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本文旨在从生鲜暗纹东方纯肌肉中提取呈味肽从而对暗纹东方纯肌肉中的呈味肽的结构特性进行相应研究。将生鲜养殖暗纹东方鱼屯肌肉水提物经Sephadex G15凝胶柱分离,得到3个多肽组分(分别为0-F1、0-F2和0-F3),感官评价结合电子舌选择出具有最强烈的鲜味和kokumi感的组分0-F1。采用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)对其进行进一步分离得到2个组分0.F1.1和0.F1.2,电子舌鉴定显示O.F1.1组分有较强的鲜味。最后利用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)对RP-HPLC分离得到组分0-F1-1中呈味肽氨基酸序列进行测定,鉴定得到一种新的呈味七肽结构:Pro-A-A1a-B-Met*-Cys-Arg(810.9046 Da,A和B均为氨基酸代码,Met*表示氧化型甲硫氨酸)虽然肽段中含有大量的疏水性氨基酸,但该肽不具有苦味,而且有显著的浓厚感,其中含有的Cys残基可能是其具有kokumi感的关键。 相似文献
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风干武昌鱼中鲜味肽的分离纯化及二级结构分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用电子舌测定鲜味,超纳滤、反相高效液相色谱从风干武昌鱼中分离纯化出纯度均一的鲜味肽,基质辅助激光解析电离-飞行时间质谱仪、氨基酸自动分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱测定鲜味肽的分子质量、氨基酸组成和二级结构,探讨鲜味肽结构与风味的关系。结果显示:从风干武昌鱼中纯化得到了一种鲜味较强的肽P2a-2,其分子质量为1 304.59 Da。P2a-2的鲜味氨基酸谷氨酸(21.97%)、甘氨酸(10.67%)和丙氨酸(9.51%)比例较高,且助味氨基酸组氨酸的比例最高(27.54%),β-转角为主要的二级结构(90.16%),推断P2a-2呈现较佳鲜味与其高含量的鲜味氨基酸和β-转角相关。 相似文献
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采用超滤、凝胶渗透色谱及反相高效液相色谱结合感官引导,从白玉菇水提物中分离纯化出白玉菇鲜味最佳组分,通过超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术从中鉴定鲜味肽,并将所鉴定的鲜味肽合成后通过人体感官评价对其呈味特性进行研究。结果表明:白玉菇水提物中含有6?种鲜味肽,即ELELQ、ELQSGNTY、NYNGGY、EAKVY、VANGGGFGAA、SLLQPL,鲜味阈值分别为0.16、0.19、0.31、0.38、0.44、0.63?mg/mL,且6?种肽的分子质量皆在1?000?Da以下;同时6?种合成肽具有鲜味增强作用,从其在味精溶液中的剂量-反应曲线可以看出,所鉴定的鲜味肽增鲜能力差异显著(P<0.05),其中NYNGGY、ELELQ的增鲜能力突出;6?种合成肽对鸡汤具有鲜味、咸味和甜味增强特性,其中ELELQ、NYNGGY、ELQSGNTY对鸡汤的味感提升效果最好。 相似文献
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本文采用感官评价和电子舌技术相结合的方式,对鱼露中分离鉴定后进行固相合成的两种肽Gly-Pro和Val-Hyp的单体呈味和二肽与谷氨酸钠、氯化钠相互作用的呈味特性进行研究。结果表明,在单体呈味分析中,Gly-Pro具有鲜味和浓厚感,Val-Hyp具有鲜味且鲜味较持久和轻微浓厚感;在相互作用分析中,Gly-Pro降低了谷氨酸钠的鲜味,Val-Hyp对谷氨酸钠呈味无明显影响。Val-Hyp与氯化钠有显著协同作用,且溶液整体有厚味,而Gly-Pro与氯化钠没有协同作用,反而抑制咸味,但口感丰富。由此可得,鱼露中Gly-Pro和Val-Hyp的呈鲜特性的研究结果表明了其对鱼露鲜美味感具有一定贡献。 相似文献
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食品中鲜味物质及鲜味肽的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
鲜味是食品五大基本味觉之一,也是深受人们喜爱的美味之一。"天然、营养、安全"的鲜味物质(包括氨基酸类、核苷酸类、有机酸类、鲜味肽等)的开发是近年来食品鲜味科学的研究热点和鲜味调味品研发的重点方向。本文概述了食品中鲜味及鲜味物质的研究现状,并重点介绍了鲜味肽的来源(水产品等)、特点、构效关系、呈鲜机制以及制备和鉴定方法等方面的研究新进展,以期为鲜味调味品的开发,鲜味肽的研究利用及呈鲜机制的研究等提供依据和参考。 相似文献
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鲜味作为五大基本味觉之一,对食品滋味具有重要贡献。食品中的鲜味物质(包括鲜味肽、有机酸、氨基酸、核苷酸以及复合鲜味剂等)以其营养、安全等特点,近年来逐渐成为食品鲜味科学领域以及鲜味调味品方面的研究热点,为相关食品风味的改善提供了理论参考及研究方向。本研究介绍了鲜味物质的发展过程,并对鲜味及鲜味物质的研究现状进行了综述。同时对鲜味物质的种类进行概述,并对食品中主要的鲜味物质检测方法研究进展进行总结,最后对食品中鲜味物质的发展进行展望,以便于为食品中仪器检测鲜味物质相关研究提供参考和依据。 相似文献
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Lulu Qi Xinchang Gao Daodong Pan Yangying Sun Zhendong Cai Yongzhao Xiong Yali Dang 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2022,21(2):1462-1490
Umami is an important element affecting food taste, and the development of umami peptides is a topic of interest in food-flavoring research. The existing technology used for traditional screening of umami peptides is time-consuming and labor-intensive, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-throughput screening, which limits the rapid development of umami peptides. The difficulty in performing a standard measurement of umami intensity is another problem that restricts the development of umami peptides. The existing methods are not sensitive and specific, making it difficult to achieve a standard evaluation of umami