生姜提取液对鲜切马铃薯贮藏品质的影响

以鲜切马铃薯为原料,探索不同浓度的生姜提取液对其贮藏品质的影响,试验采用0.05%、0.10%、0.50%和1.00%的生姜提取液浸泡鲜切马铃薯,以蒸馏水为对照,在4℃下贮藏5 d,通过测定失重率、褐变度、可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性来综合评价生姜提取液的最佳浓度。结果表明,0.50%生姜提取液对鲜切马铃薯的贮藏品质维持最好。0.50%生姜提取液处理能显著降低鲜切马铃薯的失重率和褐变度,减缓还原糖的上升速率,减少了可溶性固形物的损耗,有效抑制了PPO活性,较好地保持了鲜切马铃薯的品质,延缓了鲜切马铃薯的褐变。因此,生姜提取液可以作为鲜切马铃薯的护色保鲜剂。     

异抗坏血酸钠处理对鲜切兰州百合贮藏品质的影响

目的:延长鲜切兰州百合贮藏期。方法:以兰州百合为原材料,经鲜切加工处理后,采用0(CK),1,5,10 g/L的异抗坏血酸钠(SI)溶液进行浸泡处理,分析贮藏过程中鲜切兰州百合的品质变化。结果:10 g/L的SI浸泡处理可以更好地维持鲜切兰州百合鳞片的亮度,贮藏21 d时,褐变度、可溶性糖和丙二醛含量分别比CK组低23%,8%,45%。在贮藏结束时,SI处理组的多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和脂氧合酶活性分别为97.22,0.09,11.89 U/g,显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。电子鼻分析表明,SI处理对贮藏期间鲜切兰州百合的风味有调节作用。结论:SI浸泡处理是一种操作简便,经济安全的采后处理技术,可以延缓鲜切兰州百合氧化褐变,从而维持其贮藏品质。     

真空包装结合低温处理对鲜切菠萝贮藏品质的影响

以巴厘菠萝为试材,研究真空包装结合低温处理对鲜切菠萝贮藏期内可溶性固形物含量、失水率、褐变度、硬度、有机酸含量、维生素C含量以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。结果表明:和对照组相比,真空包装结合3 ℃低温贮藏有效的保持了鲜切菠萝的品质,整个贮藏期间鲜切菠萝的失重率减少了4.31%~7.22%;褐变度降低了1.4~2.6;果实硬度提高了4.07~7.51 N;总可溶性固形物20 d时处理组比对照组高1.48;另外,经处理组处理后,相比对照组PPO活性降低了10.33~44.52 U·min-1·g-1 FW;POD活性前8 d降低了19.36~27.25 U·min-1·g-1 FW,有效的降低了酶活性,防止鲜切菠萝褐变的发生和维生素C的氧化,20 d时处理组维生素C的含量比对照组高8.44 mg/100 g,经处理后贮藏,鲜切菠萝的保质期从4 d延长到11 d。     

近冰温贮藏对真空包装鲜切莲藕色泽与气味物质的影响

目的 分析近冰温（0 ℃）贮藏对真空包装鲜切莲藕的色泽和气味物质的影响。方法 真空包装鲜切莲藕分别贮藏于0 ℃、4 ℃、8 ℃,在0 d、2 d、4 d、6 d、8 d测定其褐变度、色度、多酚氧化酶活性、总酚含量、气味物质等指标。结果 在贮藏期间,鲜切莲藕的褐变度、色差、多酚氧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、总酚含量与贮藏温度呈正相关。相同贮藏时间下,0 ℃贮藏鲜切莲藕的褐变度、色差值、多酚氧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、总酚含量最小,L*值最大。鲜切莲藕的挥发性气味物质有68种,主要是醇类、烯类等。随着贮藏时间和温度增加,醇类含量随之增多。结论 近冰温贮藏可以有效延缓鲜切莲藕的褐变,保持色泽,抑制酶活性,降低异味物质产生,能够较好地保持鲜切莲藕的品质。     

