蜂蜜艾尔精酿啤酒酿造工艺研究

以澳洲淡色艾尔大麦芽、澳洲水晶焦香麦芽、酒花和蜂蜜为原料,选用上面发酵的WB06型艾尔酵母进行发酵,酿制蜂蜜艾尔 精酿啤酒。以感官评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验和响应面试验研究了原麦汁浓度、发酵温度、葡萄糖添加量及蜂蜜添加量对蜂蜜 艾尔精酿啤酒感官品质的影响。结果显示,蜂蜜艾尔精酿啤酒的最佳酿造工艺条件为：原麦汁浓度12.56 °P,发酵温度18 ℃,葡萄糖添 加量7 g/L,蜂蜜添加量3.05%。 采用该工艺条件酿造的蜂蜜艾尔精酿啤酒产品,各项指标符合GB/T 4927—2008《啤酒》中特种啤酒质 量要求,啤酒的感官评分为96.64分,酒体呈琥珀色,泡沫丰富细腻,挂杯持久,麦香、酒花、蜂蜜香气协调,口感细腻,酒体饱满。     

仙人掌果精酿啤酒发酵工艺及其品质分析

以仙人掌果、大麦芽、酒花等为原料,开发仙人掌果精酿啤酒。采用单因素试验探讨仙人掌果汁添加量、原麦汁浓度、酒花添加量对仙人掌果精酿啤酒感官评价的影响,应用正交试验确定发酵工艺,并对其品质分析。结果表明,发酵过程中各因素对感官评价的影响大小为:仙人掌果汁添加量酒花添加量原麦汁浓度;最佳发酵工艺为:仙人掌果汁添加量5%、原麦汁浓度12°P、酒花添加量为0.20%。此工艺制得仙人掌果精酿啤酒的感官综合得分为92.6分,其理化指标和卫生指标均符合国家标准,是一款独具特色的精酿啤酒。本研究结果为仙人掌果精酿啤酒的工业化生产提供技术支撑。     

响应面法优化浑浊IPA酿造工艺

以加麦麦芽,燕麦片,小麦及酒花为主要原料,选用Londonale酵母,在发酵过程中进行酒花干投,酿制浑浊度较高的IPA。以感官评分为主要评价指标,通过对燕麦比例、酵母添加量、酒花添加量等单因素试验,研究其对浑浊IPA感官品质的影响,并建立相应的响应面模型优化浑浊IPA的酿造工艺条件。结果表明:酒花添加量对浑浊IPA的影响最大,浑浊IPA最佳工艺参数为燕麦比例15%,发酵温度20℃,封罐后酒花干投量6 g/L。使用此最佳工艺参数得到的啤酒的感官评分为91.5分,颜色成琥珀色,酒体浑浊,突出浓郁的热带水果味,而苦度普遍比较收敛,易于入口,酒体醇厚。     

西瓜啤酒制作工艺的研究

以西瓜汁和大麦芽为主要原料,采用啤酒独特的低温发酵工艺酿制西瓜啤酒。通过单因素试验和响应面分析试验,以感官评分为评价标准,结合理化指标研究了西瓜汁添加量、西瓜汁添加时间和原麦汁浓度对西瓜啤酒品质的影响。确定了西瓜啤酒的最佳发酵工艺条件为：西瓜汁添加量14.0%,在发酵的第4.5天添加西瓜汁,原麦汁浓度11.2°P。在此条件下,进行了400 L发酵罐的验证试验,获得了一种具有西瓜清爽口感和啤酒典型口感的西瓜果味啤酒。     

