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食盐(氯化钠)不仅包含人体必需的微量营养素(钠),而且还是烹饪和食品工业中使用最广泛的调味品之一。目前,中国成年人每天的钠摄入量远高于世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)推荐摄入量的上限。全民减少食盐的摄入将有助于改善公共健康,因此,WHO和世界盐与健康行动(World Action on Salt and Health, WASH)等国际权威机构建议大幅减少食盐的摄入。然而,降低食品中含盐量并非易事,因为食盐不仅会影响最终产品的风味和质地,而且在食品的加工和保藏过程中也起着重要的作用。该文综述了全球的减盐行动,以及减少食品中钠含量的不同方法,包括直接逐步减盐、使用替代盐和增味剂、以及食盐在食品中非均匀分布等。介绍了用于食品减盐的新兴技术,例如超声、高压处理、电渗析和旋转蒸发技术等。最后,总结并讨论了各种减盐方法的优势和存在的问题。 相似文献
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食盐是食品工业和居民日常生活中广泛使用的调味品,其主要成分氯化钠的过量摄入会增加高血压、胃癌、脑卒中等疾病的患病风险。如何在不影响食品口味的条件下减少含盐量是目前的研究热点。固体形式的氯化钠是日常膳食食盐摄入的重要部分,改善固体氯化钠结构及食盐成分是开发低盐食品的有效方法。本文在详细探讨咸味感知机理和机体内钠吸收代谢机制的基础上,对近年来国内外与氯化钠结构调控及成分设计有关的减盐策略进行综述,讨论减少食品含盐量而不影响咸味的各项技术,如调控氯化钠物理结构(形貌和粒径)、包埋氯化钠、添加氯化钠替代物(咸味矿物盐、风味增强剂和天然呈味物质),并分析不同结构及成分食盐的减盐原理、缺点和适用场景,为未来设计新型食盐产品,开发减盐健康食品,减少居民膳食盐摄入量,提高居民健康水平提供理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
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随着生活水平的提高,人们的饮食习惯逐渐趋向“健康化”发展。如何平衡“健康”与“美味”的关系,调味这一加工环节至关重要。咸味是5种基本味觉之一,人们日常生活中主要通过添加食盐来达到增咸的目的。食盐在人类生活中发挥着重要的作用,但是过量的钠离子摄入会导致许多心血管疾病。在全球范围内,许多国家或地区的卫生组织均倡议低钠盐饮食,因此在不影响食品风味品质的前提下减少食盐添加量成为目前研究的一大热点。本文围绕咸味感知和减盐研究现状,重点针对咸味肽进行详细介绍,包括咸味肽的来源、制备、纯化鉴定、协同增效作用和应用前景,为咸味肽的开发和应用提供依据和支撑,推动减盐行动。 相似文献
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本文试图验证双孢菇提取物对鸡汤、鱼汤、骨汤三种肉汤的减盐效果。通过感官确定三种肉汤中双孢菇提取物协助减盐后的食盐添加量;测定三种肉汤中游离氨基酸、5′-核苷酸的含量,利用描述性感官分析、时间强度感官评价及电子舌比较双孢菇提取物协助减盐前后三种肉汤的咸味强度及其口感差异;研究双孢菇提取物协助减盐对三种肉汤总体滋味及减盐增鲜的影响。结果表明:双孢菇提取物协助减盐能显著提高肉汤中游离氨基酸和5′-核苷酸的含量且TAV值有所增加;感官实验表明,双孢菇提取物对三种肉汤均能起到减盐作用,且能延长咸味在口腔中的持续时间,总体风味强度增强。这说明双孢菇提取物在三种肉汤中均能起到减盐效果,其中在鱼汤中应用效果最佳,直接减盐可达33%。实现在三种肉汤减盐不减咸的目标。 相似文献
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调味品是食品调味过程中的必需品,同时也是人体摄入盐分的主要来源。盐摄入过多会带来健康隐患,但减盐会降低食品的咸味和鲜味,从而降低食品品质。本文综述在减盐同时保证咸味、鲜味及其协调性的技术手段。减盐技术包含减少钠盐添加量、非钠盐替代物及增强咸味感知等方法,增鲜技术包含添加酵母抽提物、鲜味肽及鲜味氨基酸和肽的衍生物等方法。此外,乳酸菌、美拉德反应中间体、增味剂、呈味肽等的应用亦可达到减盐增鲜的双重效果。减盐增鲜技术的应用能够促进调味品行业的发展,但这些技术尚存在基础研究不足、实际应用较少、应用范围较窄、生产成本高等问题,解决这些问题是当前所面临的主要困难。本文详细阐述调味品减盐增鲜技术的基本原理、特点、目前研究存在的不足等,提出未来可能的发展方向,以期为调味品的减盐增鲜研究提供参考。 相似文献
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食盐在人们的日常饮食中不可或缺,也在食品工业中发挥重要作用。一系列监测数据表明,人们日常食盐摄入量远高于世界卫生组织建议的5 g/d。高盐饮食带来的健康风险在世界范围内得到广泛关注,降低居民每日食盐摄入量已达成共识。随着各国政府和世界卫生组织的一系列措施干预,食品减盐已取得初步效果。文章介绍了包含直接减少食盐用量、优化食盐物理结构和改变食盐分布形态、添加咸味增强剂、使用非钠盐替代、多感官协同作用、改进加工工艺及多种措施协同作用等方法在内的减盐措施,并对它们的减盐效果和应用前景进行阐述。分别从以钠基计和以氯基计两个方面评述了13种食品中氯化钠含量的检测方法,主要介绍了它们的测试原理、前处理方法改进和应用范围,以期为食品减盐措施和氯化钠检测技术的深入研究提供有价值的参考。 相似文献
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干腌肉制品因其独特的风味而深受消费者的喜爱,但较高的含盐量制约了其进一步发展。随着人们对适度低盐饮食的关注,如何在保证产品品质和安全性的同时实现减盐的目的成为该领域的研究热点。本文在分析钠盐含量与干腌肉制品品质关系基础上,从钠盐替代物、真空/超高压/超声波/脉冲电场等新型腌制技术、增强咸味感知技术3 个方面综述当前的低盐加工策略及技术,并探讨不同减盐方法的减盐机制、咸味感知机理以及对产品品质特性的影响,指出现有研究和技术的局限性,以期为低盐干腌肉制品的研发提供一定的理论和技术参考。 相似文献
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食盐对肉制品品质的形成具有实质性意义,不仅能够提高肉制品的保水性,而且对肉制品的质地也可以起到良好改善效果。但是高盐饮食会给人们的身体健康带来严重风险,所以要适当减盐,这也是研究减盐技术的主要目的。基于此,本文对减盐技术的应用展开分析,提出降低食盐添加量、改变食盐物理形态、应用食盐替代物等措施,以期为提高减盐技术的应用水平提供参考。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: In recent years, health concerns related to salt/sodium chloride consumption have caused an increased demand for salt-reduced foods. Consequently, sodium chloride (NaCl) reduction in foods has become an important challenge. The more so, since a decrease in NaCl content is often reported to be associated with a decrease in consumer acceptance. