中成药结合5-FU、奥沙利铂辅助治疗大肠癌术后的疗效观察

目的比较中成药康艾注射液联合5-FU、奥沙利铂与单用化疗对大肠癌术后的临床疗效。方法大肠癌术后患者,随机分组为治疗组(中成药 化疗)和对照组(化疗)。各组均治疗4-6个疗程,观察生活质量和毒副反应的同时,比较复发时间、复发率、1-3年生存率和中位生存期。结果治疗组在改善临床症状和毒副反应明显优于对照组(P<0.05),但在1￣2年生存期比较差异无意义(P>0.05),而在累计死亡率、3年生存期、中位生存期以及复发率等方面差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论中成药康艾注射液可明显改善大肠癌患者生活质量和减少化疗药物毒副反应,并对术后患者可延长生命和减少复发,可见选择中成药配合化疗是很有意义的临床治疗方案。     

腹腔化疗在卵巢癌中的临床应用

目的观察与比较腹腔化疗在卵巢癌患者间的疗效与副反应情况。方法选择2004年1月至2008年5月间我院收治卵巢癌患者54例卵巢癌患者随机分成A、B两组。应用系统化疗pp方案,A、B组分别通过腹腔给药和静脉给药,观察各组的疗效与副反应。结果A组有效率稍高于B组,但统计学显示无明显差异(P>0.05)。A组1～2疗程后即能明显控制腹水生成,腹胀明显减轻。B组第3疗程仍有部分病例出现腹水。结论腹腔化疗直接作用于肿瘤细胞,达到杀灭作用,减少腹水的生成,提高患者的生活质量。     

赫赛汀治疗Her2阳性转移性乳腺癌26例疗效观察

目的观察并探讨赫赛汀治疗Her2阳性转移性乳腺癌26例患者的疗效。方法观察临床治疗组的26例和对照组22例,全部病例均为Her2阳性的转移性乳腺癌患者。治疗组给予赫赛汀联合多西他赛化疗,对照组仅给予多西他赛化疗,对2组的疗效进行了比较,并观察赫赛汀联合多西他赛的毒副反应、Her2表达强度与赫赛汀联合泰素治疗疗效之间的关系。结果赫赛汀联合泰素治疗26例中,完全缓解(CR)7例,部分缓解(PR)11例,无变化(NC)3例,进展(PD)5例,有效率(CR+PR)为69.2%,明显高于对照组40.8%。对照组CR有5例,PR4例,NC4例,PD9例。结论赫赛汀治疗Her2阳性转移性乳腺癌26例疗效显著,近期缓解率与Her2表达状况相关,不良反应发生率较低。     

吉西他滨联合卡铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效分析

目的评价老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者吉西他滨联合卡铂化疗的疗效、毒副反应及耐受性。方法对住院治疗的21例老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者采用吉西他滨1.0g/m2 d1,d8静滴,卡铂AUC=5 d1静滴,21d为一周期,至少治疗2个周期。2个周期后评价疗效及毒副反应,并随访评判缓解期及生存期。结果21例患者中,无CR病例,PR10例,SD6例,PD5例,总有效率(CR PR)为47.6%,中位生存时间10.6个月(7～23个月),1年生存率46%。主要毒副反应:骨髓抑制,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度白细胞、血小板下降发生率分别为14.3%和4.8%。结论吉西他滨联合卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效较好,毒副反应轻,患者耐受好,是一个较理想的化疗方案。     

易瑞沙在局部晚期或转移性非小细胞肺癌患者的应用

目的探讨易瑞沙治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌或转移性非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效。方法对我院2006～2008年40例经放化疗失败的局部非小细胞肺癌晚期或转移性非小细胞肺癌患者,口服易瑞沙250mg/次,每天1次,空腹或与食物同服,服药期间不接受任何抗肿瘤治疗,但可接受镇痛、营养等对症处理,不可耐受的毒副反应或服药1个月后疗效评价进展者即停用,中位应用时间为4个月。结果40例可评价疗效病例中,完全缓解0例,部分缓解9例,疾病稳定20例,疾病进展11例。结论易瑞沙可延缓放化疗失败的晚期非小细胞肺癌的生存期,不良反应相对较轻,临床获益率高,患者的生活质量有所改善,值得推广。     