taste. This review summarizes the umami receptors and umami peptides, focusing on the problems restricting the development of umami peptides, high-throughput screening, and establishment of evaluation standards. The rapid screening of umami peptides was realized based on molecular docking technology and a machine learning method, and the standard evaluation of umami could be realized with a bionic taste sensor. The progress of rapid screening and evaluation methods significantly promotes the study of umami peptides and increases its application in the seasoning industry. 相似文献
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Yin Zhang Chandrasekar Venkitasamy Zhongli Pan Wenlong Liu Liming Zhao 《Journal of food science》2017,82(1):16-23
Umami substances are very important for food seasoning and healthy eating. In addition to monosodium glutamate and some nucleotides, recent investigations have revealed that several peptides also exhibit umami taste. In recent years, 52 peptides have been reported to show umami taste, including 24 dipeptides, 16 tripeptides, 5 octapeptides, 2 pentapeptides, 2 hexapeptides, 1 tetrapeptide, 1 heptapeptide, and 1 undecapeptide. Twenty of these peptides have been examined for the present of umami taste. In this review, we have listed these umami peptides based on their category, source, taste, and threshold concentration. The evidence for peptides showing umami taste, the umami taste receptors on the human tongue, and the peptides whose umami taste is controversial are also discussed. 相似文献
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鲜味肽与增鲜肽是食品中的关键滋味成分,具有风味突出等优势。同时,鲜味肽与增鲜肽种类复杂且常作为反应前体物影响食品的风味特性,对食品风味有重要影响。据统计分析,目前已报道鲜味肽与增鲜肽数量分别为208条和60条,鲜味肽氨基酸组成和空间结构是决定鲜味肽鲜味特性的重要因素,而增鲜肽具有更复杂的增鲜模式和构效关系。在食品加工过程中,鲜味肽与增鲜肽会作为活泼反应底物参与酶促与非酶促反应,并在一定条件下转变为鲜味更强或增鲜特性更优的反应产物,有利于食品风味品质的提升。作者系统分析了鲜味肽与增鲜肽的结构特性,探讨了基于不同加工方式其在食品加工过程中的变化及其对食品呈味特性的有益影响,并阐述了在研究过程中存在的问题和解决方案,旨在对鲜味科学研究及调味品行业的技术发展提供理论指导。 相似文献
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调味品是食品调味过程中的必需品,同时也是人体摄入盐分的主要来源。盐摄入过多会带来健康隐患,但减盐会降低食品的咸味和鲜味,从而降低食品品质。本文综述在减盐同时保证咸味、鲜味及其协调性的技术手段。减盐技术包含减少钠盐添加量、非钠盐替代物及增强咸味感知等方法,增鲜技术包含添加酵母抽提物、鲜味肽及鲜味氨基酸和肽的衍生物等方法。此外,乳酸菌、美拉德反应中间体、增味剂、呈味肽等的应用亦可达到减盐增鲜的双重效果。减盐增鲜技术的应用能够促进调味品行业的发展,但这些技术尚存在基础研究不足、实际应用较少、应用范围较窄、生产成本高等问题,解决这些问题是当前所面临的主要困难。本文详细阐述调味品减盐增鲜技术的基本原理、特点、目前研究存在的不足等,提出未来可能的发展方向,以期为调味品的减盐增鲜研究提供参考。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Soy sauce taste has become a focus of umami taste research. Umami taste is a 5th basic taste, which is associated to a palatable and pleasurable taste of food. Soy sauce has been used as an umami seasoning since the ancient time in Asia. The complex fermentation process occurred to soy beans, as the raw material in the soy sauce production, gives a distinct delicious taste. The recent investigation on Japanese and Indonesian soy sauces revealed that this taste is primarily due to umami components which have molecular weights lower than 500 Da. Free amino acids are the low molecular compounds that have an important role to the taste, in the presence of sodium salt. The intense umami taste found in the soy sauces may also be a result from the interaction between umami components and other tastants. Small peptides are also present, but have very low, almost undetected umami taste intensities investigated in their fractions. 相似文献