Modification effect of pure rare earth metal La on as-cast hypereutectic Al-17%Si alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONImprovedpropertiesandlightweightareincreas inglybecomingthemaingoalsofautomotiveandaerospaceindustries[1] .Forthesakeofachievingthesecharacteristics,manyeffortshavebeenfocusedonaluminumalloysandtheirpropertiesundersevereconditions.Applyingaluminumalloystoautomotivepartssuchaspistons ,cylinderliners ,engineblocksanddifferentpartsofthermalmotors ,combinativeimprovementofthestrengthtomassratio ,wearre sistance,heatresistance ,andlowheatexpansionisanimportantgoal[2 ] .Al Siallo…     

Solidification microstructures of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys prepared by spray deposition and conventional casting methods

High strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were prepared by spray deposition and casting techniques. The microstructures of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were studied using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Secondary phases in the microstructures of the alloys prepared by spray deposition and conventional cast were examined. The results indicate that under the conventional casting condition, the microstructure of the alloy revealed the presence of coarse Al/Mg（ZnCu）2 eutectic phases, and the spray deposited process causes an obvious modification in size, morphology, and distribution of secondary phases in the microstructure as well as reduction of segregation. The superior microstructure of the spray-deposited Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was attributed to the high cooling rate, and associated with the rapid solidification process.     

Potentiodynamic Polarization Aspects of the As-cast and Sprayed Al-Si, Al-Sn and Al-Sn-Si Alloys in a Sodium Chloride Solution

The present study compares the corrosion behavior of Al-Sn, Al-Si and Al-Sn-Si alloys processed by spray forming with that of the conventional chill cast ones in aqueous 0.1 N NaCl solution. Spray forming resulted in finer microstructural features with uniform distribution of second-phase particles. The spray formed Al-Si samples showed improved corrosion resistance as compared to the chill cast ones. The Sn containing alloys showed inferior corrosion resistance in the neutral electrolyte. The addition of 12.5 wt.% Si to Al-Sn alloys improves the corrosion resistance.     

气雾化和喷射成形制备大尺寸La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金

利用气雾化和喷射成形技术制备了大尺寸La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金.X射线衍射(XRD)实验证实,直径为340 mm,最大厚度为13 mm的沉积坯具有完全非晶态结构.分析了气雾化和喷射成形La62AIl5.7(Cu,Ni)22.3合金过程中非晶相形成的机制,选定了喷射成形La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金沉积坯致密化的合适的工艺参数.研究结果显示,喷射成形可望成为大尺寸块体(尤其是盘状)非晶合金新的制备技术.     

微合金化元素La对亚共晶Al-Si合金凝固组织与力学性能的影响

利用DTA、OM、SEM、TEM、EPMA以及拉伸实验等方法研究了在添加α-Al晶粒细化剂Al-Ti-B中间合金和共晶Si变质剂Sr条件下,微合金化元素La对亚共晶Al-Si合金凝固组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加微量稀土La能进一步细化α-Al,变质共晶Si,显著提高合金的塑性。分析表明:微量La能降低α-Al晶核与TiB2的润湿角,减小α-Al的形核过冷度,促进α-Al的进一步细化;La能诱发交错孪晶的形成,增大共晶Si的孪晶密度,改变Si相的长大行为,进一步改变共晶Si的形貌。当La的添加量达到0.10%时,LaAlSi金属间化合物在凝固过程的共晶反应阶段形成,该化合物的形成将降低合金的塑性。     

Variation of microstructure and mechanical property of slurry die cast Al-Si-Mg-Fe alloy

Semi-solid metal processing technologies have been intensively studied in recent years. Gas Induced Semi-Solid (GISS) is a slurry preparation technique for producing non-dendritic or globular structures for cast alloys. In the present study, GISS technique was used in conjunction with conventional die cast process for casting Al–Si–Mg–Fe alloy. The shape of die cast specimen was designed as a simple flat plate. The variation of microstructures and tensile properties of specimens from different locations of cast plates was studied. The results show that the specimens from bottom location, near the gate section and the middle location of cast plates are stronger and more ductility than those from the top location. The microstructural examination reveals that the specimens from top location of cast plates contain more defects, such as shrinkage pores than those from the other locations. These defects are resulted in lower strength and ductility of the cast product.     

