EFFECT OF LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON THE AS-CASTING MICROSTRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HDC 2024 ALUMINUM ALLOY

The influences of the low frequency electromagnetic field on the horizontal direct chill casting process were investigated experimentally. Ingots of 2024 aluminum alloy with a cross size of 40 mm× 200 mm were produced by the conventional horizontal chill casting process and low frequency electromagnetic horizontal chill casting processre- spectively. The as-cast structures and the mechanical property of the ingots were examined. The results showed that the low frequency electromagnetic field could sub- stantially refine the microstructures and pronouncedly reduce the macrosegregation in the horizontal direct chill casting process. Moreover, the surface quality of the ingot was prominently improved by the low frequency electromagnetic field. The fracture strength and elongation percentage of the ingot was increased with the low frequency electromagnetic field.     

电磁场对2524铝合金扁铸锭微观组织和宏观偏析的影响

采用在常规结晶器上布置线圈而开发的低频电磁半连续铸造技术（LFEC）制备2524铝合金扁铸锭并系统研究其对微观组织和宏观偏析的影响。结果表明,采用低频电磁半连续铸造技术制备的扁铸锭具有更加细小、均匀的铸态组织,而且组织由枝晶和蔷薇型转变为等轴晶组织。低频电磁半连续铸造技术对铸锭宏观偏析具有重要的影响,施加磁场后铸锭中心部分的反偏析明显减弱了。同时,对这些作用的机理进行了探讨。     

低频电磁铸造6063铝合金的数值模拟和试验研究

采用ANSYS有限元法对低频电磁铸造铝合金过程进行了数值模拟，分析了频率为15Hz电流为150A，匝数为80匝时，铸锭边部及内部的磁感应强度分布，并在此条件下进行试验研究。试验结果表明，低频电磁铸造铝合金铸锭表面光洁，消除了铸锭表面的冷隔和表面偏析瘤，内部晶粒细小且为近球形，同时分析了质量改进的原因。     

电磁场频率对电磁铸造7075铝合金微观组织的影响

观察了电磁场频率对电磁铸造705铝合金圆锭（直径为200mm)微观组织的影响；在10－100Hz范围内采用不同的电磁场频率通过电磁铸造工艺制得7075铝合金铸锭，分析其微观组织及合金元素分布情况，结果表明，电磁场频率的发言为可显著影响熔体的凝固组织，频率为30Hz时可最有效地抑制宏观偏析，改善铸锭的表面质量，15Hz时能够更有效地细化晶粒。     

低频电磁场对半连续铸造Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金显微组织的影响

采用低频电磁场半连续铸造工艺制备Al-Mg-Si-Cu铝合金铸锭,研究了低频电磁场对Al-Mg-Si-Cu铝合金铸锭组织的影响。结果表明,施加低频电磁场可以细化Al-Mg-Si-Cu铝合金铸锭的晶粒组织,减轻晶内元素的偏析程度。与常规半连续铸造相比,施加频率为20 Hz、电流为120 A的交变电磁场后,铸锭中的等轴晶组织增多,枝晶状组织减少,晶粒尺寸变得更加细小,铸锭边部和中心平均晶粒尺寸由常规半连续铸造的170和259μm分别降至133和187μm,同时有利于提高溶质元素在晶内的分布,很大程度上减轻了溶质元素的偏析。此外,低频电磁场的电磁振荡使得液穴内部温度场和流动场更趋均匀,溶质元素分配系数增大,结晶区间变小,抑制了树枝晶的生长,促进了Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金半连续铸锭中非枝晶组织的形成和溶质元素的强制固溶,并且抑制了溶质元素的偏析。     

基于三相模型的Al-4%Cu合金三维半连铸圆锭的宏观偏析数值模拟

本文采用基于 Eulerian-Eulerian方法的等轴晶、柱状晶以及熔体三相完全混合的凝固模型计算了三维半连铸Al-4%Cu铝合金圆锭的宏观偏析。基于热溶质对流的基础上,模型考虑了等轴晶的移动,以及柱状晶对浮游等轴晶的捕获,等轴晶和柱状晶的相互竞争生长行为。模拟结果表明铸锭底部出现了明显的锥形负偏析区(CET转变区域),铸锭中心正偏析带,毗邻中心的负偏析区,以及铸锭1/2半径处正偏析带,总的偏析形态呈现W型,与铸锭实际情况基本一致。此外,铸造速度相较于浇注温度对铸锭宏观偏析具有更大的影响。     

