PHASE INTERFACE SEGREGATION OF Mg IN A Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY IN100

The segregation of Mg to phase interfaces in a nickel base superalloy IN 100 has been investi-gated using EPT(Electron Microprobe Technique).AES(Auger Electron Spectroscopy)and EDS analyses on thin TEM film.The results show that Mg segregates to the phase inter-faces of MC/γ and γ′/γ.The segregation concentration and layer thickness of Mg onMC/γ phase interface are larger than that on γ′/γ phase interface.Mg is not only a grainboundary segregation element,but also a phase interface segregation one.     

EFFECT OF Mg ON CREEP BEHAVIOR OF A Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY

镍基高温合金中添加适量Mg使γ′相得到强化,从而降低稳态蠕变速率。部分Mg富集于晶界,提高晶界断裂能,延缓裂纹的产生和发展,延长了蠕变第二、第三阶段的寿命。适量添加Mg使晶界和晶内变形协调良好,提高蠕变塑性,并且使蠕变断裂从楔形裂纹为主的机制转变为空洞裂纹为主的机制。     

KINETICS OF Mg EVAPORATION DURING VAR OF A Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY

研究了镍基高温合金Ni-10Cr-15Co-6W-6Mo-4Al-2Ti真空电弧重熔过程中自耗电极熔化特征及电极端部不同区域内Mg的分布。发现在电极侧表面存在着一个重熔金属环,Mg在其中分布相当均匀,而在重熔金属液层及液固两相区内Mg分布则不均匀。金属液层厚度随其在电极端部所处位置而异,其平均值为1—1.5mm。分析结果指出,Mg含量从金属液层/气相界面经液固两相区至原始电极区即随距金属液层/气相界面距离δ_1增加而增加。重熔金属环中Mg含量[Mg]_r及熔化金属液外层(δ_1<0.40mm)中Mg含量均低于重熔锭中Mg含量[Mg]_i。在试验条件下,如自耗电极Mg含量以[Mg]_e代表,则[Mg]_(0.15)=0.18[Mg]_e=[Mg]_r;[Mg]_(0.40)=0.30[Mg]_e=[Mg]_i。真空电弧重熔过程中,Mg挥发主要发生于电极端部熔滴形成阶段,流经电极端面的金属液不能全部暴露于真空下,Mg挥发过程受控于Mg原子由原始电极区向金属液层/气相界面迁移的速度。传质系数K_(12)=0.107cm·s~(-1)。重熔锭中Mg含量[Mg]_i=[Mg]_e exp(-K_(12)·A·γ·W~(-1))。显然,可通过控制电极Mg含量[Mg]_e及熔化速率W来实现最佳Mg控制。     

KINETICS OF Mg EVAPORATION OF A Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY DURING VIM

研究了Ni基高温合金Ni-10Cr-15Co-6W-6Mo-4Al-2Ti真空熔炼过程中Mg挥发动力学。结果表明,真空感应熔炼过程中,当炉内Ar压力保持在100—400mmHg时,合金中Mg挥发速率受Mg在液相边界层中扩散及金属熔池/气相界面挥发反应双重控制,而非受控于气相边界层中Mg的扩散。双重控制时Mg的传质系数为10~(-5)—10~(-2)cm·s~(-2)数量级,而气相边界层中Mg的传质系数为140cm·s~(-1)左右。借助于动力学公式、回归方程及特殊的参数转换,建立了一个简单的Mg挥发数学模型,该模型计算结果与实验室及生产条件下试验数据很好地符合,因此,可通过控制熔炼参数,例如向金属熔池加Mg量,Ar压力,挥发温度及时间等来精确地控制最佳Mg含量。     

EFFECT OF Mg CONTENT ON CREEP BEHAVIOUR OF Ni-BASE WROUGHT SUPERALLOY

在高温镍基变形合金中,加入微量Mg元素,可使晶界中的连续条状碳化物变成不连续的块状,从而提高了蠕变应力指数n;并降低晶界扩散系数,提高其蠕变激活能;使晶界能和碳化物-基体的相界能降低,提高了界面结合力。这些因素抑制了晶界滑动,阻止了裂纹的产生和扩展,显著地改善了合金的蠕变性能和持久寿命。     

