Multi-objective shape optimization of a hydraulic turbine runner using efficiency,strength and weight criteria

An approach for multi-discipline automatic optimization of the hydraulic turbine runner shape is presented. The approach accounts hydraulic efficiency, mechanical strength and the weight of the runner. In order to effectively control the strength and weight of the runner, a new parameterization of the blade thickness function is suggested. Turbine efficiency is evaluated through numerical solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, while the finite element method is used to evaluate the von Mises stress in the runner. An objective function, being the weighted sum of maximal stress and the blade volume, is suggested to account for both the strength and weight of the runner. Multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. The suggested approach has been applied to automatic design of a Francis turbine runner. Series of three-objective optimization runs have been carried out. The obtained results clearly indicate that simultaneous account of stress and weight objectives accompanied by thickness variation allows obtaining high efficiency, light and durable turbine runners.     

Using genetic algorithms to improve the thermodynamic efficiency of gas turbines designed by traditional methods

A method for optimizing the thermodynamic efficiency of aeronautical gas turbines designed by classical methods is presented. This method is based in the transformation of the original constrained optimization problem into a new constrained free optimization problem which is solved by a genetic algorithm. Basically, a set of geometric, aerodynamic and acoustic noise constraints must be fulfilled during the optimization process. As a case study, the thermodynamic efficiency of an already optimized by traditional methods real aeronautical low pressure turbine design of 13 rows has been successfully improved, increasing the turbine efficiency by 0.047% and reducing the total number of airfoils by 1.61%. In addition, experimental evidence of a strong correlation between the total number of airfoils and the turbine efficiency has been observed. This result would allow us to use the total number of airfoils as a cheap substitute of the turbine efficiency for a coarse optimization at the first design steps.     

雷诺数对高负荷低速涡轮性能影响的试验研究

为了研究雷诺数对高负荷低压低速涡轮性能的影响规律,以某双级高负荷低压低速涡轮为研究对象,在涡轮部件试验器上开展了变雷诺数试验研究。控制其他相似参数保持一致,通过来流节流、出口引射的方式改变涡轮内雷诺数水平。共采集了6个雷诺数状态下的气动参数,分析了雷诺数对涡轮总特性及测量截面流场参数的变化规律。结果表明,该涡轮效率随着雷诺数的降低而显著降低,研究雷诺数范围内,效率降低了2.8%;在低雷诺数下,第二级导叶通道涡、尾缘涡等涡系尺度及强度均发展壮大,气动损失增加;第二级动叶轮周功减小,做功能力损失6.3%。     

基于Aspen Plus的蒸汽透平网络模拟和优化

针对乙烯装置蒸汽管网用能过程中存在的不合理现象,采用Aspen Plus化工流程软件对其中的蒸汽透平网络进行了模拟和优化.通过对单个透平的模拟,分析了透平抽汽量、进汽温度和排汽压力等操作条件的变化对透平效率的影响.在此基础上模拟了蒸汽透平网络,并以透平抽汽量为自变量、透平网络总进汽量为目标变量,通过MATLAB-Aspen Plus接口工具箱使用粒子群优化算法(PSO)对其进行操作参数优化.采用智能算法,避开了因在Aspen Plus中设置过多约束作为设计规定而导致模型不易收敛的不足;对于约束条件的处理,通过对不满足约束的粒子加以惩罚来实现.优化结果表明,在满足透平输出功率以及低等级管网蒸汽用量需求的前提下,通过合理分配各透平的抽汽量能够有效地降低透平网络超高压蒸汽(SS)消耗量,优化后的透平网络可减少超高压蒸汽用量0.6吨/小时.     

风力机叶片动力学建模研究

研究水平轴风力机叶片在回转平面内的横向振动.将风力机叶片简化为以恒角速度绕定轴旋转的不可伸长的等截面欧拉伯努利梁.采用一维动量叶素理论建立风力机叶片的空气动力学模型,并计及风力机叶片尖端损失的影响.对无量纲化的动力学方程采用Galerkin方法得到由常微分方程描述的非线性动力系统.采用由NACA63 -B系列风力机叶片...     

Robust nonlinear control strategy to maximize energy capture in a variable speed wind turbine with an internal induction generator

This paper proposes a control strategy to maximize the wind energy captured in a variable speed wind turbine,with an internal induction generator,at low to medium wind speeds.The proposed strategy cont...     