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether or not it would be possible to reduce the NaCl content in standard Western European foods by replacing it with naturally brewed soy sauce. Three types of foods were investigated: salad dressing ( n = 56), soup ( n = 52), and stir-fried pork ( n = 57). In the 1st step, an exchange rate (ER) by which NaCl can be replaced with soy sauce without a significant change in the overall taste intensity was established per product type, by means of alternative forced choice tests. In the 2nd step, the same consumers evaluated 5 samples per product type with varying NaCl and/or soy sauce content on pleasantness and several sensory attributes. The results showed that it was possible to achieve a NaCl reduction in the tested foods of, respectively, 50%, 17%, and 29% without leading to significant losses in either overall taste intensity or product pleasantness. These results suggest that it is possible to replace NaCl in foods with naturally brewed soy sauce without lowering the overall taste intensity and to reduce the total NaCl content in these foods without decreasing their consumer acceptance.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Health concerns related to salt consumption cause an increased demand for salt-reduced foods. Consequently, the development of foods with reduced salt content without decreasing the consumer acceptance is an important challenge for the food industry. A new possible salt reduction approach is described in the present article: The replacement of salt with naturally brewed soy sauce. 相似文献
PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Health concerns related to salt consumption cause an increased demand for salt-reduced foods. Consequently, the development of foods with reduced salt content without decreasing the consumer acceptance is an important challenge for the food industry. A new possible salt reduction approach is described in the present article: The replacement of salt with naturally brewed soy sauce. 相似文献
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食盐是发酵肉制品加工过程中不可或缺的腌制材料,具有提供咸味、抑菌、提高加工及品质特性等作用。为了抑制发酵过程中致病菌和腐败菌生长,保证产品安全性,发酵肉制品常需高含量盐分。但摄入过多的食盐会对人体健康产生负面影响,因此,降低发酵肉制品中食盐的添加量势在必行。本文简单介绍了食盐在发酵肉制品中的作用及其对微生物的影响,论述了低盐处理对肌肉蛋白和脂质水解、氧化作用以及品质形成的影响,最后综述了常用的减盐手段,以期为发酵肉制品减盐研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Enhancing sodium release from the food matrix, thus increasing saltiness perception, is a promising strategy to reduce the amount of salt needed in foods. However, the complex nature of the effect of the food matrix on saltiness perception makes it difficult to control saltiness perception when designing food products. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the food matrix effects on saltiness perception of sodium chloride. The effects are discussed in the order of 3 stages in saltiness perception: release of sodium from food matrix into oral cavity (1st stage), delivery of sodium within oral cavity (2nd stage), and detection of sodium by the taste receptor cells (TRCs) (3rd stage). In the 1st stage, the food matrix affects the initial availability of sodium to be released, and also affects the spontaneous and facilitated migration of sodium from the matrix into the oral cavity. In the 2nd stage, the food matrix affects the availability of sodium and the mixing efficiency of sodium with saliva. The relationship between food matrix and oral processing of food that may affect the sodium release (1st stage) and the delivery (2nd stage) is also discussed. In the 3rd stage, the food matrix affects the physical availability of sodium for the TRCs, the physiological activity of TRCs, and the central activities involved in the perception process. Based on the understanding of complex nature of the matrix effects on saltiness perception discussed in this review, the properties of food matrix may be controlled effectively to enhance saltiness perception and achieve sodium reduction. 相似文献