一种镍基高温合金的碳化物析出与转化动力学

采用化学分离联合衍射定量分析法,对多相镍基合金进行了定量相分析研究,得到了850—1000℃下MC的分解和M_(23)C_6,M_6C的析出与热暴露时间的双曲线型变化规律。热暴露过程中M_(23)C_6的元素组成一直在变化,刚析出时为(Cr_(0.67)Mo_(0.13)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.07))_(23)C_6,其后Cr量增高,Mo,Ni和Co量减少,最终组成为(Cr_(0.88)Mo_(0.07)Ni_(0.03)Co_(0.02))_(23)C_6。热暴露温度愈高,M_(23)C_6达到最终组成状态愈快。     

DYNAMICS OF PRECIPITATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF CARBIDES IN A Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY

The quantitative analytical method combining the electrolytic extraction with X-raydiffraction analysis to determine the carbides and TCP in a Ni-base superalloy wasdeveloped.The variation of decomposition of MC and precipitation of M_(23)C_6 and M_6C withhot exposure time at 850—1000℃ is shown to conform to hyperbolic law.The elemental con-stitution of M_(23)C_6 changes continutously during the hot exposure process.At the primarystage the constitution of the precipitates is(Cr_(0.67)Mo_(0.13)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.07))_(23)C_6.Then with in-creasing Cr and decreasing Mo,Ni and Co it finally becomes(Cr_(0.88)Mo_(0.07)Ni_(0.03)Co_(0.02))_(23)C_6.The higher the hot exposure temperature,the faster the final constitution of M_(23)C_6 may beachieved.     

少量Mg和Zr对一种Ni-Cr-Ti型变形合金蠕变裂纹长大行为的影响

采用电位法测定单边切口试样700℃下的蠕变裂纹生长,并测定裂纹起始寿命和断裂寿命(t_(rc)和t_r)。用能量率积分(C~*)描述稳态蠕变条件下裂纹顶端附近的场。给出裂纹长大速率与C~*的函数关系,预报的裂纹起始时间与实测值相符。发现合金中加入少量Mg和Zr可以大大延长蠕变裂纹起始寿命和蠕变断裂寿命。     

EFFECT OF Mg AND Zr ADDITION ON CREEP CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOUR OF A Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY

The creep crack growth(CCG)and the time to carck initiation and rupture of specimen(t_(rc)and t_r)were measured by means of electrical potential method on single edge notchedspecimens at 700℃.The field near the crack tip under steady-state creep was represented byenergy rate integral(C~*),and the CCG rate as a function of C~* has been obtained.Theagreement between the predicted and observed t_(rc)values is quite good.It was found that theaddition of small amount of Mg and Zr in the alloys causes t_(rc)and t_r of the specimens to in-crease significantly.     

细晶处理对镍基合金疲劳蠕变交互作用行为的影响

本文研究了两种晶粒度的GH 698合金在700℃疲劳蠕变交互作用下的断裂寿命和形变行为.结果表明:在疲劳蠕变应力交互作用下的断裂寿命可以分成F,FC和C三个区.在FC及C区,交变应力的存在明显地阻碍蠕变形变过程,提高了断裂寿命.细晶处理后使这种阻碍作用加强,断裂寿命提高幅度变大.在大应力的疲劳区进行细晶处理,反而使合金寿命降低.     

EFFECT OF SLAG COMPOSITION ON Mg, Al OR Ti CONTENT IN Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY DURING ESR

本文研究了Ni基高温合金电渣重熔CaF_2-MgO-Al_2O_3-CaO-0.5mol％TiO_2渣系成分对合金中Mg,Al,Ti含量的影响规律。当渣池温度为1690±10℃时,在0.10≤N_(MgO)≤0.25,0.05≤N_(Al_2O_3)≤0.21,0.05≤N_(CaO)≤0.15范围,建立了以下函数关系。 [Mg]=0.881[Al]_0~(0.641)N_(MgO)~(4.114-2.835N_(CaO)+1.077InN_(Al_2O_3))N_(Al_2O_3)~(1.282),wt-％ [Al]=[Al]_0-(0.19+0.804N_(CaO)~(0.454)-1.70N_(Al_2O_3))vA/45.36V,wt-％ [Ti]与N_(MgO),N_(Al_2O_3)变化无关,它随N_(CaO)增加而略增。     

SOLIDIFICATION MICROSTRUCTURE OF Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY POWDER

The solidification microstructure and phase composition of Ni-base superalloy FGH95 pow- der with different mesh size have been investigated.The structure transition was found from dendrite in major into cellular structure as the powder size reduces and the cooling rate in- creases.The predominant phase was identified as MC-type carbide,with different morphologies,which may be related to their composition and the condition of solidification.Minor phases,such as boride,Laves and primary γ' are also present as ac- companiments of the carbide.     

