降胆固醇益生菌发酵剂的制备

以前期筛选出来的降胆固醇益生菌嗜酸乳杆菌S-59为出发菌株,对冻干发酵剂的制备工艺进行研究和优化。结果表明:菌悬液的离心收集条件为5 000 r/min、20 min;通过单因素试验和响应面优化试验,确定冻干保护剂为脱脂乳8.95%、海藻糖5.24%、甘油4.54%,细胞存活率可达90.1%。冻干发酵剂的保藏条件为在真空条件下-4℃保藏。     

传统腊肠中降胆固醇降甘油三酯益生菌的筛选及鉴定

从传统腊肠中筛选高效的降胆固醇降油三酯的益生菌,并对其进行菌种鉴定。通过平板分离、降胆固醇降甘油三酯能力测定,从传统腊肠中分离筛选出1株胆固醇降解率65.23%、甘油三酯降解率42.93%的菌株G1-28。耐酸耐胆盐及抗菌能力测定结果表明,在pH2条件下培养4 h后,其存活率为77.8%,经0.1%胆盐处理4 h后,菌株G1-28的存活率为87.2%,并且对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有较强抑菌能力。经形态学、生理生化实验和16S rDNA部分序列分析,将菌株G1-28鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。     

植物乳杆菌Lp-S2直投式发酵剂及其离心、冷冻干燥工艺研究

以高产γ-氨基丁酸的植物乳杆菌Lp-S2为出发菌株,研制直投式发酵剂。并对发酵剂离心工艺及冷冻干燥工艺进行优化。通过正交试验确定植物乳杆菌Lp-S2的离心工艺为:离心温度4℃,离心时间30min,转速6 000r/min,该条件下植物乳杆菌Lp-S2离心收得率为83.8%。通过单因素和正交试验进行冷冻保护剂的优化。冷冻保护剂的最佳组合是15%海藻糖,15%葡萄糖和10%脱脂乳粉。植物乳杆菌Lp-S2直投式发酵剂,冻干存活率为39.2%,最佳预冷时间为6h。直投式发酵剂活菌数达到1.5×1012 CFU/mL。     

降胆固醇植物乳杆菌I4菌冻干保护剂的响应面优化研究

为了提高直投式降胆固醇植物乳杆菌I4菌发酵剂的生物活性,考察了5种保护剂对I4菌真空冷冻干燥的保护效果,选择其中效果较好的4种保护剂进行响应面优化,结果表明,以4.04%海藻糖、2.9%谷氨酸钠、10.38%蔗糖、14.84%脱脂乳粉作为复合保护剂,I4的冻干存活率较高,可达83.32%。通过对冻干后I4菌发酵剂降胆固醇能力的测试,得出胆固醇降解率为(36.2±1.75)%(n=3)。     

含水量对植物乳杆菌冻干粉细胞活性的影响及其贮藏稳定性的研究

应用真空冷冻干燥技术,研究不同含水量对冻干产品中植物乳杆菌细胞活性的影响和不同保藏温度条件下样品中细胞存活率与复苏活力随时间变化的规律,并建立适用于判定菌体细胞冷冻干燥工艺终点的有效方法。结果表明：具有不同含水量的样品中,植物乳杆菌细胞的存活率间无显著性差异,但随着样品中含水量的降低,植物乳杆菌细胞进入对数生长期的时间逐渐延长,复苏活力也呈下降趋势。贮藏稳定性实验结果表明,－ 20℃条件下,植物乳杆菌细胞的存活率一直呈现上升趋势,到第515 天可达91.46%;4℃条件下,28d 内植物乳杆菌细胞的存活率呈上升趋势,到第515 天其存活率又下降到53.16%。综上所述,解析干燥初期是植物乳杆菌菌体冻干工艺理想的终点,比较适于植物乳杆菌发酵剂短期和长期保藏的温度条件分别是4℃和－ 20℃。     

直投式发酵剂制备工艺对乳酸菌存活率的影响

为明确直投式发酵剂制备过程中菌体细胞存活率的变化,选择植物乳杆菌R23为实验菌,采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和正交试验等手段对收集条件、预冻条件和冻干时间等进行研究。结果表明,植物乳杆菌R23优化收集时间为15 h,此时菌量达到最大且活力较高;在优化的离心条件下菌体细胞存活率达92.4%,其中离心力起关键作用;采用梯度预冻即-20,-40,-80℃各1,2,3 h,可使物料达到较优冻结效果;发酵剂物料冻干至水质量分数为1.20%时最有利于贮藏。研究在明确菌剂制备关键因素对菌体细胞干预机制的基础上,还获得了适宜的制备条件,对直投式发酵剂的规模化生产具有重要的指导意义。     