玫瑰香型格瓦斯工艺优化及香气成分分析

以大麦芽、焦香麦芽和玫瑰花等为原料,研制玫瑰香型格瓦斯。利用单因素和正交试验对玫瑰香型格瓦斯的原料配比和发酵工艺进行优化,并采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(SPME-GC-MS)分析其挥发性风味成分。试验结果表明,最佳发酵工艺为:大麦芽与焦香麦芽质量比9∶1、料水比1∶8(g/mL)、菌种添加量2%、接种体积比(酵母菌∶乳酸菌)2∶1、发酵时间16 h、玫瑰浸提液添加量18%,同时添加糖化酶2%、酒花0.2%、白砂糖1%、柠檬酸0.1%。玫瑰香型格瓦斯香气物质共有92种,其主体香气物质主要是苯乙醇、异戊醇、辛酸乙酯、丁香酚等。     

石榴精酿啤酒酿造工艺优化的研究

以石榴和大麦芽为主要原料,对石榴精酿啤酒进行发酵工艺优化。通过单因素试验研究原麦汁浓度、石榴汁添加量、石榴汁添加时间对石榴精酿啤酒品质的影响,以响应面法进行优化设计,以感官评分为响应值,进行发酵工艺优化。最佳发酵工艺为:原麦汁浓度为11.2 °P、石榴汁添加量为11.3%、石榴汁添加时间为主发酵第5天,在此条件下进行100 L发酵罐放大试验,获得了一款外观呈宝石红色,泡沫洁白细腻,口味纯正,酸甜爽口,有明显酒花香气的精酿啤酒。     

白啤酒的研制

[概述]白啤酒又称小麦啤酒,它是以小麦芽为主要原料(≥40%),大麦芽和少量谷类为辅料,添加酒花经上面啤酒酵母或下面啤酒酵母发酵酿制而成的含有 CO_2的低酒精的饮料酒。     

裙带菜保健啤酒研究

研究在麦汁中添加裙带菜粗提液的啤酒发酵条件,考察了裙带菜粗提液的除腥方法,探讨了裙带菜粗提液的添加量、添加方式、酵母接种量及酒花添加量对裙带菜啤酒发酵的影响。实验得到的活性炭除腥最适条件为：活性炭添加量2%,温度60℃,处理时间50 min,发酵法有明显的除腥效果。正交实验得到的最佳发酵条件为：裙带菜粗提液添加量为6%,在第7天时加入,酵母接种量为15×106个/mL,酒花添加量为0.06%。采用最佳工艺条件发酵的啤酒酒精度为2.2%vol,双乙酰含量为0.137 mg/L,产品风味良好。     

牛蒡营养啤酒开发

以牛蒡为辅料制备牛蒡保健啤酒最佳工艺,采用正交试验设计研究牛蒡汁添加方式、牛蒡汁与麦汁比例、发酵温度对啤酒风味的影响.结果表明,牛蒡汁与麦汁比例为2:8,在后酵时添加,主发酵温度为24℃,牛蒡啤酒的质量最好.此法酿制的啤酒具有大麦芽啤酒的风味,富舍牛蒡中多种氨基酸,具有一定营养价值.     

啤酒中高级醇的影响因素及降低其含量的措施

啤酒中高级醇的影响因素包括原料（麦芽、辅料比、酒花）、糖化工艺（麦汁的α-氨基氮含量、可发酵性糖含量、pH值、浓度、溶氧量）及发酵工艺（酵母菌种、酵母的增殖倍数、酵母接种量和酵母活性、发酵温度、发酵压力、发酵度）等。降低啤酒中高级醇含量的措施有：采用优质的原料和优良的酵母菌种，制订合理的糖化发酵工艺，实施低温发酵、高温还原双乙酰工艺。     

Brewing with Rice Malt — A Gluten‐free Alternative

The preparation of beer‐like beverages with rice malt as the only raw material is reported. Several tests were performed on a laboratory scale and in a 25 L‐capacity pilot plant. Both the decoction and the infusion procedure were tested; malt and water were mixed in a ratio 1:3.5 for both methods and the mash was brewed without adding exogenous enzymes. The obtained worts were fermented using bottom fermenting yeasts, while “beers” were re‐fermented utilizing top fermenting yeasts and adding either sterile wort or sugar. A maximum ethanol of 4.5% vol. was obtained after the primary fermentation from an initial wort with an original gravity of 11.8°Plato. All parameters of the beer were found to be acceptable using a standard beer analysis. Owing to a suitable hop addition, an aroma very similar to that of a normal beer was obtained.     

