The Prevention of Oil and Chemical Pollution: Proactive Approaches in the UK and Canada

In the UK, various initiatives have been launched in an attempt to provide guidance on the occurrence and avoidance of oil and chemical pollution. Despite these efforts, oil and chemicals remain a major cause of pollution. In Canada, similar initiatives have been more successful due to a participative approach to campaign development and implementation. This paper compares UK and Canadian initiatives and identifies factors which led to the success of the Canadian campaigns.     

Environmental Effects Of The Dead Sea-Red Sea Canal

A project to link the Dead Sea to the Red Sea via a canal is undergoing extensive study. This project will transform the physical and chemical characteristics of the Sea and therefore has significant environmental impacts. The predicted behaviour of the Dead Sea with a canal project was examined in this study, and the environmental impacts were then identified and classified into positive and negative. The main positive impact of the canal is the restoration of the Dead Sea into its 1930s level, and the improvement in life quality in the area. Negative impacts include the risk of groundwater contamination, the re-establishment of stratification condition, seasonal precipitation of chemicals, and the growth of micro-organisms in the Sea.     

油品理化分析在设备润滑状态监测中的应用

介绍了在设备润滑状态监测中所采用的理化分析方法 ,阐述了油品理化分析技术在油品换油周期的确定 ,指出油品理化分析技术具有一定的实用性和推广价值     

大型油罐地基加固应力测试技术应用

本文介绍了油罐软土地基处理中应力监测常规项目的设计、施工及其数据整理方法。着重研究了地基处理过程中孔隙水压力的变化规律,以及用孔隙水压力监测数据控制油罐地基的稳定,以保证油罐的安全。实践证明,应力监测尤其是对孔隙水压力的监测是指导油罐预压地基处理施工的有效手段。饱和软粘土地基建造大型储罐,当采用充水预压法加固地基时,利用实测孔隙水压力控制充水加荷速率,是保证储罐地基稳定的重要手段。     

油料分析在工程机械监测维修中的应用

本文讨论了油料分析的基本内容和分析手段,并结合实际工作中的例子,给出了油料分析 在工程机械监测诊断中实现的途径和分析方法。     

龙口港燃油化工码头扩建工程罐区工程实录

以龙口港化工码头扩建工程油罐区为例,介绍了勘察工作、室内试验工作及场地岩土工程分析评价工作,并对地基处理及桩基方案进行比较,给出合理建议。     

The Influence of Sampling Frequency on Streamflow Chemical Loads

In this paper, monthly loads in the streamflows from a number of UK catchments were calculated using all available chemical data and two degraded data sets comprising one value per month, thus simulating the 'harmonized monitoring scheme'of the Environment Agency † . These degraded data sets represent the lowest and highest concentrations of the various chemical determinands. Two-load calculation algorithms were used; one employing continuous-flow records plus instantaneous values, and the other employing instantaneous values only. The results of these algorithms were compared for each determinand - in terms of absolute values and the range of values possible using the degraded monthly sampling intervals.     

油井远程监控与综合评价系统开发

为解决油田管理中面临的用工总量多、生产建设成本高和管理难度大的问题,胜利油田进行了大规模数字化建设。通过电参数、示功图、产液量自动采集传输,对油井进行综合评价分析,提出节电意见,确保油井安全正常运转,有效地减少了油田生产用工需求,进一步促进了油田管理的现代化。     

油气合建站工程项目统筹管理

同一个站区内既有加油功能又有加气功能,势必对基础建设工作提出更高的要求。尤其是天然气作为易爆品,更应加强工程项目管理。同时,为降低成本、早日实现零售量,油气合建站的项目统筹管理则显得尤为重要。     

化学外加剂对混凝土耐久性的影响

分析了化学外加剂对混凝土抗冻融性能、抗渗性能、碱集料反应、碳化及钢筋锈蚀等方面的影响。提出了合理地利用化学外加剂 ,发挥其积极功能 ,克服其存在之不足 ,充分提高混凝土的耐久性的措施     

Long-Term Benthic Monitoring of a Dense Effluent Discharge to Sea

The paper describes and discusses the effect on the local benthic community of the discharge of a dense, saline, effluent into a nearshore area of the North Sea. The monitoring programme continued through the twenty-year period from 1970 until 1989 and includes effectively five years pre-discharge data. Samples were taken from fixed stations with a grab sampler and the invertebrate fauna were identified, wherever possible, to species. In addition, the particle size distribution of the sediment in each sample was determined. The discharge has had a clear effect on the benthic community.
This extensive dataset, with its clear gradient of effect, also offers the opportunity of comparing the effectiveness of species and family level identification when studying the effect of disturbance. In this case the impacted area was as readily identifiable from the family as the species level data.     

储油罐在不同油品沉积液中腐蚀的电化学研究

通过电化学极化的测量方法 ,研究了碳钢储油罐在不同成品油沉积液中的相对腐蚀性 .得出碳钢在不同油品沉积液中的腐蚀速度有明显差别 ;沉积液的酸碱度不同 ,对油罐的腐蚀也有较大影响 .     