精准温度处理对鲜切莲藕褐变、生理和品质的影响

为了明确精准温度处理对防褐变剂处理后鲜切莲藕褐变、生理和品质的调控作用,采用防褐变剂（质量分数1.0%无水柠檬酸+0.1%抗坏血酸钙+0.2% L-天门冬氨酸）处理鲜切莲藕,在相温（?0.5±0.1）℃、冰温（?0.5±0.3）℃和冷藏（4±1）℃的条件下贮藏,研究不同精准温度对鲜切莲藕表观色泽、褐变底物与相关酶活性、生理指标和营养品质的影响。结果表明,贮藏6 d时,精准温度（相温、冰温）处理可以延缓L*的降低、a*和褐变度的增加,抑制总酚的下降和褐变相关酶多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性,其中相温贮藏维持鲜切莲藕原有色泽最佳。在贮藏过程中,精准温度（相温、冰温）处理能够抑制鲜切莲藕呼吸强度、乙烯生成速率、相对电导率和丙二醛含量上升,同时延缓鲜切莲藕还原糖的升高和V_C含量的下降。通过SPSS综合评分显示,相温组综合得分最高,主成分分析显示,相温组与多酚氧化酶、相对电导率、褐变度、丙二醛、a*的相关性较低。因此,相温贮藏更好地延缓鲜切莲藕贮藏期间褐变的发生并维持其品质。     

热水处理对鲜切马铃薯生理和品质的影响

以鲜切马铃薯为试验材料,研究鲜切马铃薯在35℃10 min的热水处理和对照组(CK)下生理指标和品质指标的变化。结果表明:在低温(4℃)贮藏条件下,35℃10 min的热水处理显著抑制了鲜切马铃薯的失重率和呼吸强度,维持了较高的白度和可溶性固形物含量,有效地保持了细胞膜的完整性,抑制了多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,从而改善了鲜切马铃薯的贮藏品质,延缓了鲜切马铃薯的褐变。     

乙醇及热处理对鲜切荸荠褐变的影响

以延缓鲜切荸荠在贮藏过程中的褐变并延长其货架期为 目的,研究了贮藏温度为4℃时,乙醇浸泡及热处理对鲜切荸荠色差、褐变度、总酚含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶等指标的影响.结果表明,几种处理延缓鲜切荸荠褐变效果为:联合处理＞乙醇处理＞热处理.与对照组相比,乙醇处理中PAL和POD的活性较低,热处理及联合处理组...     

超声波-纳米氧化锌处理对鲜切莴笋贮藏品质的影响

为提高鲜切莴笋的贮藏品质,该研究采用超声波(300 W, 45℃;ultrasonic, US)、纳米氧化锌(0.07 g/L;ZnO nanoparticles, ZN)、超声波协同纳米氧化锌(300 W, 46℃, 0.07 g/L;ultrasonic+ZnO nanoparticles, UZ)3种方法对鲜切莴笋进行保鲜处理(10 min),后在4℃冷藏8 d,以评价其贮藏品质的变化。结果表明,3种处理方法均可以有效提高鲜切莴笋的保鲜效果,其中US处理组的营养物质含量和表观颜色显著高于对照组,而ZN处理组的失重率和硬度显著高于对照组。相较于单一处理组,UZ处理更能抑制多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)和过氧化物酶活性的升高,提高抗坏血酸含量和抗氧化能力,从而减少鲜切莴笋褐变和水分流失,延缓可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸和可溶性蛋白质含量的下降,控制硬度和感官评分维持在较高水平,贮藏8 d后UZ处理样品的褐变指数比US、ZN和CK处理分别降低了21.91%、31.12%和37.55%,呼吸强度比US、ZN和CK处理分别降低了17.66%、20.49%和...     

苹果多酚处理对鲜切芋艿品质的影响

为了控制鲜切芋艿贮藏过程中的褐变并延长其货架期,研究（10.0±0.5）℃条件下,蒸馏水（CK）和不同质量分数（0.3%、0.5%、0.7%）苹果多酚浸泡处理对其色泽、硬度、糖类物质含量、总酚含量、丙二醛含量及褐变相关酶活力的影响。结果表明：苹果多酚处理能够延缓芋艿切片贮藏过程中的褐变进程,其中以0.5%苹果多酚处理的效果最佳;与CK组相比,0.5%苹果多酚处理可以保持芋艿切片较好的色泽和较高的硬度,延缓苯丙氨酸解氨酶活力和总酚含量的升高,抑制芋艿过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、脂氧合酶活力和丙二醛含量的升高,从而延缓鲜切芋艿贮藏过程褐变的发生,保持鲜切芋艿较好的贮藏品质。     