低频电磁场对7050铝合金铸锭组织的影响

通过在常规半连续铸造过程中施加低频电磁场的方法制备了直径为162mm的7050铝合金铸锭,研究了电磁场对铸锭铸态组织的影响。结果表明,低频电磁场对7050铝合金铸态晶粒尺寸和组织形貌具有显著的影响。施加磁场后铸锭组织变得非常均匀、细小,平均晶粒尺寸由230μm细化至42μm左右,晶粒形貌由粗大枝晶转变等轴晶。电磁场频率和强度对晶粒细化具有重要的影响。对于低频电磁铸造162mm的7050铝合金铸锭,最佳电磁场参数:电磁场频率为25Hz,磁场强度为12800～16000At。     

Numerical simulation for macrosegregation in direct-chill casting of 2024 aluminum alloy with an extended continuum mixture model

An extended continuum mixture model for macrosegregation is applied to predicting Cu and Mg segregation in large-size ingot of 2024 aluminum alloy during direct chill casting (DC). A microsegregation model using the approximate phase diagram data was coupled with macroscopic transport equations for macrosegregation profiles. Then, the impacts of transport mechanisms on the formation of macrosegregation were discussed. It is found that copper and magnesium have a similar segregation configuration from the billet center to surface. Negative segregation is observed in the centerline and subsurface, whereas positive segregation is obtained in the surface and somewhat underestimated positive segregation in the middle radius. Further, the discrepancy between the predicted and experimental results was discussed in detail. The results show that the magnesium to some extent alleviates the copper segregation in ternary alloy, compared with that in binary alloy. The predicted results show good agreement with measured experimental data obtained from literatures.     

电磁铸造2E12铝合金的铸态组织与力学性能

分别采用电磁铸造和普通连铸技术制备了2E12铝合金连铸锭.通过显微组织和力学性能的对比分析,研究施加电磁场对2E12铝合金连铸过程及铸锭性能的影响.结果表明,使用电磁铸造技术制备的2E12铝合金铸锭具有良好的表面质量和内部组织,以及优良的力学性能.其中,电磁铸造方法获得的2E12铝合金铸锭相对于普通连续铸造铸锭晶粒平均尺寸由58 μm减小至36 μm,抗拉强度提高了9.08%,伸长率提高了61.58%,断裂方式为准解理断裂.     

低频电磁铸造4045铝合金的微观组织

采用低频电磁半连续铸造技术制备4045铝合金铸坯,比较了常规DC法与低频电磁铸造4045铝合金圆锭(直径100mm)微观组织的形貌。重点考察在15Hz～50Hz范围内,不同的磁场频率对电磁铸造4045铝合金圆锭微观组织的影响。结果表明：电磁场频率的改变可显著影响熔体的凝固组织,频率为30Hz时,其组织最为细小和均匀。     

Effect of low frequency electromagnetic field on microstructures and macrosegregation of horizontal direct chillcasting aluminum alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONTheDC(directchill)castingprocessisawell estab lishedproductionrouteforaluminumalloyandhasbeenclassifiedintoVDC(verticaldirectchill)castingandHDC(horizontaldirectchill)castingprocess .AscomparedwithVDCprocess ,HDCprocesshasmanyadvantagessuchaslowerinvestmentcost,higherflexibility ,longercastingtimes[13] .However,HDCprocesshassomechar acteristictechnicalproblemsduetogravitydifferencebe tweentopsurfaceandbottomsurfaceathorizontalportion ,which ,inturn ,resultsininhomogen…     

Structures and macrosegregation of a 2024 aluminum alloy fabricated by direct chill casting with double cooling field

Central region coarse grains and centerline segregation are common defects in aluminum ingots fabricated by direct chill(DC)casting.A double cooling field was introduced into the DC casting process to reduce these defects,whereby the external cooling was supplied by the mold and water jets,and intercooling was achieved by inserting a rod of the same alloy into the molten pool along the central axis of the ingot.Rather than forming a good metallurgical interface during solid-liquid compound casting,in the present work,the purpose of inserting the rod is to enforce internal cooling and consequently decrease the sump depth.Moreover,the insertion provides more nucleation sites with the unmoltenα-Al particles.The structure and the macrosegregation of 2024 Al alloy ingots prepared by DC casting with and without the inserts were investigated.Results show that when the inserting position is 50 mm above the upper edge of the graphite ring,significant grain refinement in the central region of the ingot and a reduced centerline segregation are achieved.     