Effects of complex hydrodynamic processes on the horizontal and vertical distribution of Tc-99 in the Irish Sea

The increased discharge of Tc-99 from the Sellafield plant following the commissioning of the Enhance Actinide Removal Plant in 1994 was reflected in higher Tc-99 activity concentrations over much of the Irish Sea. The presence of this radionuclide in the marine environment is of concern not only because of its long half life but also high bio-concentration factor in commercially valuable species, such Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) and common lobster (Homarus gammarus). Accurate predictions of the transport, and spatial and temporal distributions of Tc-99 in the Irish Sea have important environmental and commercial implications.In this study, transport of the Tc-99 material was simulated in order to develop an increased understanding of long-term horizontal and vertical distributions. In particular, impact of seasonal hydrodynamic features such as the summer stratification on the surface-to-bottom Tc-99 ratio was of interest. Also, material retention mechanisms within the western Irish Sea were explored and flushing rates under various release conditions and meteorological forcing were estimated.The results show that highest vertical gradients are observed between June and July in the deepest regions of the North Channel and the western Irish Sea where radionuclide-rich saline-poor water overlays radionuclide-poor saline-rich Atlantic water masses. Strong correlation between top-to-bottom ratio of Tc-99 and strength of stratification was found. Flushing studies demonstrate that as the stratification intensifies, residence times within the western Irish Sea increase. In stratified waters of the gyre Tc-99 material is flushed out from the upper layer much quicker than from the bottom zone.The research also shows that in the gyre the biologically active upper layers above the thermocline are likely to contain higher concentrations than the near-bed region. Long-term horizontal and vertical distributions as determined in this study provide a basis for assessment of a potential biota exposure to Tc-99.     

公安消防部队在化学事故处置中的应急洗消

文章综述了化学事故应急洗消的基本方法、原理，分析了化学事故应急洗消的目的、任务和基本洗消方式。提出了公安消防部队在化学事故应急洗消工作中应坚持的原则，探讨了洗消剂的选择原则和不同染毒对象的洗消实施方法。     

平潭“海砂屋”问题及其对策

平潭地区钢筋混凝土建筑滥用海砂现象严重,本文从介绍平潭"海砂屋"的情况入手,分析"海砂屋"产生的原因,并提出平潭现存"海砂屋"的解决方案及防止新建建筑出现"海砂屋"应采取的措施。     

新型化学温拌剂对沥青粘度及混合料性能的影响

通过掺入3种不同比例的 Rediset 温拌剂到基质沥青和改性沥青制备温拌沥青,利用布洛克菲尔德旋转粘度计测定温拌沥青在不同温度下的粘度,结果表明不同掺量的温拌剂对沥青粘度影响较小,并且确定温拌剂最佳掺量为2%。通过成型温拌沥青与热拌沥青马歇尔试件进行测试,发现两者马歇尔孔隙率、稳定度以及残留稳定度性能相当且都满足《沥青路面施工技术规范》要求。马歇尔实验结果显示粘温曲线不宜作为该类温拌剂温拌效果主要评价方法,应结合混合料的压实特性、沥青润滑特性等进行评价。     

油气管道腐蚀缓蚀剂的研究

根据缓蚀剂对金属腐蚀的机理,选用不同性能的缓蚀剂和表面活性剂进行复配,对模拟的油,气管道常规输送工况进行了静,动态对比试验。通过试验数据分析,寻求了最佳的缓蚀剂与表面活性剂的配比。     

乌鲁木齐市南山雾水的化学组成及对环境影响

采用静态雾水采集器,在距新疆乌鲁木齐市58 km的南山地区白杨沟海拔1922 m处,进行连续间隔采样,研究其化学成份、分析其成因及对南山原始植物林带的影响。结果表明南山白杨沟地区SO42-、NO3-、Cl-浓度 (717、122、265μmol/L)远高于较清洁的景洪、舟山、庐山等地的值。且五月SO42-、NO3-、Cl-浓度远高于3、4月的值,可认为南山白杨沟地区已开始受到人为污染,雾对其周围环境有害而无利。     

浅谈航拍技术在油气田土地管理中的应用

2013年9月11日～13日,2013京津沪渝四城市测绘地理信息工作交流会在京召开。国家测绘地理信息局副局长宋超智出席会议并讲话,北京市规划委员会委员兼北京市勘察设计和测绘地理信息管理办公室主任叶大华、副主任李节严、副主任王金坡,北京市测绘设计研究院院长温宗勇、党委书记郝赛英,重庆市勘测院党委书记冯美修,天津市测绘院副院长史廷玉,上海市测绘院党委副书记杭燕等领导以及来自京、津、沪、渝四直辖市测绘及勘察系统的代表共40余人参加会议。会议由北京院王瑞平副书记主持,温宗勇院长致开幕词。     

浅谈油气开发与环境安全

文章分析了油气能源现状、油气开发与环境的关系、油气开发与环境安全的关系,油气开发中的环境保护对策与环境监理。得出：油气开发既要做到和谐生产,又要保护环境;在油气开发中,对环境有影响的应加大修复力度,采取相应的环境保护措施,确保有效、长效的环境保护目标。