华蟾素联合化疗晚期乳腺癌160例分析

目的研究华蟾素联合化疗中西医结合治疗晚期乳腺癌临床分析,观察其疗效及毒副反应。方法将160例晚期乳腺癌患者随机分为化疗联合华蟾素疗组及单纯化疗组对照组,单纯化疗组主要应用CAF方案治疗,联合治疗组化疗在此基础上应用华蟾素20mL注射液,连续使用2个疗程,观察近期疗效、毒副反应及生活质量。结果华蟾素联合化疗组的有效率为70.00%,单纯化疗组为55.00%,差异存在显著性,P<0.05;在改善病人生存质量及毒副反应方面,联合治疗组明显优于单纯化疗组,P<0.05,差异有显著性。结论华蟾素联合化疗治疗晚期乳腺癌,毒副反应轻,疗效好,临床上值得推广应用。     

艾迪注射液对进展期胃癌化疗患者近期疗效指标影响

目的观察艾迪注射液对进展期胃癌化疗患者近期疗效指标影响。方法连续选择近期来我院接受化疗的进展期胃癌患者77例,根据自愿原则分组,艾迪注射液治疗(治疗组)35例和未接受艾迪注射液治疗(对照组)42例,治疗后评估近期疗效指标。结果治疗组近期临床有效率51.42%,CR3例(8.57%),PR15例(42.85%),NC6例(17.14%),PD11例(31.42%),对照组分别为51.42%、7.14%、38.09%、19.04%和35.71%,2组近期疗效相差不明显(P0.05),但治疗组各项消化道毒、副作用反应评分明显低于对照组(P0.05～0.01)。结论艾迪注射液治疗可明显减轻进展期胃癌化疗患者毒、副作用反应,但对近期疗效影响不明显。     

恩度治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌临床疗效观察

目的探讨恩度治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌临床疗效、毒副作用。方法 118例中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为2组,对照组58例,采用单纯化疗,长春瑞宾25mg/m2第1天、第8天给药,顺铂80mg/m2第2～4天给药,3周为1个周期。治疗组60例化疗方案同对照组,并于每周化疗第1天开始给予恩度15mg,静脉滴注,连用14d。2个治疗周期结束后对其近期疗效、毒副反应进行评价。结果治疗组有效率为58.33%,对照组为31.03%,差异具有显著意义(P<0.01)。治疗组3例出现皮肤瘙痒,5例出现消化道反应,无一例出现肾脏损害、心电图改变。对照组3例出现心悸表现中途停药,5例出现皮肤瘙痒,6例出现消化道反应,1例出现肾脏损害。结论恩度治疗癌症患者副反应轻,对患者伤害小,提高疾病缓解率。     

吉西他滨联合放疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的初步疗效观察

目的探讨吉西他滨联合放疗同期治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床价值。方法60例经鼻咽MR及活检病理确诊为鼻咽癌(III￣Ⅳ期)患者随机分成两组。对照组30例行常规连续分割放射治疗,鼻咽部放射总量66～76 Gy,颈淋巴转移灶放射总量64-68Gy,治疗组30例在对照组基础上,加用吉西他滨1250mg/m2iv drip,分别在放射治疗开始第1、8、21、28天化疗与放疗同时进行。结果治疗组和对照组鼻咽部病灶完全消退率分别为93.3%和83.3%,两者差异无统计学意义;颈淋巴结完全消退率分别为86.6%和63.3%,两者差异有统计学意义,毒副反应在白细胞减少方面治疗组比对照组明显,两者差异有统计学意义,但均可耐受。结论吉西他滨联合放疗同期治疗晚期鼻咽癌较单纯放疗疗效高,毒副反应可以耐受。     

Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌同步放化疗临床分析

目的探讨同步放化疗治疗Ⅲ期不能手术非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法56例不能手术的Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者接受放疗同时给予足叶乙甙100mg/m2(第1～3天) 顺铂40mg/m2(第1～3天),21d后重复。放化疗在同一天开始进行,放疗总量DT60～70 Gy/6～7周。结果有效率(CR PR)为71%(40/56),1、2年生存率分别为64.3%(36/56)、42.8%(24/56)。结论同步放化疗可提高Ⅲ期不能手术非小细胞肺癌的局部无进展生存率和总生存率,但同步放化疗的毒副反应有增加趋势,但患者可以耐受。     

A simplified and generalized model for the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions

A set of analytical equations is derived for the estimation of the average diameter attained by particles that are generated by the rapid expansion of a supercritical solution (RESS). Applying the simplified model to one specific, but nevertheless representative set of experimental conditions for RESS processing, theoretical findings from earlier work could be generally confirmed and new insight was gained. Particles generated by RESS through an expansion device having a cylindrical section with a small aspect ratio will generally not attain average diameters of more than 20–50 nm before passing through the critical cross section since the time available for growth by condensation is limited to a few microseconds. Comparing three different driving mechanisms for growth due to coagulation, it was found that the effects of slip flow differences can be seen as most promising to significantly improve existing RESS models.     