SELECTIVE ANODIC DISSOLUTION PROCESS OF M23C6 IN A Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY

在12％(NH_4)_2SO_4水溶液(调pH=9)中,电位在200—800mV(SCE)范围内实现了M_(17)G镍基高温合金中M_(23)C_6相的选择性阳极浸蚀。用线性扫描电位法和恒电位阶跃法研究了浸蚀过程,建立了电化学极化控制下细小、弥散相的选择性阳极浸蚀过程模型。     

FRACTAL ANALYSES OF DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION BEHAVIOR OF A Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY

The morphology of solid/liquid interface of a directionally solidification process is describedby means of fractal analysis,and the relations among the fractal dimension of the solid/liq-uid interface,solidification rate,dendrite arm space and the phosphorus content of the test al-loys have been given.It was found that the increase of the solidification rate and the phos-phorus content of the test alloy will lead to a increase,following the regularity of exponentialfunction,in the fractal dimension of solid/liquid interface.Furthermore,by combining thefractal theory and the thermodynamic principle with the measured results,it has been provedthat the fractal dimension is not only a kind of simple geometrical parameter used in des-cribing irregular geometry,but also a state function depending the change of solidificationparameters and chemical compositions.     

定向凝固镍基高温合金的高温蠕变

研究了一种定向凝固镍基高温合金在870℃,330—420MPa应力下的高温拉伸蠕变性能．结果表明：蠕变曲线表现了较短的减速蠕变阶段和较长的加速蠕变阶段,其蠕变变形机制为位错在第二相粒子间的Orowan弯曲过程,而不是由扩散过程所控制加速蠕变阶段蠕变速率的起始增加是显微组织发生变化（γ’相的定向粗化）的结果,而不是蠕变裂纹的形成与扩展．蠕变断裂数据符合MonkmanGrant关系．最终的断裂过程受控于蠕变裂纹的扩展速度     

镍基单晶高温合金TLP连接

采用自制的镍茯合金柔性布作为中间层合金对DD98单晶高温合金进行瞬态液相（TLP）连接,TLP连接在1473-1523K,0.5-24H真空条件下进行。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对接头的微观结构和化学成分进行观察和分析,利用电子背散衍射测定了连接层和基体之间的结晶学取向。结果表明接头区域由连接区,中间金属／基体金属界面扩散区、基体金属区组成,均匀化处理后的接头与基体上的γ‘沉淀相的尺寸趋于一致,连接层与基体之间的取向匹配良好。     

CREEP CRACK PROPAGATION IN GH37 Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY

本文研究了GH37镍基合金在静载荷下的裂纹扩展行为,试验温度范围为590—750℃.结果表明,在应力强度因子一定时,蠕变裂纹扩展速度(dα/dt)随温度升高而增加.低应力强度因子区域的dα/dt,在750℃时反而比730℃低,在真空中比空气中低.最后对断口形貌进行了仔细分析,并对蠕变裂纹扩展机制以及氧的影响进行了讨论.     

EFFECT OF CYCLIC TEMPERATURES ON STRESSRUPTURE LIFE OF A Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY

本文研究了正弦及特定程序波温度循环对一种镍基高温合金持久寿命的影响。实验证明复杂温度循环可以明显降低合金的持久寿命。其降低的程度与温度的幅值大小有关。提出了特定程序波温度循环预测合金断裂寿命的公式,并用扫描电镜观察了合金的断口。     

镍基铸造高温合金的热等静压处理

评述了镍基铸造高温合金的热等静压（HIP）处理对组织和力学性能的影响。镍基铸造高温合金由于存在着铸造工艺难以消除的气孔类缺陷，严重影响着合金的使用可靠性和成品率，通过HIP处理后的合金，不仅可有效地消除合金中的缺陷，获得致密合金，而且还可改善合金的显微组织，提高合金的拉伸、持久和疲劳性能，显著地减小性能分散度。     

K17镍基铸造高温合金环境损伤的研究

本文研究了镍基铸造高温合金K17在真空、空气和热腐蚀环境中热暴露前后持久性能和高温拉伸性能的变化.结果表明,真空中热暴露对K17合金的持久寿命没有影响,但降低高温瞬时拉伸强度,提高持久塑性和高温瞬时拉伸塑性;空气和热腐蚀环境中热暴露明显降低持久性能和高温瞬时拉伸性能,其中尤以热腐蚀环境最严重,空气环境暴露造成晶界氧化并贫Cr,热腐蚀环境暴露引起晶界严重硫化,晶界两侧贫Cr富S,因而弱化晶界,降低性能.