响应面法优化直投式酸奶发酵剂的工艺研究

直投式酸奶发酵剂因活性高、稳定性好、使用简便,已成为酸奶发酵剂的主要发展方向。嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus,St)和保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus,Lb)经活化和纯化后,以存活率为指标,对混合发酵液的菌种混合比例、离心条件、预冻条件进行单因素试验。试验结果表明混合发酵液的最佳制备条件为:St∶Lb=1∶1(体积比)、离心速度3 000 r/min、离心时间10 min、预冻温度-80℃、预冻时间1 h;采用响应面法对冻干菌悬液的保护剂p H、保护剂和菌泥平衡时间、保护剂和菌泥混合比例进行优化试验,结果表明冻干菌悬液最佳制备条件为:保护剂p H6.6、平衡时间30 min、保护剂和菌泥混合比例2∶1(m L/g),此时St存活率63.77%、Lb存活率66.03%,具有较好的市场前景和应用价值。     

复合真空冷冻干燥益生菌发酵保护剂的研制

为提高复合益生菌发酵剂冻干粉存活率。本研究以植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus natto)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)为试验菌株,在单因素实验基础上采用正交试验优化三种益生菌发酵剂保护剂配方,优化后将三种益生菌冻干菌粉按一定质量比复合应用。结果表明,植物乳杆菌保护剂最佳配方组合为:可溶性淀粉14%,低聚木糖12%,谷氨酸钠3%,菊糖15%;纳豆芽孢杆菌保护剂配方最佳组合为:可溶性淀粉18%,谷氨酸钠7%,菊糖12%,吐温-80 1.8%;嗜酸乳杆菌保护剂配方最佳组合为:可溶性淀粉18%,低聚木糖12%,谷氨酸钠7%,菊糖15%。     

几种保护剂对干酪乳杆菌代田株保护作用的比较

将活化后的干酪乳杆菌代田株制成冻干发酵剂，通过对其复水后活菌数和乳酸脱氢酶的测定，比较了脱脂奶、葡萄糖、谷氨酸钠、海藻糖4种冻干保护剂对干酪乳杆菌代田株的保护效果。结果表明，10%-15%脱脂奶、10%-15%海藻糖对干酪乳杆菌代田株有较好的保护效果，在12个月的保藏期内，冻干保藏的菌种存活细胞总数保持90%以上，并且随着保护剂浓度的增加其保藏效果更好。     

益生菌冻干保护剂及工艺优化研究

目的 为提高保加利亚乳杆菌冻干粉存活率。方法 本研究采用真空冷冻干燥法,以保加利亚乳杆菌为研究对象,研究冻干保护剂对益生菌冻干存活率的影响。 结果 通过单因素和正交试验筛选出最优组合。结果表明：经-80 ℃预冻1 h,冷冻干燥48 h(?40 ℃、25 Pa)后,益生菌保加利亚乳杆菌的最佳冻干保护剂为甘油2%,脱脂乳6%,L-半胱氨酸3%,木聚糖10%,在此优化条件下,存活率为82.75%。结论 在冷冻干燥过程中加入冻干保护剂可以提高保加利亚乳杆菌存活率,为下一步其他益生菌的冻干研究提供有效参考。     

Identification of potential probiotic starter cultures for Scandinavian-type fermented sausages

Potential probiotic cultures suitable as starter cultures for the Scandinavian-type fermented sausages were identified among strains well-adapted to fermented meats as well as strains originating from a culture collection. From 15 different fermented meat products, 22 strains were isolated as dominant non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB). The isolates were identified by RAPD, API and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and showed to be five strains of Lactobacillus sakei, five strains of Lactobacillus farciminis, five strains belonging to the group of Lactobacillus plantarum/pentosus, four strains of Lactobacillus alimentarius, two strains of Lactobacillus brevis and one strain of Lactobacillus versmoldensis. Heterofermentative strains as well as strains not growing at 37 degrees C and not lowering pH below 5.1 in a meat model were excluded leaving 9 strains for further studies. These strains together with 19 strains from a culture collection were evaluated by in vitro methods including survival upon exposure to pH 2.5 or 0.3% oxgall and adhesion to the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 as well as antimicrobial activity against potential pathogens. Strains that fulfilled all the probiotic criteria and showed to be fast acid producers in a meat model included three strains belonging to the group of Lb. plantarum/pentosus (MF1291, MF1298, MF1300) which originated from the dominant NSLAB of fermented meat products. MF1291 and MF 1298 were further identified as Lb. plantarum and MF1300 as Lb. pentosus. The three strains were all successfully applied as starter cultures for the production of fermented sausage. The viable count at the end of the processing period reached high cell numbers (4.7x10(7)-2.9x10(8) cfu/g) and pH of the sausages decreased to pH 4.8-4.9 without any flavour deviation compared to sausage fermented by a commercial meat starter culture.     

