依达拉奉联合用法舒地尔治疗88例缺血性脑卒中疗效观察

目的观察依达拉奉联合法舒地尔治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效。方法对治疗组88例患者,对照组40例患者均给予脑梗死常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用依达拉奉联合盐酸法舒地尔,观察记录2组患者治疗前后症状、体征,神经功能缺损程度评分等各项指标。结果本研究中,2组患者接受治疗后均有明显疗效,但治疗组在神经功能缺损程度评分、有效患者例数和总有效率上均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论依达拉奉联合法舒地尔治疗缺血性脑卒中可清除自由基,使脑梗死区域缺血半暗带的神经细胞功能得以恢复,减轻神经功能的损伤,有效的治疗缺血性脑卒中,效果明显,且无明显不良反应,适合在脑梗死临床治疗上推广。     

The vibration welding of poly(butylene terephthalate) and a polycarbonate/poly(butylene terephthalate) blend to each other and to other resins and blends

Vibration welding is used to assess the weldability of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and a polycarbonate/poly(butylene terephthalate) blend (PC/PBT) to each other and to other resins and blends: PBT to PC/PBT, PBT to modified poly(phenylene oxide) (M-PPO), PBT to polyetherimide (PEI) and PEI to a 65 wt% mineral-filled polyester blend (65-PF-PEB), PBT to a poly(phenylene oxide)/polyamide blend (PPO/PA), PC/PBT to M-PPO, and PC/PBT to PPO/PA. Based on the tensile strength of the weaker of the two materials in each pair, the following relative weld strengths have been demonstrated: PBT to PC/PBT,98%; PBT to PEI, 95%; 65-PF-PEB to PEI, 92%; and PC/PBT to M-PPO, 73%. PBT neither welds to M-PPO nor to PPO/PA, and PC/PBT does not weld to PPO/PA.     

基于大数据分析的废旧塑料利用率算法

概述了我国废旧塑料再生利用现状及应用领域,通过大数据回归分析建立了废旧塑料利用率的算法模型,测算我国2009—2019年的废旧塑料利用率.2009—2014年,废旧塑料利用率从12.0％升至16.0％,2015—2019年略微下降.2009—2015年,塑料回收利用量持续增长,2016年,回收利用量有所下降,2017—...     

Developments in coatings for military vehicles

Conclusions  The MOD operates a wide range of transportation equipment and to ensure that these systems are able to operate in a range of environments a suite of advanced coatings are needed. Environmental legislation has provided a major impetus to introduce new coatings but in addition to the introduction of materials with low solvent contents it has provided an opportunity to introduce materials with improved performance. Unique to the military environment is the need to develop new materials with specific properties to counteract electromagnetic surveillance techniques. In order to undertake this work, knowledge relating to the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter as well as paint technology is needed. A third driver in the pursuit of advanced coatings is the need to seek cost effective technology in an age when government departments are under pressure to provide greatest value for money.     

安克锰锌在荔枝树上施用的残留代谢消解规律与安全性评价

安克锰锌是烯酰吗啉两个异构体和代森锰锌组成的多元混合制剂。试样经粉碎、溶剂浸泡提取、混合柱净化,用气相色谱测定烯酰吗啉和代森锰锌母体(CS2),液相色谱测定代谢物乙撑硫脲(ETU)。仪器最低检出量:烯酰吗啉为1.436×10-12g,代森锰锌母体1.326×10-10g,ETU2.5×10-10g,最低检出浓度依次为0.02、0.025、0.02mg/kg,方法回收率依次为86.4%～90.8%、89.2%～95.9%、89.10%～95.13%;标准偏差为0.53～4.34;变异系数为0.58%～4.62%。安克锰锌在果皮中的消解方程广西和广东分别为C=1.2719e-0.1975T和C=1.045e-0.1972T,半衰期(T/2)均为3.5d;土壤中分别为C=0.8734e-0.1187T和C=0.6171e-0.1146T,半衰期(T/2)=6d;最高剂量250倍、最多施3次,最短距收期7d,在果肉中均未检出,果皮和土壤中的残留仅分别为0.1385～0.1745mg/kg和0.3105～0.3415mg/kg,均低于欧共体规定代森锰锌MRL值0.5mg/kg。     

绿色环保意识的趋向

随着消费者环保意识的提高,人们除了认清绿色环保能对社会和全世界起到巨大的促进作用,还认为绿色环保能够直接、积极地反映其社会地位,在某种程度上反映出消费者自己的绿色环保意识。介绍了消费者对"绿色化"的认识,对"绿色产品"的期望以及生产厂家对"绿色原料"的认证和对"可持续发展"所做的贡献。     

Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate

The effectiveness of large single applications of North Carolina reactive rock phosphate, Queensland non-reactive rock phosphate, and Calciphos, were compared to the effectiveness of superphosphate in field experiments in south-western Australia for up to 11 years after application. As measured using plant yield, superphosphate was the most effective fertilizer in the year of application, and relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of the superphosphate residues declined to be about 15 to 65% as effective in the year after application, and 5 to 20% as effective 9 to 10 years after application. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, all the rock phosphates were 10 to 30% as effective in the year of application, and the residues remained 2 to 20% as effective in the 10 years after application. The bicarbonate soil test reagent predicted a more gradual decrease in effectiveness of superphosphate of up to 70% 10 years after application. For rock phosphate, the reagent predicted effectiveness to be always lower than for superphosphate, being initially 2 to 11% as effective in the year after application, and from 10% to equally as effective 10 years later. Therefore rock phosphates are unlikely to be economic alternatives to superphosphate in the short or long term on most lateritic soils in south-western Australia.     

Adhesives in construction: A contractor's viewpoint

The development of epoxy- and polyester-based adhesives has dramatically widened the scope of adhesive bonding in the civil engineering industry but the technology of the adhesives used has often been more appropriate to the workshop than to the construction site. There is a need for the suppliers of structural adhesives to recognize this and to develop compositions and application techniques more amenable to site use. It is equally necessary for the construction industry to make more effort to understand these materials, to take advantage of their outstanding properties, and hence to use them successfully for the construction and repair of concrete structures.     

可编程控制器编程技巧

PLC软件编制思路及方法为：理解工程图纸中各种原理图；熟悉工艺流程，编写逻辑框图，软件重点应用考虑故障；以“点”带“面”进行编程；程序调试。     

An algorithm for generating color scales for both categorical and ordinal coding

Previous research has shown multihue scales to be well‐suited to code categorical features and shown lightness scales to be well‐suited to code ordinal quantities. We introduce an algorithm, Motley, that produces color scales varying in both hue and lightness, intended to be effective for both categorical and ordinal coding, allowing users to determine both absolute and relative quantities efficiently and accurately. The algorithm first determines the lightnesses of scale colors to maximize perceived lightness differences and establish the lightness ordering, generating separate search spaces for each scale position. It then selects hues by heuristic search to maximize the discriminability of the scale. It produces scales that are ordered with respect to lightness but unordered with respect to hue and thus more discriminable than typical multihue lightness scales. In an experimental evaluation on human subjects, Motley's scales enabled accurate judgments of relative quantity, with response times superior to unordered multihue scales and comparable to ordered lightness scales, and enabled accuracy and speed of judgments of absolute quantity superior to lightness scales and comparable to multihue scales. Published 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Col Res Appl, 2010.     

The annual cycle of Flehmen in black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus)

Flehmen is a stereotyped response of ungulates and other mammals to urine. In black-tailed deer, Flehmen occurs typically in males (rarely in females), and its frequency shows an annual cycle. Flehmen in response to female urine was most frequent in November, and to male urine in January. The response minimum to both types of urine occurred in May. Fifty-five to 100% of initial responses to female urine resulted in Flehmen. The deer responded more often to female urine, and the difference between the responses to female and male urine increased from May to November. A male's own urine released Flehmen more often than did urine of other males. The response intensity varied with the spatial orientation of the male to the urinating female, and responses were usually limited to distances of 15 m or less.     

Consolidation of sand formation using freon'll gas hydrate

Freon 11 gas hydrate was used to block the pores of four size ranges of sand from 24 mesh to 60 mesh. A 50.8 mm deep bed of sand when thus “frozen” with hydrate could sustain a dfferential water pressure of at least 6895 kPa. A subcooling of about 5 to 6°C below its thermodynamic formation temperature was required to cause the hydrate to form such a plug. Once formed, the hydrate remained stable at temperatures up to its decomposition temperature. The time required for the hydrate crystal to grow to a size large enough to block the pores of the bed was about two hours. The amount of hydrate forming agent required to block the sand pores was found to be approximately that calculated from the ideal composition of the hydrate.     

Mitochondrial adaptations to oxidative stress confer resistance to apoptosis in lymphoma cells

Acquired resistance to drugs commonly used for lymphoma treatment poses a significant barrier to improving lymphoma patient survival. Previous work with a lymphoma tissue culture model indicates that selection for resistance to oxidative stress confers resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. This suggests that adaptation to chronic oxidative stress can contribute to chemoresistance seen in lymphoma patients. Oxidative stress-resistant WEHI7.2 cell variants in a lymphoma tissue culture model exhibit a range of apoptosis sensitivities. We exploited this phenotype to test for mitochondrial changes affecting sensitivity to apoptosis in cells made resistant to oxidative stress. We identified impaired release of cytochrome c, and the intermembrane proteins adenylate kinase 2 and Smac/DIABLO, indicating inhibition of the pathway leading to permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Blunting of a glucocorticoid-induced signal and intrinsic mitochondrial resistance to cytochrome c release contributed to both points of resistance. The level of Bcl-2 family members or a difference in Bim induction were not contributing factors. The extent of cardiolipin oxidation following dexamethasone treatment, however, did correlate with apoptosis resistance. The differences found in the variants were all proportionate to the degree of resistance to glucocorticoid treatment. We conclude that tolerance to oxidative stress leads to mitochondrial changes that confer resistance to apoptosis.     