600MW超临界汽轮机配汽不平衡力影响及配汽方案优化

汽轮机尤其是超临界汽轮机在变负荷运行过程中,不合理的配汽方案会在调节级产生较大的配汽不平衡力,引发调节级附近的轴承发生轴心偏移,瓦温升高等故障,对机组的安全运行造成影响。单纯考虑减小不平衡汽流力的配汽方案又会造成调节级效率乃至汽轮机整体内效率的下降,因此在配汽方案选择时,需要妥善解决汽轮机运行安全性和经济性之间存在的这一对矛盾。论文阐述了汽轮机配汽不平衡汽流力的产生机理及其造成的影响,针对某型600MW超临界汽轮机在30%、80%、90%负荷点上,设置了不同的配汽方案,就汽流不平衡力和调节级效率进行了详细计算,从安全性与经济性两个角度展开了方案的对比分析,依据计算和分析结果提出了兼顾减小不平衡汽流力和提高调节级效率的协同优化方案。     

水下机器人新型仿鱼鳍推进器

21世纪是人类开发海洋的世纪,水下机器人和自主无人潜器具有广阔的应用前景和 巨大的潜在价值．仿鱼鳍水下推进器作为一种具有效率高、运动灵活以及噪音低等优点的新 型水下推进器越来越受到广大科技工作者的重视．本文介绍了仿鱼鳍水下推进器的分类,特 点,国内外研究成果与现状,以及目前的研究热点,并对未来发展趋势作了预测．     

汽轮机分布式远程监控系统设计与实现

本文介绍了基于汽轮机分布式远程监控系统设计技术,对系统的关键组成部分进行了较为详细的讨论。通过现场与远程端的计算机及其数据采集模块,可实现对现场汽轮机统一安全监控。系统组网灵活、可靠、易于维护,便于推广。从而能够提高汽轮机系统的安全性能和工作效率。     

舰用主汽轮机组在海水温度变化情况下最大工作能力分析

针对舰用主汽轮机组的工作环境特性,基于热力学和流体力学基本理论,建立冷凝器工作特性模型,并运用Matlab/Simulink进行求解,定量分析了海水温度变化对舰用冷凝器压力、主汽轮机组功率和舰船航速的影响。研究成果对如何充分发挥装备的最大使用效能,具有重要的指导意义。     

Modelling of flow-induced stresses in a Francis turbine runner

This study presents the results of large scale modelling of the water flow and the analysis flow-induced stresses in a Francis turbine runner. The modelling undergoes two stages. The first stage deals with the water flow that has been investigated by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in order to identify the loads acting on the turbine blades. At the second stage, the finite element analysis of stresses has been performed based on the pressure distributions calculated from CFD modelling. The operational data recorded at Unit 2 of the Derbendikan power station have been used as input in the modelling. The results of calculations have revealed that the zones of high stress are situated at the trailing edge of the turbine runner, which explains observed fatigue cracks in these areas.     

基于参数化的涡轮叶片三维气动优化仿真

为了提高涡轮叶片的设计效率,在分析已有涡轮叶片截面线参数化造型技术优缺点的基础上,基于B样条曲线实现了涡轮叶片截面线的参数化造型和参数化修改,并编写了叶片造型程序,实现了叶片流场模型的自动化生成.以某型号涡轮叶片为例,对其进行三维流场数值模拟,然后采用遗传算法和序列二次规划法算法的组合,以涡轮的气动效率为目标函数,对涡轮叶片进行了气动优化.算例结果表明文中所建立的涡轮叶片自动优化设计体系是可行的.     

基于MATLAB的汽轮机叶片型面误差分析

汽轮机叶片型面制造误差分析是其制造过程中的重要环节,本文研究叶片型面制造误差分析方法,并基于该方法利用MATLAB开发误差分析系统。应用实例表明,该系统能够很好地分析叶片型面制造误差,并能同时对多组数据进行分析,提高了分析效率。     