一株产细菌素植物乳杆菌高密度发酵培养基的筛选及其在酸奶中的应用

目的:优化用于高密度发酵产细菌素的植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0391的经济有效培养基,旨在生产具有益生作用的辅助发酵剂。方法:以发酵液中活菌数量和抑菌效果为指标,比较不同水解度的脱脂乳粉、乳清粉、麦麸,以及玉米浆粉的发酵效果,制备冻干形式的植物乳杆菌直投式发酵剂,将其添加至酸奶中,评价其对酸奶发酵时间、pH、滴定酸度、粘度和感官评价的影响,进而确定其在酸奶中应用的可行性。结果:确定脱脂乳粉、乳清粉和麦麸培养基的最佳水解度分别为15%、15%和20%;植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0391在玉米浆粉培养基中获得的发酵效果最佳,活菌数量达到9.53 lg CFU/mL,抑菌圈直径达到12.69 mm。植物乳杆菌直投式菌种的添加对酸奶发酵时间和感官评价无显著影响(P>0.05),酸奶粘度下降,但可以缓解酸奶的后酸化程度。通过优化得到植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0391高密度发酵的廉价培养基为:4%玉米浆粉,同时补充2%葡萄糖和0.1% Tween-80。结论:制得的植物乳杆菌直投式发酵剂可应用于酸奶生产中。     

发酵酸菜来源乳酸菌的益生特性及其在发酵乳中的应用

通过pH值、胆盐耐受性实验从发酵酸菜中筛选性能优良的益生乳酸菌株,经16S rRNA序列分析鉴定得4 株植物乳杆菌A44、B51、B54、C53和2 株戊糖乳杆菌A16、B72。经疏水、黏附、自凝聚和溶血能力实验评价6 株乳酸菌的益生特性,其中植物乳杆菌A44对氯仿和二甲苯的疏水性均大于80%,对Caco-2细胞的黏附率为13.57%,放置5 h的自凝聚率超过60%,与其他菌株相比具有更好的益生特性且无溶血活性。因此选用植物乳杆菌A44进一步研究其在发酵乳中的功能特性,结果表明：植物乳杆菌A44作为辅助发酵剂添加后对4 ℃贮藏7 d期间发酵乳pH值、滴定酸度和持水性均无显著影响（P＞0.05）,但是可以显著提高发酵乳的活菌数和黏度（P＜0.05）,活菌数达到8.45（lg（CFU/mL））。本研究筛选得到的植物乳杆菌A44是一株性能优良的益生乳酸菌,具有作为发酵乳益生菌辅助发酵剂的潜在应用前景。     

Comparative survival and evaluation of functional probiotic properties of spray-dried lactic acid bacteria

The effect of spray drying on the viability and retention of key probiotic properties like acid and bile tolerance and cholesterol assimilation of three probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) ( Lactobacillus plantarum CFR 2191, Lactobacillus salivarius CFR 2158 and Pediococcus acidilactici CFR 2193) has been studied. More than 97% survival was exhibited by the three LAB (1% cell suspension) spray dried with maltodextrin and nonfat skimmed (NFSM) as carriers. LAB cultures spray dried with maltodextrin showed significantly greater ( P ≤  0.05) retention of functional properties than those with NFSM. The results highlight a cost-effective way of producing large quantities of selected probiotic cultures with functional properties for neutraceutical application.     

Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Italian Bella di Cerignola table olives: selection of potential multifunctional starter cultures

Lactic acid bacteria (19 isolates) from Bella di Cerignola Italian table olives were investigated for their technological and probiotic properties for the selection of multifunctional starter cultures for table olives. The bacteria were first identified by phenotyping and genotyping, then characterized for the production of biogenic amines, growth at different pH, NaCl concentrations, and temperatures. The potentiality of the bacteria to have some probiotic properties (antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, survival in low pH and in the presence of bile salts, ability to adhere to the mammalian cells model IPEC-J2) was also investigated. Eighteen of the studied isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum and one as Enterococcus faecalis. All bacteria were able to grow at a range of pH between 4.0 and 10.0 as well as in media supplemented with 2.5 to 7.5% of NaCl and 0.3% bile salts and survived in MRS broth acidified at pH 2.5; moreover, they inhibited significantly Escherichia coli O157:H7. The adhesion to IPEC-J2 cells was in general low to moderate (5.3 to 8.3%); however, 2 isolates of L. plantarum (c16 and c19) showed interesting higher adhesion values (up to 16%). Our results suggest that at least 3 isolates could be possible multifunctional starters for Bella di Cerignola olives: L. plantarum 16 and 19 for mainly their probiotic properties and L. plantarum 10 for mainly its technological characteristics. Practical Application: A functional starter is a microorganism exerting benefits on human health (probiotic) and able to guide a fermentation (starter). The main goal of this article was to select a functional starter for table olives.     

植物乳杆菌HCS03-001安全性评价及其益生特性分析

为了对植物乳杆菌HCS03-001(CGMCC No.16258)进行安全性评价以及益生特性的研究,通过溶血实验、耐药实验及急性经口毒性实验评价其安全性,通过对酸环境及胆盐环境的耐受性实验、抑菌功能特性实验及通便功效试验评价该菌株的益生特性.结果表明,植物乳杆菌HCS03-001在哥伦比亚血琼脂培养基上无透明圈形成,即...     

黔东南地区传统发酵白酸汤中乳酸菌的益生特性及应用

本研究以发酵酸汤为试验原料,通过pH值、胆盐耐受性实验筛选性能优良的乳酸菌,经16S r RNA序列分析鉴定得菌株1-3、1-6、ST-2、ST-11,4 株为副干酪乳杆菌,ST-10和ST-12为植物乳杆菌。通过评价菌株的疏水性、黏附性、自凝聚能力,筛选出了6 株具有益生特性的乳酸菌,其中副干酪乳杆菌1-6和植物乳杆菌ST-10对二甲苯、氯仿的疏水性均大于70%,放置24 h的自凝聚率较其他菌株都较优;不同菌株对抗生素表现出的敏感性、耐药性不尽相同。结果表明：副干酪乳杆菌1-6作为发酵剂添加后对酸汤pH值、总酸度均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但是活菌数与传统老酸汤发酵效果接近。本研究筛选得到的副干酪乳杆菌1-6 是一株性能优良的益生乳酸菌,为后续酸汤发酵益生菌的开发奠定基础。     

植物乳杆菌低脂契达干酪降胆固醇活性的研究

部分益生菌被添加到干酪中能发挥其的功能特性。为探究添加植物乳杆菌的低脂干酪对小鼠血清胆固醇含量的影响及其最佳工艺条件,以成品干酪感官评分为响应值,利用响应面法优化干酪关键工艺参数,通过测定小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量、动脉硬化指数(AI)及肝脏、粪便中TC、TG含量来研究其体内降胆固醇作用。结果显示,以发酵剂接种量0.02%(质量分数),植物乳杆菌添加量2.00%(体积分数),菊粉添加量2.00%(质量分数)时制作的低脂干酪灌胃小鼠35 d,与高脂模型组相比,试验组干酪小鼠的TC、TG、LDL-C及AI分别下降21.23%,25.57%,39.11%和35.05%,肝脏中TC、TG分别下降37.32%,17.33%,且显著低于灌胃空白低脂干酪的小鼠(P<0.05);粪便中TC、TG分别升高37.2%,30.66%(P<0.05),且干酪感官得分为86.78,与预测值87.36相近。添加植物乳杆菌及菊粉的低脂干酪具有一定的体内降胆固醇活性,其感官品质更易接受。     

植物乳杆菌微胶囊化研究

为保护植物乳杆菌的活性以增强乳杆菌在动物肠道内的益生功能,以天然发酵玉米青贮饲料中优良植物乳杆菌作为芯材,乳清蛋白和明胶为壁材,利用喷雾干燥法制成微胶囊,并以植物乳杆菌包埋率为响应值,研究壁材配比、壁材添加量、进风温度、进料量4个因素,进行中心组合实验(Box-Behnken),通过响应面分析对喷雾干燥法制备植物乳杆菌微胶囊条件进行优化。结果表明:最优条件为壁材配比(乳清蛋白与明胶质量比)1:2、壁材添加量22%、进风温度127℃、进料量35%,在此条件下,植物乳杆菌包埋率为62.15%。结论:本研究为应用喷雾干燥法制备植物乳杆菌微胶囊奠定了基础。