Processing and dry sliding wear performance of spray deposited hyper-eutectic aluminum–silicon alloys

The influence of spray deposition process on the refinement of silicon phase and the tribological performance of hyper-eutectic Al–Si alloys is reported in this work. Due to the rapid solidification conditions that prevail during the spray deposition process, both primary and eutectic silicon were found to be refined resulting in equi-axed morphology of the silicon phase across the matrix. The average silicon particle size increased from 7 μm to 17 μm with increase in the silicon content of the spray deposited alloys used for the present study. Transmission electron microscopy of the spray deposited samples exhibited sub-micron sized silicon particles of both equi-axed and acicular morphology in the aluminum matrix. Pin-on-disc wear tests were performed on the spray deposited samples, by sliding samples against hardened steel counterface for about 1000 m at a speed of 0.3 m/s under varied loading conditions ranging from 0.17 MPa to 1 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy of the wear tracks and wear debris was carried out to understand the wear mechanism. The wear performance was improved with increase in the silicon content of the alloy. The wear performance of the alloys was compared with similar alloys produced through various processing routes reported in the literature. The spray deposited alloys were observed to exhibit relatively better wear performance for the range of composition and loading conditions employed.     

La对AZ61镁合金组织及性能的影响

研究添加稀土La含量为(0,0.5,1.0,1.5)％对AZ61合金的微观组织及室温力学性能的影响.结果表明:加入0.5％ ～1.5％的稀土后,铸态AZ61合金组织中的β-Mg17Al12相明显变得细小,形成了针状的Al11La3相.当稀土含量超过1.0％时,针状的Al11 La3相开始粗化长大,β-Mg17 Al12相的网状结构开始分离,变得细小;La的加入可以提高AZ61合金力学性能,当加入的La含量为1.0％时,AZ61合金的力学性能最好.因此,AZ61合金中加入La的质量分数为1.0％时,为合金化的最佳值.     

Influence of Al2O3 or ZrO2 particulate addition on the microstructure aspects of AlNi and AlSi alloys

Different metal/ceramic composites (Al7Si0.3Mg, Al3Ni, Al6Ni, Al9Ni) reinforced with Al₂O₃ or ZrO₂ were prepared by vortex method. Metallographic investigations reveal that in all the composites -Al did not nucleate on the reinforcement particulates. The particulates were generally observed to be located in the last freezing regions regardless of matrix alloy, particulate type or size. The reason for that was the mismatch in the thermal diffusivity between the ceramic particulates and matrix alloys. SEM micrographs show that the presence of the particulates in the AlSi alloy tends to modify the silicon eutectic. In contrast, the addition of the particulates into AlNi alloys did not result in a significant modification of the NiAl₃ phase, but it displaced the eutectic point to lower Ni content.     

铸造Al-Si合金熔体处理——晶粒细化

对亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金进行细化处理已成为一种基本操作。中间合金（Ａｌ－Ｔｉ,Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ和Ａｌ－Ｂ合金）在亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中与在工业纯铝和变形铝合金中的晶粒细化行为存在较大的差异。Ａｌ－３Ｔｉ－３Ｂ,Ａｌ－３Ｂ中间合金在Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中表现出优异的晶粒细化效应,Ｓｉ与晶粒细化剂的交互作用在其中扮演着重要的角色。通过炉前对熔体进行快速热分析可以对晶粒细化效果和变质程度进行评价和预测,继而控制熔体处理的质量。对于亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金,归纳起来有四种晶粒细化机理：包晶反应理论、共晶反应理论、硼化物颗粒理论和超形核理论。仅对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金细化处理的最新进展、Ｓｉ与晶粒细化剂的交互作用和晶粒细化机理进行综合评述     

Effect of processing parameters on microstructures and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified AlFeVSi hot-extruded product

1　INTRODUCTIONRapidlysolidifiedAlFeVSialloy ,developedus ing planarflowcastingbytheAllied SignalAlu minumCompanyofUSA ,isoneofthemostmatureheat resistantaluminumalloysatpresent.FVS0 6 11,FVS0 812andFVS12 12havebeenappliedinthein dustriesofaviationandaerospacetomeettheneedsofadvancedaircraftsforlightweightstructuralmaterialswithhighspecificstrength ,highspecificstiffnessandexcellentthermalstability[14 ] .Theblanksofrapidlysolidifiedheat resistantalu minumalloywereprocessedbyusingpl…     

Evaluation of aluminide diffusion coatings for thermal cyclic oxidation protection of a nickel‐base superalloy