基于顶空气相-离子迁移谱技术对不同酵母发酵的百香果果啤香气比较

酵母菌种对啤酒的风味与品质有着重大的影响.本文以皮尔森麦汁、啤酒花、啤酒酵母、百香果原浆和水等为主要原料酿造百香果果啤,采用气相-离子迁移谱(Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS)技术测定不同啤酒酵母(S-04、US-05、S-33、CS31和CN36)...     

不同种类麦芽对下面发酵啤酒酿造风味的影响

为了从源头控制下面发酵啤酒的发酵生产并提高其品质,通过啤酒发酵模拟体系,系统评价英国麦芽（Eng）、加拿大麦芽（Can）和德国麦芽（Ger）对下面发酵啤酒酿造风味的影响。分别测定了3种麦芽的品质指标及所酿啤酒的理化指标;并采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）和气相色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）法检测了所酿啤酒中风味物质组成和含量上的差异。结果表明,加拿大麦芽的库尔巴哈值（45%）、浸出率（≥77%）、糖化力（414 WK）和α-氨基酸态氮（118 mg/L）等品质指标和酒精度（2.97%vol）、原麦汁浓度（8.63 °P）、实际浓度（2.76%）、外观浓度（1.17%）、实际发酵度（67.97%）和外观发酵度（86.41%）等所酿啤酒的理化指标适中,啤酒中风味物质种类多样（75种）、相对含量丰富（271.82%）、比例协调,是最适合酿造Lager啤酒的麦芽种类。该结果可为高品质啤酒的工业化生产提供理论依据。     

比利时/德国小麦啤酒风味物质差异研究

以大麦芽、小麦芽和未发芽的小麦为原料,添加酒花、橘皮和芫荽籽,使用上面发酵酵母No.303,酿造比利时风格和德国风格小麦啤酒。该研究介绍了两种风格小麦啤酒的酿造工艺,对两种风格的成品小麦啤酒进行风味物质检测分析以及感官品评,探讨了比利时风格小麦啤酒和德国风格小麦啤酒风味物质的差异。结果表明,比利时风格小麦啤酒乙醛含量更为适宜（约为2.6 mg/L）,高级醇和乙酸含量较高（分别为113 mg/L和160 mg/L）,酯类物质含量偏低（约为50 mg/L）,成品啤酒橘香味突出,但酯香味不够充足;德国风格小麦啤酒乙醛和酯类物质含量略高（分别为3 mg/L和63 mg/L）,高级醇含量稍低（约为104 mg/L）,乙酸含量适宜（约为135 mg/L）。     

响应面法优化修道院强烈艾尔啤酒酿造工艺的研究

以皮尔森麦芽、特种麦芽和酒花为原料,选用上面艾尔酵母BE-256经二次发酵,酿制高酒精度的修道院强烈艾尔啤酒。 以感 官评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验研究发酵温度、加糖量及酒花干投量对啤酒感官品质的影响,在此基础上以感官评分为响应值, 建立响应面模型优化啤酒酿造的工艺条件。 结果表明,修道院强烈艾尔啤酒的最佳酿造工艺条件为发酵温度20 ℃,加糖量3.04%,酒 花干投量0.42 g/L。 在此优化条件下,啤酒的感官评分为92.8分,外观呈琥珀色,泡沫丰富细腻,香气宜人,酒体醇厚,杀口力强。     

Differences in protein content and foaming properties of cloudy beers based on wheat malt content