电磁振荡下半连铸Al合金凝固组织的细化机制

在半连铸7075铝合金过程中, 通过同时施加稳恒磁场和交变磁场的方法, 使凝固熔体产生受迫振荡, 研究了电磁振荡的强度和频率对晶粒细化的影响规律. 对电磁振荡作用下, 合金凝固组织的细化机理进行了探讨. 结果表明 电磁振荡法获得的晶粒尺寸要较CREM法所获得的小, 且随着电磁振荡强度增加及频率降低, 铸锭整体组织变得更加细小和均匀.     

Grain refinement and macrosegregation behavior of direct chill cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy under combined electromagnetic fields

The combined electromagnetic fields were achieved by the application of an alternating magnetic field and a stationary magnetic field and were used during direct chill(DC) casting process to control the microstructure and macrosegregation of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. Ingot microstructures were analyzed under an optical microscope(Leica DMR). The composition at different locations in the ingots was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP) method. The results showed that the grain structure is transformed from dendrite to equiaxed structure and significantly refined with the application of combined electromagnetic fields. The uniformity of microstructure is also greatly improved. The combined electromagnetic fields show a significant effect on the distribution of elements. The negative macrosegregation in the centre area of the ingot is obviously reduced.     

New method of direct chill casting of Al-6Si-3Cu-Mg semisolid billet by annulus electromagnetic stirring

The electromagnetic direct chill (EMDC) casting process is a well-established production route for aluminum alloy ingot, however, the skin effect restricts the casting diameter. In order to avoid this problem, annulus electromagnetic direct chill (A-EMDC) casting process has been developed. A three-dimension finite element computational model of A-EMDC casting process was established by using ANSYS Magnetic-Nodal programs and FLOTRAN CFD programs. Microstructures of A-EMDC casting semi-solid Al-6Si-3Cu-Mg alloy billets were investigated. Two pairs of vortexes occur within the crystallizer with opposite direction in A-EMDC. The annulus gap is advantageous to increasing circulate flow, reducing the temperature gradient as well as shallowing liquid sump depth. The microstructure obtained by A-EMDC is globular or rosette-like, and the microstructure is homogeneous in the billet.     

Rapid air film continuous casting of aluminum alloy using static magnetic field

The influences of the cooling style and static magnetic field on the air film casting process were investigated. Ingots of 6063 aluminum alloy were produced by AIRSOL VEIL casting with double-layer cooling water and static magnetic field. Surface segregation, hot crack and variation of solute content along the radius direction of ingot were examined. The results showed that double-layer cooling water can improve the surface quality and avoid of hot crack, which created conditions to increase the casting spe...     

Effect of low-frequency electromagnetic field on the as-cast microstructure of a new super high strength aluminum alloy by horizontal continuous casting

1. Introduction Super-high strength aluminum alloys are very important materials in military and aerospace industries, because of its light density, super high strength, and good hot work ability. With the development of military and aerospace industries higher strength and better overall property are needed [1-3]. How to improve strength and overall property has been the focus of research recently. For Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, higher alloying element content and higher precipitate density will r…     

低频电磁水平半连续铸造中磁场的分布及其对宏观偏析的影响

采用数值模拟的方法研究了低频电磁水平半连续铸造7075铝合金中不同强度及频率的磁场在熔体中的分布,并采用试验的方法研究了不同条件的磁场对铸锭宏观偏析的影响.将使用传统水平半连续铸造生产出的铸锭与低频电磁水平半连续铸造生产的铸锭进行了比较.研究结果表明:在传统水平半连续铸造工艺条件下,铸锭中易出现较严重的负偏析及重力偏析;然而,在低频电磁水平半连续铸造过程中,低频电磁场的存在明显削弱了铸锭中的宏观偏析.此外,磁场在熔体中的分布情况将直接影响其作用效果,提高磁场强度及适当降低磁场频率均有利于对宏观偏析的改善.     

Effect of casting speed on surface quality of horizontal direct chill casting 7075 aluminum alloy ingot

7075 aluminum alloy ingot with the diameter of 100 mm has been produced by hor-izontal direct chill casting in different casting speed. The effect of the casting speed on the ingot surface and subsurface layer was studied by surface observation and subsurface structure analysis. It was found that increasing the casting speed results in the adding of segregation knots in the ingot surface. The thickness of the dendrite microstructure layer in the subsurface reduces with increasing the casting speed. And the ...     

电磁搅拌对水冷热顶铸造A356合金质量的影响

通过常规铸造A356合金锭与电磁搅拌＋水冷热顶铸造A356合金棒的质量差异的对比,分析电磁搅拌＋水冷热顶铸造对铝合金棒组织性能的影响,结果表明采用电磁搅拌＋水冷热顶铸造方法生产出的A356铝合金棒的质量在各个方面均优于常规铸造A356合金锭的。