1-甲基环丙烯联合壳聚糖对鲜切马铃薯保鲜效果的影响

本研究为了分析鲜切马铃薯的贮存特性以及确定鲜切马铃薯贮存的最适条件,用1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）和壳聚糖联合处理鲜切马铃薯。固定1-MCP浓度为2 μL/L,然后设置壳聚糖含量分别为0.1%、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%处理鲜切马铃薯,在8 ℃条件下贮藏,通过对鲜切马铃薯贮存品质指标以及呼吸强度等生理生化特性的研究,探讨鲜切马铃薯的保鲜效果。结果表明,1-MCP+1.5%壳聚糖处理效果最佳,它能维持较低的呼吸速率,维持较高的过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,延缓了丙二醛（MDA）的积累,抑制多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性和褐变,保持维生素C含量;其次是1-MCP+1.0%壳聚糖处理,其后依次是1-MCP+1.0%壳聚糖、1-MCP 、1-MCP+0.5%壳聚糖、1-MCP+0.1%壳聚糖处理,而空对照（CK）的处理效果是最差的。本研究结果表明,1-MCP+1.5%壳聚糖处理可以很好的保鲜鲜切马铃薯。     

山药切割生理生化特性研究

以新鲜山药为试验材料,对不同品种的山药在贮藏过程中的生理生化特性进行了研究。结果表明:贮藏过程中各种山药褐变程度变大;切割后出现2个呼吸高峰;多酚氧化酶出现先上升后下降的趋势,过氧化物酶是逐渐上升的趋势,苯丙氨酸解氨酶呈现上升趋势,其中毛山药和牛腿山药上升趋势比较明显.综合考虑,毛山药适合鲜切贮存。     

杀菌剂对鲜切西兰花的保鲜作用

为探讨不同杀菌剂对鲜切西兰花的保鲜效果,以次氯酸钠、二氧化氯和酸性电解水三种杀菌剂对鲜切西兰花进行处理,在4℃下贮藏,研究了不同杀菌剂对鲜切西兰花品质的影响,并对各项指标作了相关性分析。实验结果表明:三种杀菌剂对于延缓西兰花可溶性固形物含量、叶绿素含量和Vc含量的下降具有显著的效果(p0.05),可显著降低呼吸强度和水分的损失,并在一定程度上提高了过氧化物酶(POD)活性,降低了丙二醛(MDA)活性,能有效抑制微生物生长繁殖。从贮藏效果来看,以酸性电解水杀菌效果最好,酸性电解水能最大程度的延缓营养物质的流失,延迟鲜切西兰花呼吸高峰和POD活性高峰的到来,最大程度的抑制微生物生长繁殖,从而达到延长鲜切西兰花货架期的目的。     

大葱及葱丝的贮藏保鲜研究

采用不同防腐保鲜剂、O3 处理大葱和葱丝 ,并采用不同保鲜膜包装后在 0℃条件下贮藏 ,以确定大葱和葱丝的最佳保鲜技术条件。结果表明 :大葱采用果蔬烟熏保鲜剂处理后并使用打 16个孔的 0 0 3mmPVC保鲜膜包装 ,在 0℃条件下具有最佳贮藏保鲜效果 ,可使大葱贮藏 4个月。葱丝采用托盘小包装并结合果蔬烟熏保鲜剂处理和使用乙烯吸收剂 ,在 0℃条件下可贮藏 3 0d ,品质无明显变化     

低温等离子体处理提高鲜切西兰花贮藏品质

本文以鲜切西兰花(Brassica oleracea)为试材,采用低温等离子体(Cold Plasma,CP)处理,分析CP处理对鲜切西兰花保鲜效果的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,CP能有效杀灭西兰花表面的细菌;贮藏5 d,CP处理的鲜切西兰花的硬度、粘力和咀嚼性分别为44.45 kg/cm2、12.51和139.88 ...     

鲜切生菜质量安全研究进展

鉴于鲜切生菜的质量安全直接关系到消费者的健康,本文通过介绍鲜切生菜加工和贮运过程中存在的主要质量安全问题,着重表述化学、物理及联合杀菌研究,褐变及营养素控制及质量安全预测模型研究,提出今后的研究方向与思路,以期能为我国鲜切生菜质量安全控制研究与应用提供参考。     

紫外线处理对鲜切菜生理的影响

将紫外线照射引入鲜切菜的鲜切加工过程,通过研究紫外线不同照射时间对维生素C、呼吸强度、失重率和可溶性蛋白的影响,得出鲜切菜合适的杀菌方法和保藏措施。实验表明：当照射40rain时,Vc的保存率高、呼吸强度降低、失重率较小、可溶性蛋白含量高。     