Synergistic effects of β‐modification and impact polypropylene copolymer on brittle‐ductile transition of polypropylene random copolymer

In this work, the synergistic effects of β‐modification and impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) on brittle–ductile (B–D) transition behavior of polypropylene random copolymer (PPR) have been investigated. It is interesting to find that adding both IPC and β‐nucleating agent into PPR has three effects: (i) leading to a significant enhancement in β‐crystallization capability of PPR, (ii) contributing to the shift of B–D transition to lower temperatures, (iii) increasing the B–D transition rate. The reason for these changes can be interpreted from the following two aspects. On one hand, the transition of crystalline structure from α‐form to β‐form reduces the plastic resistance of PPR matrix, thus causing the initiation of matrix shear yielding much easier during the impact process. On the other hand, the well dispersed rubbery phase in IPC with high molecular mobility at relatively low temperatures is beneficial to the shear yielding of PPR matrix and, subsequently, the great improvement in impact toughness of the ternary blends. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Current Status of Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models: Ischemic Preconditioning and Molecular Factors

Skin flaps are necessary in plastic and reconstructive surgery for the removal of skin cancer, wounds, and ulcers. A skin flap is a portion of skin with its own blood supply that is partially separated from its original position and moved from one place to another. The use of skin flaps is often accompanied by cell necrosis or apoptosis due to ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor of kappa B (IκB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and oxygen free radicals are known causative agents of cell necrosis and apoptosis. To prevent I/R injury, many investigators have suggested the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, stem-cell therapies, and drug-based therapies. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a strategy used to prevent I/R injury. IPC is an experimental technique that uses short-term repetition of occlusion and reperfusion to adapt the area to the loss of blood supply. IPC can prevent I/R injury by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine activity. Various stem cell applications have been studied to facilitate flap survival and promote angiogenesis and vascularization in animal models. The possibility of constructing tissue engineered flaps has also been investigated. Although numerous animal studies have been published, clinical data with regard to IPC in flap reconstruction have never been reported. In this study, we present various experimental skin flap methods, IPC methods, and methods utilizing molecular factors associated with IPC.     

Synthesis of nylon 6,6 copolymers with aromatic polyamide structure

In this article, flexible nylon 6,6 was reinforced with rigid‐chain aromatic polyamides based on poly(4,4′‐diphenylsulfone terephthalamide) (PSA), poly(p‐diphenyl oxide terephthalamide) (POA), poly(p‐diphenylmethane terephthalamide) (PMA), and isophthaloyl chloride (IPC). Various high molecular weight block copolyamides were synthesized by solution polymerization using p‐aminophenylacetic acid (p‐APA) as a coupling agent. Their thermal properties show that the block copolyamides exhibit higher values of T_g and T_m and better thermal stability than those of nylon 6,6, especially the IPC‐modified nylon 6,6. The order of increased thermal properties of copolyamides is IPC > POA > PMA > PSA. From wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns, it was found that nylon 6,6 has two diffraction peaks, that is, 2θ = 20.5° and 23°, while the multiblock copolymers showed only one at 2θ = 20°, indicating a different crystal structure. It was found that the mechanical properties of the IPC‐modified nylon 6,6 were improved more than those of the semirigid copolyamides. The order of tensile strength was IPC > PSA > PMA > POA, but for elongation, it was POA > PMA > PSA > IPC. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2167–2175, 2001     

Influence of nucleation on the brittle‐ductile transition temperature of impact‐resistant polypropylene copolymer: From the sight of phase morphology

Influence of α‐ and β‐nucleation on brittle‐ductile transition temperature (BDTT) of impact‐resistant polypropylene copolymers (IPCs) and their phase morphologies were comparatively investigated. Impact test showed that the BDTT of β‐nucleated IPC (β‐IPC) is ～ 24°C lower than that of α‐nucleated one (α‐IPC). Structural characterizations including atomic force and scanning electron microscopic observations, small angle X‐ray scattering examination, and dynamical mechanical analysis revealed that dispersion of the ethylene‐propylene random copolymer‐rich (EPR‐rich) phase was finer in β‐IPC in comparison with that in α‐IPC. For the reason of looser lamellar arrangement, the portion of EPR‐rich components included in the interlamellar region of β‐IPC was higher than those of α‐IPC, which led to improved mobility for the amorphous polypropylene chains. It was proposed that the finer distribution of EPR‐rich phase, which might result from faster growth rate of the β‐crystal and looser lamellar arrangement of β‐spherulite, should be responsible for the improved impact‐resistance and lower BDTT in β‐IPC samples. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Evaluation of a low temperature hardening Inorganic Phosphate Cement for high-temperature applications