Active element modified aluminide diffusion coatings on IN738 substrates were produced by a new route using continuously cast, aluminum alloy wires consisting of Al‐Y, Al‐Ce, Al‐La and Al‐Si‐Y. The cast wires were used as evaporation sources for ion‐vapour deposition followed by diffusion heat treatments to form nickel aluminide coatings. In order to examine the oxidation resistance of these coatings at elevated temperatures, thermal cyclic oxidation experiments were carried out in air at 1050°C. While all coatings were found to provide significant protection, the Al‐La modified coatings provided the greatest resistance to cyclic oxidation. On the other hand, with coatings based on Al‐Si‐Y alloys, while silicon has a strong ability to reduce the outward diffusion of aluminum, the adverse effect of silicon on mechanical properties of the coating, together with the formation of volatile silicon monoxide, led to catastrophic localized oxidation of the protective coatings.     

Korrosionsermüdung von Aluminium- und Magnesium-Gußlegierungen

Corrosion fatigue of cast aluminium- and cast magnesium alloys The fatigue properties of the aluminium cast alloys AlSi7Mg and AlSi10Mg, magnesium high pressure die-cast AZ91 hp and AM60 hp, as well as low-pressure permanent mould casting AZ91 hp were determined at numbers of cycles to failure between 10⁵ and 10⁹ in ambient air and in saltwater spray. The investigations were performed at constant amplitudes and in addition at varying load amplitudes for aluminium cast alloy AlSi10Mg and low-pressure permanent mould casting AZ91 hp with a high-frequency testing facility (20 kHz ultrasound). The SN-curves of the aluminium cast alloys and of the magnesium low-pressure permanent mould casting are steeper in corrosive environment than in laboratory air. No endurance limit could be detected up to 10⁹ cycles in both environments. The magnesium high pressure die-cast alloys do not have an endurance limit in saltwater spray, whereas an endurance limit could be detected in laboratory air. The life time curves for in-service loading conditions are about parallel to the SN-curves for ambient air, but steeper for corrosive environment. The reason for the reduced fatigue properties in corrosive environment are accelerated crack initiation and higher crack propagation rates. Material defects may lead to a large scatter of the fatigue data for testing in air as well as in saltwater spray. Corrosion pits are formed on the surface of both light-weight alloys at higher number of cycles. They become crack initiation sites.     

Microstructural Effects and Properties of Non-line-of-Sight Coating Processing via Plasma Spray-Physical Vapor Deposition

Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) is a unique processing method that bridges the gap between conventional thermal spray and vapor phase methods, and enables highly tailorable coatings composed of a variety of materials in thin, dense layers or columnar microstructures with modification of the processing conditions. The strengths of this processing technique are material and microstructural flexibility, deposition speed, and potential for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) capability by vaporization of the feedstock material. The NLOS capability of PS-PVD is investigated here using yttria-stabilized zirconia and gadolinium zirconate, which are materials of interest for turbine engine applications. PS-PVD coatings were applied to static cylindrical substrates approximately 6-19 mm in diameter to study the coating morphology as a function of angle. In addition, coatings were deposited on flat substrates under various impingement configurations. Impingement angle had significant effects on the deposition mode, and microscopy of coatings indicated that there was a shift in the deposition mode at approximately 90° from incidence on the cylindrical samples, which may indicate the onset of more turbulent flow and PVD-like growth. Coatings deposited at non-perpendicular angles exhibited a higher density and nearly a 2× improvement in erosion performance when compared to coatings deposited with the torch normal to the surface.     

Three-dimensional rigid multiphase networks providing high-temperature strength to cast AlSi10Cu5Ni1-2 piston alloys

The three-dimensional (3-D) architecture of rigid multiphase networks present in AlSi10Cu5Ni1 and AlSi10Cu5Ni2 piston alloys in as-cast condition and after 4?h spheroidization treatment is characterized by synchrotron tomography in terms of the volume fraction of rigid phases, interconnectivity, contiguity and morphology. The architecture of both alloys consists of α-Al matrix and a rigid long-range 3-D network of Al(7)Cu(4)Ni, Al(4)Cu(2)Mg(8)Si(7), Al(2)Cu, Al(15)Si(2)(FeMn)(3) and AlSiFeNiCu aluminides and Si. The investigated architectural parameters of both alloys studied are correlated with room-temperature and high-temperature (300?°C) strengths as a function of solution treatment time. The AlSi10Cu5Ni1 and AlSi10Cu5Ni2 alloys behave like metal matrix composites with 16 and 20?vol.% reinforcement, respectively. Both alloys have similar strengths in the as-cast condition, but the AlSi10Cu5Ni2 is able to retain ～15% higher high temperature strength than the AlSi10Cu5Ni1 alloy after more than 4?h of spheroidization treatment. This is due to the preservation of the 3-D interconnectivity and the morphology of the rigid network, which is governed by the higher degree of contiguity between aluminides and Si.     