Microbiological hazards involved in fresh‐cut lettuce processing

BACKGROUND: The increasing consumption of produce all over the world has resulted in increasing concern by the regulatory agencies with respect to the level of safety performed by the processors. The objective of the present study was to investigate the hazards involved in the various steps of fresh‐cut lettuce processing (reception/selection of raw material, washing, rinsing, sanitisation and final product) by means of microbiological analyses of microbial groups used as indicators of hygienic conditions and of pathogens. RESULTS: High microbial loads of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. were found in the ram reception (～6 log colony‐forming units (CFU) g^?1), which were reduced by a single logarithmic cycle for the last two microbial groups after the sanitisation step (P < 0.05), the latter being ineffective against the first microbial group (P > 0.05). Lower counts of yeasts and moulds, total coliforms (35 °C) and faecal coliforms (44 °C) were observed in the initial step (3.49–4.53 log CFU g^?1, 0.65–1.55 log most probable number (MPN) g^?1 and 0.50–0.90 log MPN g^?1 respectively), these values increasing significantly after the sanitisation step for yeasts and moulds (～5 log CFU g^?1) but remaining unaltered for coliforms (P > 0.05). Salmonella spp. were not found in any of the experiments carried out, while the presence of Escherichia coli was observed in the final product. CONCLUSIONS : Practices compromising the hygienic quality of the final product during commercial storage were observed and corrective measures suggested. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these are the first data on microbiological safety in Brazilian fresh‐cut processing plants. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effectiveness of ozone and acidulant treatments in extending the refrigerated shelf life of fresh-cut potatoes

Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of acidulant dip treatments (with or without aqueous ozone) to reduce enzymatic browning and to extend the shelf life of fresh‐cut potato slices during refrigerated storage (4 °C) for 28 d. Potato slices subjected to aqueous ozone (2 ppm) had significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher L‐values and lower a‐values, but ozone did not appear to have any effect on aerobic plate counts (APCs) or polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. NatureSeal (NS) and sodium acid sulfate (SAS) were the most effective acidulant treatments in reducing browning (significantly [P≤ 0.05] higher L‐values, lower a‐values, and browning index values) regardless of ozone treatment. NS and SAS also had lower PPO activity compared to other treatments on days 0 and 28, and significantly (P≤ 0.05) lower APCs (≤2.00 log CFU/g) over refrigerated storage. Therefore, the SAS treatment was comparable to NS, a commercially available product, and showed promise as an effective antibrowning dip to reduce browning and spoilage in fresh‐cut potato products. Practical Application: A 1% SAS dip treatment which included 1% citric and 1% ascorbic acid was found to be an effective antibrowning dip for fresh‐cut potatoes along with NatureSeal®'s PS‐10, compared to other treatments. They were both effective in maintaining low microbial counts over refrigerated storage. Additionally, aqueous ozone washes (2 ppm) showed significant benefits to reduce browning; however, ozone did not affect microbial counts or PPO enzyme activity. Therefore, the SAS treatment could have potential use in the fruit and vegetable industry to reduce browning and spoilage in fresh‐cut potato products.     

Edible coatings enriched with essential oils for extending the shelf‐life of ‘Bravo de Esmolfe’ fresh‐cut apples

Edible coatings based on sodium alginate (AL) and pectin (PE) at 1% and 2%(w/v) enriched with eugenol (Eug) and citral (Cit) at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) (0.10% and 0.15%) and double MIC were used to preserve the quality of fresh‐cut apples ‘Bravo de Esmolfe’. Samples were taken, through 14 day at 4 °C, for analysis of colour CIE(L*h°C*), firmness, °Brix, weight loss, antioxidant activity (TEAC), microbial growth and taste panels. With those quality characteristics, three groups were formed by the principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis, for each coating base (AL or PE). Based on, for each quality parameter measured, the mean closest value to the one at harvest for colour, higher value for firmness, °Brix and TEAC, and lower value for weight loss and microbial spoilage, the best group was selected for AL and PE. From each group, two edible coatings with the highest scores in overall acceptability were selected for fresh‐cut apples: AL2% + Eug 0.1%, AL2% + Cit 0.15% + Eug 0.1%, PE 2% + Cit 0.15% and PE 2% + Eug 0.2%.