To investigate differences in protein content, all barley malt beer, wheat/barley malt beer and all wheat malt beer were brewed, and the protein during mashing, wort, fermentation and beer determined. It was shown that protein was mainly extracted during mashing and the protein rest phase, decreased in the early stages of fermentation and remained almost steady during wort boiling and cooling, in the middle and late stages of fermentation. By separating beer foam from beer, similar protein bands of 51.7, 40.0, 27.3, 14.8, 6.5 and < 6.5 kDa appeared in the three beers, defoamed beers and beer foams using the sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Quantitatively, protein bands of 6.5–14.8 and <6.5 kDa had the highest contents in the three beers. Unique bands at 34, 29.2, 23.0, 19.7 and 17.7 kDa were found in beer, defoamed beer and beer foam from wheat beer and all‐wheat malt beer, respectively. Wheat beer foam showed the best foam stability and the protein in all barley malt beer showed the best migration to the foam. The beer foam properties were influenced by not only protein content but also protein characteristics and/or origin. It is suggested that the barley malt contributed the beer foam ‘skeleton protein’ while protein components from wheat malt kept the foam stable. © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

不同总酸含量的麦芽对啤酒理化特性及风味的影响

选用不同总酸含量的麦芽酿造啤酒,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测麦芽及酿造啤酒中的有机酸含量,以建立麦芽总酸和啤酒有机酸含量的相关性。采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)法检测啤酒中挥发性化合物成分,并对酿造的啤酒进行感官评价。结果显示,随着麦芽总酸含量的升高,麦汁pH值呈下降趋势,琥珀酸、苹果酸、乳酸和乙酸的含量呈上升趋势。麦芽总酸含量与啤酒中总酸、苹果酸、乳酸含量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.94、0.94和0.92。不同总酸含量麦芽酿造啤酒特征香气物质不尽相同,且感官特征有差异。随着麦芽总酸含量的升高,酿造啤酒的酸味得分呈现升高趋势,花/果香、酚香、酒精刺激感得分呈下降趋势。     

Impact of Dark Specialty Malts on Extract Composition and Wort Fermentation

Dark specialty malts are important ingredients for the production of several beer styles. These malts not only impart colour, flavour and antioxidative activity to wort and beer, they also affect the course of wort fermentations and the production of flavour‐active yeast metabolites. The application of considerable levels of dark malt was found to lower the attenuation, mainly as a result of lower levels of fermentable sugars and amino acids in dark wort samples. In fact, from the darkest caramel malts and from roasted malts, practically no fermentable material can be hydrolysed by pilsner malt enzymes during mashing. Compared to wort brewed with 50% pilsner malt and 50% dark caramel malt or roasted malt, wort brewed with 100% pilsner malt contained nearly twice as much fermentable sugars and amino acids. Reduced levels of yeast nutrients also lowered the fermentation rate, ranging from 1.7°P/day for the reference pilsner wort of 9 EBC to 1.1°P/day for the darkest wort (890 EBC units), brewed with 50% roasted malt. This additionally indicates that lower attenuation values for dark wort are partially due to the inhibitory effects of Maillard compounds on yeast metabolism. The application of dark caramel or roasted malts further led to elevated levels of the vicinal diketones diacetyl and 2,3‐pentanedione. Only large levels of roasted malt gave rise to two significant diacetyl peaks during fermentation. The level of ethyl acetate in beer was inversely related to colour, whereas the level of isoamyl acetate appeared to be affected by the use of roasted malt. With large levels of this malt type, negligible isoamyl acetate was generated during fermentation.     

响应面法优化帝国世涛啤酒酿造工艺的研究

以感官评分为主要评价指标,通过单因素和响应面试验,对帝国世涛啤酒酿造工艺参数（原麦汁浓度、发酵温度、白砂糖添加量）进行优化。结果表明,原麦汁浓度对帝国世涛啤酒品质的影响最大;帝国世涛啤酒的最佳工艺参数为：原麦汁浓度16 °P,发酵温度21 ℃,白砂糖添加量5.1%。在此最佳工艺条件下,帝国世涛啤酒的感官评分为95分,各项理化指标均符合啤酒国家标准;所酿造的帝国世涛啤酒呈现浓黑色,泡沫绵密而扎实,复合香气协调浓郁,酒体厚重,余味绵长,同时具有很强的包容性。