生成兴趣的大学教学

大学教育不仅仅是教给学生课本上的知识,更重要的是教会他们学习的方法,如何去获取有用的知识,以及如何利用所学的知识去解决实际问题。如何培养大学低年级学生的学习兴趣,如果引导他们主动去学习,在化学实验课上,又如何主动细致的去完成动手部分的学习,将是我们大学教学工作中急需要改进和提高的重要部分。     

Glass Formation, a Contemporary View

The process of glass formation is discussed from several perspectives. Particular attention is directed to kinetic treatments of glass formation and to the question of how fast a given liquid must be cooled in order to form a glass. Specific consideration is paid to the calculation of critical cooling rates for glass formation, to the effects of nucleating heterogeneities and transients in nucleation on the critical cooling rates, to crystallization on reheating a glass, to the experimental determination of nucleation rates and barriers to crystal nucleation, and to the characteristics of materials which are most conducive to glass formation.     

PARAMETERS ESTIMATION FOR A FIRST ORDER IRREVERSIBLE REACTION. A STOCHASTIC APPROACH

A first order irreversible reaction is investigated using a stochastic model in order to account for the perturbations inherent to any chemical process. The main conclusion is that the concentration is distributed according to a lognormal law rather than to a normal one. This approach leads to a maximum likelihood estimate of the kinetic constant which is different with respect to the usual least squares estimate. Moreover, the stochastic model allows us to predict not only the expected value of the concentration, but to get a confidence interval, too. Statistical tests are provided in order to detect outliers, high-leverage and influential points.     

东濮凹陷滚动勘探开发实践——东濮环洼

以层序地层学理论为基础,提出应用坡折带理论寻找陆相湖盆斜坡带油气藏的方法。通过东濮凹陷的中央隆起带北部濮卫环洼带滚动勘探开发实例,分析和总结构造坡折带成因机制、特点和构造样式。提出坡折带圈闭条件好,储层发育,是环洼聚油气条件最有利地区;沿着坡折带延伸方向砂体发育程度变差,储量丰度相继降低;高台阶油气充满程度最高。通过“十.五”期间的实践发现并动用了一批储量,取得了较好的滚动勘探开发效果。     

Optimal biocompatible solvent design for a two-stage extractive fermentation process with cell recycling

In this study, crisp and fuzzy multiple-goal optimization approaches are respectively introduced to design an optimal biocompatible solvent to a two-stage extractive fermentation with cell recycling for ethanol production. When designing a biocompatible solvent for the extractive fermentation process, many issues, such as extractive efficiency, conversion, amount of solvent utilized and so on, have to be considered. An interactive multiple-goal design procedure is introduced to determine a trade-off result in order to satisfy such contradicted goals. Both approaches could be iterated to solve the interactive multiple-goal design problem in order to yield a trade-off result. However, the crisp optimization design is a tedious task that requires the designer to provide various pairs of the upper bounds for the design problem to obtain the corresponding solution. The fuzzy optimization approach is able to be trade-off several goals simultaneously and to yield the overall satisfactory grade for the product/process design problem.     

高效、清洁、高附加值原则指导下适度、有序发展煤化工产业

针对我国可持续发展面临的能源瓶颈,指出适度、有序发展煤化工产业是我国现有能源结构环境下的必然选择。在低碳理念指导下,提出了煤炭资源的分质利用原则、高能效利用原则、综合利用原则、因地制宜利用原则和高附加值利用原则,比较分析了煤的各种化学转化途径,阐述了含氧醇醚材料替代石油路线、煤制芳烃、煤/天然气/煤层气制备乙炔等具有前景的清洁、高效转化过程,期望为煤化工产业的健康、有序发展提供科学思路。     

煤或天然气经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺研究新进展

由煤或天然气经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺是解决石油资源紧张、低碳烯烃需求量越来越大等问题的有效路线。介绍了几种有代表性的经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺,包括美国UOP/Hydro甲醇制烯烃工艺,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所的合成气经由二甲醚制低碳烯烃(SDTO)工艺,德国Lurgi公司的甲醇制丙烯工艺,以及甲醇制烯烃与AtoFina/UOP烯烃裂解的集成工艺;分析了各工艺目前达到的技术指标及最近的技术改进,关注了各工艺近几年的工业化进程。除了SDTO工艺外,其他几种工艺有望在未来几年内实现工业化。国内甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺的开发应借助于流化催化裂化成熟的工程设计经验,同时加大甲醇制烯烃工艺流化床催化剂的开发力度。