Phase and mechanical changes of Inorganic Phosphate Cement (IPC) are identified along with changes in macro properties as functions of temperature and time. In addition to amorphous phases, the presence of significant amounts of brushite and wollastonite in the reference IPC is confirmed using X-ray diffraction. The thermal behavior of IPC up to 1000 °C shows that contraction of the solid phase in IPC due to chemical transformations causes reduction in the volume of the material. Also the ongoing meta-stable calcium phosphate transformations and reactions over a long time contribute significantly to the phase instability of the material at ambient conditions. It is found that the strength of IPC increases with ageing at ambient conditions but the formation microcracks below 105 °C causes a sharp reduction in the mechanical performance of IPC. According to the results obtained by Mercury intrusion porosimetry, the pore system of the reference IPC is dominated by mesopores.     

Role of crystalline ethylene‐propylene copolymer on mechanical properties of impact polypropylene copolymer

Impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) has been known as a multiphase material in which an ethylene‐propylene (EP) random copolymer, serves as toughening component, is dispersed in the homo‐polypropylene hPP matrix. The crystalline EP copolymer (cEP) is another component whose role and microstructural effect on the IPC properties has not been well understood. This work reveals the relationship between the microstructure of cEP and the mechanical properties, that is, impact and tensile resistance, of IPC. We clarify that IPC comprising high contents of cEP with long homo‐PP segment can extend the elongation at break while cEP with high content of homo‐PE segment contributes to high impact strength. Mechanisms for both of these processes have been proposed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

硫酸钡表面改性及其在PVC中的性能研究

使用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)、γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)、γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)以及硬脂酸(SA)对沉淀硫酸钡(BaSO4)粉末进行表面处理,并使用接触角测试仪、管式炉和红外光谱仪对改性BaSO4进行表征。进一步将改性BaSO4添加到聚氯乙烯(PVC)中,研究了它们对PVC/BaSO4复合材料基本力学性能的影响,并分析了复合材料冲击截面的断裂面形貌。结果表明,改性BaSO4的表面接触角显著增大,红外光谱显示有基团峰出现,质量损失率明显变大,其中SA的改性效果最佳,接触角为134.5°,质量损失率为4.65%。和添加未改性BaSO4的PVC复合材料相比较而言,添加改性BaSO4的PVC复合材料的拉伸性能和撕裂性能均有所增强,硬度变化不大,其中,总体上SA的表面改性效果最佳,PVC/BaSO4复合材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和邵氏D硬度分别达到28.68 MPa、151.03 N/mm、70.2。复合材料断裂表面的扫描电子显微镜分析表明,经过改性的BaSO4粉末在复合材料中的分散性变得更好。     

硫酸法和氯化法钛白能耗分析与评述

钛白生产方法有硫酸法和氯化法两种,究竟哪一种方法好一直存在争议。从化学热力学角度,推算硫酸法和氯化法生产钛白的理论能耗,结果表明氯化法比硫酸法理论能耗低,氯化法具有节能优势。以钛铁矿原料为基态,比较硫酸法和氯化法的综合能耗,结果表明氯化法仍具有节能优势。以钛铁矿原料为基态,比较硫酸法产品（主产品为钛白,副产品为绿矾）和氯化法产品（主产品为钛白,副产品为粗铁）万元产值的能耗,结果表明氯化法仍具有明显的优势。究竟选择哪一种生产方法,能耗指标仅仅是一个方面,还要从投资、技术来源、运行成本、产品质量等方面综合考虑。     

Polyethylene‐Palygorskite nanocomposite prepared via in situ coordinated polymerization

A polyethylene/palygorskite nano‐composite (IPC composite) was prepared via an in‐situ coordinated polymerization method, using TiCl₄ supported on palygorskite fibers as catalyst and alkyl aluminum as co‐catalyst. These composites were compared with those prepared by melt blending (MBC composites). It was found that in the IPC composites, nano‐size fibers of palygorskite were uniformly dispersed in the polyethylene matrix. In contrast, in the MBC composites, the palygorskite was dispersed as large clusters of fibers. Regarding the mechanical properties of the IPCs, the tensile modulus increased and the elongation at break decreased with increasing fiber content, while the tensile strength passed through a maximum. The tensile strength and elongation at break were much smaller for the MBC composites. The final degree of crystallinity of the IPC composites decreased with increasing palygorskite content. Regarding the kinetics of crystallization, the ratio between the degree of crystallinity at a given time and the final one was a universal function of time. It was found that large amouns of gel were present in the IPC composites and much smaller amountes in the MBC composites.