Effects of Ti and La Additions on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of B-Refined and Sr-Modified Al–11Si Alloys

The effects of Ti and La additions on the microstructures and mechanical properties of B-refined and Sr-modified Al–11Si alloys were investigated in the present work. The interactions among Ti, La, B and Sr elements were discussed employing microstructure observation, thermal analysis and tensile test, respectively. It was found that the addition of 0.05 wt% B induces a transformation of eutectic Si from finely fibrous to coarsely plate-like morphology in the Al–11Si alloy with 0.02 wt%Sr modification, owing to the poisoning of IIT mechanism, and the eutectic Si grows only with TPRE mechanism. Both titanium and lanthanum can neutralize the co-poisoning effect between Sr and B in the Al–11Si alloy, but the neutralizing effect of La is dependent on the addition sequence. The combinative addition of La and B elements promotes the effective refinement of α-Al grains, but an inhomogeneous modification of eutectic Si phases is also observed, leading to a slightly decrease in the elongation.     

Effect of friction stir processing on fatigue behavior of an investment cast Al–7Si–0.6 Mg alloy

Cast aluminum alloys in general show poor fatigue performance due to the presence of defects. Friction stir processing (FSP) can be used as a tool to enhance the mechanical properties of cast alloys by eliminating such defects. In the present study FSP led to a five times improvement in fatigue life of an investment cast Al–7Si–0.6 Mg hypoeutectic alloy. The reason for such an enhancement was linked to the closure of casting porosities, which acted as crack nucleation sites in the as cast condition. Porosities acted as notches in the as cast alloy and led to an order of magnitude higher crack growth rate. As FSP eliminated the porosities and refined the Si particles the crack growth rate dropped, due to elimination of the notch effect, together with increased crack path tortuosity. Finally, short crack behavior was noted in both the cast and FSP specimens. The critical crack length, where a transition from a short crack to a long crack behavior took place is related to the respective microstructural characteristic dimensions.     

喷射成形Al-Fe-V-Si系耐热铝合金的制备工艺和性能

采用喷射成形方法制备了不同成分的Al-Fe-V-Si耐热铝合金，对喷射成形工艺参数进行了优化，对沉积坯件的热挤压工艺进行了探索，对材料的组织进行了分析，并对不同成分材料的性能进行了比较。结果表明：当喷射成形工艺参数选择合理时，沉积坯件具有良好的成形性与致密度，在随后的热挤压过程中，通过较低的挤压比即可使材料达到全致密；沉积坯件热挤压温度的降低有利于使材料获得更高的力学性能；同时，通过对合金成分的优化，可以获得加工和使用性能更加优良的Al-Fe-V-Si耐热铝合金。     

喷射成形与铸造7A60合金的微观组织对比研究

利用喷射成形技术制备了7A60合金。借助扫描电镜（SEM），透射电镜（TEM），X射线衍射（XRD）等手段研究了喷射成形与铸造7A60合金微观组织的特点。结果表明，铸造7A60合金的组织粗大，偏析严重。喷射成形7A60合金主要由细化的等轴晶组成，无明显偏析。与传统铸锭冶金工艺相比，喷射成形工艺大大提高了冷却速率，显著细化了7A60合金的微观组织。     

Microstructure and hot cracking susceptibility of high conductivity Al–Fe–Si alloys

Aluminium–silicon based casting alloys have been extensively utilised in various industrial applications, but their relatively low electrical and thermal conductivities make them unsuitable for high conductivity parts. In this research, Al–Fe–Si based high conductivity alloys containing limited silicon content were investigated. Al–0·5Fe–xSi alloys with silicon ranging from 0·5 to 2% showed significantly higher electrical conductivity than conventional Al–Si based alloys. The hot cracking susceptibility of Al–Fe–Si alloys became seriously high as the Si content increased up to 1·5%, then susceptibility rapidly reduced with the further increase in Si. The relationship between solidification characteristics and hot cracking susceptibility of Al–0·5Fe–xSi alloys was discussed based on the thermal and cooling curve analyses and microstructural observations.