多级涡轮过渡态气动热力性能试验

针对因迟滞效应明显、气动热力特征复杂、工作状态不平衡导致涡轮过渡状态难以实现试验模拟的问题,开展了涡轮过渡态变化特征分析,从N-S方程组的求解过程入手,考虑时变定解条件的相似性,得到了适用于过渡态涡轮性能试验的相似模拟方法。基于某稳态涡轮试验设备,构建了涡轮过渡态试验环境。针对过渡态测控需求,构建了统一的同步控制测试平台。最终在某五级涡轮试验件平台上,完成了多级涡轮过渡态气动热力性能试验验证。结果表明,在过渡态过程中,部分空气腔内的压力和试验件的轴向力表现出了明显的迟滞和不同步特征,涡轮扭矩效率和涡轮进口换算流量明显偏离了稳态过程,最大偏离程度大于20%。     

大型海上风力发电高塔系统一体化分析建模研究

大型海上风力发电高塔系统的精细化建模与整体可靠性设计对保障风能资源开发的安全性与经济性日益重要.本文结合柔体动力学与有限元建模,考虑气动耦合效应、桩土相互作用、塔体前后运动控制和非线性转矩控制,建立了大型海上风力发电高塔系统一体化分析模型(Sto DRAOWT模型).与国际上通用的风机分析软件分析结果对比表明,本文建立的Sto DRAOWT模型分析结果可信,建模更为全面合理,计算效率更高.在此基础上,实现了风浪联合作用下海上风力发电高塔整体系统的动力响应分析,为大型海上风力发电高塔系统的随机响应分析与可靠性设计奠定了基础.     

MATLAB在水轮机综合特性曲线处理中的应用

讨论了MATLAB软件在水轮机综合特性曲线处理中的应用.首先使用MATLAB接收数字设备输入的图形,并在MATLAB环境中采样存储数据;再使用MATLAB中相关命令编制程序对这些数据进行插值和还原,检验输入数据的准确性;最后,利用MATLAB数学工具箱中的工具插值并编程进行数据转换,将所得数据绘制成水轮机运转综合特性曲线.结果表明,应用MATLAB软件处理水轮机综合特性曲线提高了工作效率和精确度,MATLAB在水力机械工程设计领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于LabVIEW的风力机最大功率点跟踪仿真研究

基于风力机的发电效率因环境风速变化而改变,本文选用LabVIEW为仿真平台建立风力机最大功率点的追踪系统。首先根据风力机的风能捕获输出功率公式,在LabVIEW平台上搭建了风力机系统模块、风力机控制模块、风轮转速调节模块、风速变化判断模块等。为了弥补传统扰动法存在的追踪精度等问题,利用变步长的扰动观测法对输出功率进行最大功率点追踪,使风力机的输出功率保持在最大输出功率。实验结果表明该系统在不同的仿真风速环境下,能有效的追踪风力机最大输出功率点。     

双微机控制水轮机轮叶系统的研究

本文介绍一种基于双微机的水轮机轮叶控制系统。文中针对水轮机轮叶系统，提出了容错设计方案和系统控制算法。该系统改进了控制性能，提高了系统可靠性。     

Transient hydrodynamic analysis of the transition process of bulb hydraulic turbine

In this paper, a semi-implicit method for solving pressure coupled equations used to calculate the flow field, and dynamic mesh were employed to simulate the three-dimensional dynamic turbulent flow of whole flow channels, in start transition process and runaway transition process of bulb hydraulic turbine. In above processes, the transition process of pressure field and flow field were realistically modeled and simulated, which reflects the influence of water flow state, after passing through guide vanes on the inflow of the runner blades, and reveals the flow field variations in the transition process. The numerical results show that: during the start transition process, with the increase of guide vane opening, the flow circulation produced by water flowing through the guide vanes becomes smaller; therefore, the rotational acceleration of the runner decreases and the rotational speed value reduces. In the runaway transition process, the hydraulic turbine operating with load has a sudden load rejection and then, the hydraulic turbine rotational speed is rising with the guide vane closing, leading to pressure pulsations and severe vortex phenomenon, which will cause significant vibrations of swings.     

VBA在水轮机辅助设计中的应用

为更好地综合运用计算机自动绘图技术和混流式水轮机叶片设计理论,通过Microsoft Excel的VBA编程工具进行二次开发控制AutoCAD自动绘制水轮机部分图形,完成叶片三维绘形和速度三角形绘形,实现水轮机叶片参数计算与绘图一体化.该方法可提高工作效率,大大减少重复性工作量,为水轮机叶片参数优化和设计优化提供参考.