序结果一致。该研究为进一步深入研究LM的致病机制奠定了基础。     

基于转录组学分析酸胁迫影响鼠伤寒沙门氏菌耐酸能力的机理

目的：探究酸胁迫和非酸胁迫条件下鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（Salmonella typhimurium）的转录组反应,分析差异基因（differentially expressed genes,DEGs）表达水平,阐明酸胁迫影响鼠伤寒沙门氏菌耐酸反应（acid tolerance response,ATR）的相关代谢通路。方法：对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌进行酸胁迫处理,利用转录组测序技术和生物信息学分析相关DEGs,并通过实时聚合酶链式反应（real-time polymerase chain reaction,real-time PCR）进行验证。结果：经酸胁迫后,共筛选到683 个DEGs,其中上调343 个,下调340 个。其中涉及细胞运动、氨基酸代谢、细胞膜组成等通路上调能够使鼠伤寒沙门氏菌快速适应酸环境;碳水化合物代谢相关通路上调能够为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌快速适应酸环境提供更多的能量,与此同时,嘧啶代谢等能量代谢通路下调能够使鼠伤寒沙门氏菌降低能量消耗以维持上述的必需代谢过程;细菌应激调控相关通路上调赋予鼠伤寒沙门氏菌交叉保护抗性;鞭毛、外膜蛋白、脂多糖等毒力相关基因表达上调增强了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的毒力。real-time PCR验证结果与转录组测序分析表达趋势一致。结论：酸胁迫显著提高了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的耐酸能力,其中与代谢和细胞过程相关的通路发挥主要作用,本研究结果为进一步了解该菌的酸胁迫反应及更好地控制其在食品中的污染提供了理论依据。     

羧甲基茯苓多糖对肠癌小鼠生命延长及对环磷酰胺的减毒作用

目的：研究羧甲基茯苓多糖（carboxymethyl pachymaran,CMP）对结肠癌（CT26）小鼠的生命延长及对环磷酰胺（cyclophosphamide,CTX）的减毒作用。方法：建立小鼠CT26皮下移植瘤模型,减毒增效实验分为：模型组、CTX组、CMP＋CTX组;延长生命实验分为：模型组、CMP低、中、高剂量组。检测外周血白细胞（whiteblood cell,WBC）数、骨髓有核细胞（bone marrow nucleated cell,BMNC）数、肿瘤抑制率、脏器指数以及肿瘤组织中信号调节蛋白-α（signal regulatory protein-α,SIRP-α）和巨噬细胞表面标志物（F4/80）的表达,统计生命延长率和中位生存期。结果：CMP抑制CTX化疗所致的脾脏和胸腺指数的降低及WBC和BMNC数量的减少,拮抗肝脏指数升高,降低SIRP-α和F4/80的表达,并延长小鼠带瘤生存时间。结论：CMP明显减轻CTX的毒副作用,且具有调节肿瘤免疫相关蛋白表达和延长CT26小鼠带瘤生存时间的作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press