Thermal hysteresis in ferrite memory cores

The effects of different writing and reading temperatures on the switching voltage waveform, permeability, and flux state of standard nickel-copper-manganese and copper-manganese ferrite memory cores have been investigated over a temperature range of 0 to 70°C. These temperatures are well below the Curie temperatures of the materials being tested. It has been found that writing at a higher temperature than the read temperature leads to increased low temperature voltage switching thresholds, higher low frequency (<40 MHz) permeabilities, lower high frequency (>40 MHz) permeabilities, and flux states almost equal to the equilibrium value for the lower temperature. Read current pulse rise time and duration have been found to have no effect on the increase in threshold with temperature. Externally produced stresses have been used to simulate the effects of temperature changes on the core.     

A quasi-static magnetic hysteresis loop measurement system with drift correction

A method to overcome the residual drift problem inherent to M-H quasi-static hysteresis loop measurements is described. The solution is based on the magnetic hysteresis symmetry properties and was implemented in a computer-controlled inductive measurement system with frequency range 3-100 MHz for straight and circular samples particularly of soft amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys. Results obtained for several samples are presented showing the ability of the method to remove the residual drift.     

An experimental study of flux presetting-resetting characteristics of magnetic cores with rectangular hysteresis loop

When magnetic cores with a square hysteresis loop are used for a time delay Crcuit or a pulse counter circuit, and if these circuits are designed by the use of the static hysteresis loop, the ac magnetization curve, or the control magnetization curve (CMC) which is the basic characteristic of a magnetic amplifier, there is apt to be a marked discrepancy between their design values and measured values. Since, in the flux control of magnetic cores used for a time delay circuit or a pulse counter circuit, the flux, contrary to the case with a magnetic amplifier, arrives at the negative saturation from the positive saturation by many intermittent signal voltages, a new characteristic quite different from CMC and other characteristics must be adopted as the standard of the design in this case. It was for this reason that instantaneous relation between the rate of flux change and the exciting current was examined in the case in which real flux resetting behaviors of a time delay circuit or a pulse counter circuit were taken into consideration, by using grain-oriented 50 per cent permalloy as the sample, with a view to obtaining core characteristics serviceable enough for exact design methods of a time delay circuit or a pulse counter circuit. Various useful results have been obtained as to: 1) how the correlation between rate of flux changedPhi/dtand instantaneous values of exciting current icchanges in proportion to the flux values, 2) how the amount of reset fluxDeltaPhi_{r}will change according to the flux valuePhiand the rate of flux changedPhi/dt, and 3) how the above-mentioned relations are connected to the tape thickness of the magnetic core. This paper reports the results of this investigation.     

Element-specific hysteresis loop measurements on Individual 35 nm islands with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy

Using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy combined with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, element-specific hysteresis loops with a 25 nm X-ray probe are obtained on 35 nm Fe/Gd multilayer nanoislands fabricated by extreme ultra-violet interference lithography. Local hysteresis loops measured for the individual islands and the antidot film between the islands display similar behavior resulting from the lateral confinement. Line scan measurements confirm ferrimagnetic coupling between Fe and Gd in the patterned region. The ability to measure magnetization reversal with X-rays at high spatial resolution will provide an important tool for future characterization of sub-50 nm nanostructures.     

Influence of space-charge on hysteresis loop characteristics of ferroelectric thin films

Hysteresis loops of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films obtained by using a Sawyer-Tower (ST) circuit are affected by many factors. This paper investigated the influence of space charge on the hysteresis loop of thin-film ferroelectrics, based on the model that polarization consists of two parts: linear and switching polarization. It is found that the space charge affects both the shape and offset of the ideal hysteresis loop. Further investigation shows that the practical hysteresis loop has a close relationship with the equivalent ST circuit parameters: the leakage resistance of the FE film, the equivalent input impedance of the measurement equipment, the signal source, and other similar parameters. The normally assumed symmetric hysteresis loop without any offset is obtained with an ST circuit when the output becomes stable. The hysteresis loop obtained at the initial stage of applied signal depends on the initial status of the FE film, and remnant polarization causes an initial offset that gradually disappears.     

基于元胞自动机的薄膜磁滞回线的计算机模拟

利用Stoner-Wohlfarth模型,概率型元胞自动机的模型和算法,在考虑了退磁场和交换作用的情况下对薄膜的磁滞回线进行了模拟,比较了温度以及和易轴取向变化时磁化曲线以及剩磁矩形比和矫顽力的不同及变化趋势.退磁场和交换作用的引入对磁化翻转过程有显著的影响,剩磁矩形比和矫顽力都有不同程度的提高.     

The effects of stress on a ferromagnet on a minor hysteresis loop

Reversible and irreversible changes in magnetization due to stress on a minor hysteresis loop were studied at various magnetic field strengths. It was found that the irreversible changes were not always directed toward the principal anhysteretic, contrary to Jiles and Atherton's hypothesis (1986). Also, two different demagnetization methods were used within the minor loop to test the existence of postulated offset anhysteretic curves. The results of asymmetric demagnetizations seemed to support this suggestion     

基于迟滞回线模型的非线性金属橡胶传递率分析

通过理论和试验对某金属橡胶非线性隔振器的传递特性进行了研究。基于含干摩擦阻尼的非线性迟滞力学模型,采用平均法求出系统的频率响应函数,从理论角度探究不同运动状态下的传递率及实现无谐振的条件;根据频率响应函数确定解锁频率与实现无谐振的临界干摩擦力;利用动态加载试验识别隔振器的力学参数,通过振动实验验证了理论结果。所得结论对金属橡胶隔振器的设计和应用具有重要的指导意义。     

The equation of a contour and the form factor of a hysteresis loop

A procedure for the determination of the parameters of actual diagrams of cyclic deformation is developed on the basis of experimental and theoretical investigations of cyclic stress-strain diagrams for steels. This diagram characterizes the dependence of strains on stresses in a loading cycle in the region of the transition from low-cycle fatigue to multicycle and proper multicycle fatigues. The correspondence between the amplitudes of plastic and residual deformations is established and the formula for the determination of the form factor of a hysteresis loop is proposed. Numerical data are compared with experimental results for 45 and 15313 steels and with data obtained by other authors. Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 3, pp. 30–38, May–June, 1997.     

Analytical expression for the hysteresis loop width of bistable tunable external cavity semiconductor lasers

We investigated the power-frequency bistability of a grating external cavity laser diode (ECLD), which operates in the strong feedback regime, by studying the threshold carrier density and related refractive index. The frequency width of the hysteresis loop has been expressed in an explicit analytical form in terms of the linewidth enhancement factor, and the reflectivities of the external grating reflector as well as the diode facet that faces it.