Microstructure and photocatalytic activity of Ni-doped ZnS nanorods prepared by hydrothermal method

Pure ZnS and Ni²⁺-doped ZnS nanorods (Zn_1-xNi_xS, x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07, mole fraction, %) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The effects of Ni²⁺ doping on the phase-structure, morphology, elemental composition and optical properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), respectively. The photocatalytic activity of Zn_1-xNi_xS nanorods was evaluated by the photodegradation of organic dyes Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. The results show that all samples exhibit wurtzite structure with good crystallization. The morphologies are one-dimensional nanorods with good dispersion, and the distortion of the lattice constant occurs. The band gap of Zn_1-xNi_xS samples is smaller than that of pure ZnS, thus red shift occurs. Ni²⁺-doped ZnS nanocrystals can enhance photocatalytic activities for the photodegradation of RhB. Especially, Zn_0.97Ni_0.03S sample exhibits better photocatalytic performance and photocatalytic stability for the decomposition of RhB.     

Determination of Ge content in high concentration Ge-doped Czochralski Si single crystals by FTIR

SiGe single crystals with different Ge concentrations were measured by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy at room temperature （RT） and 10 K. A new peak appears at the wave number of 710 cm^-1 and the spectroscopy becomes clearer with an increase in Ge content. The absorption strength and wave sharp of the 710 cm^-1 peak are independent of temperature. The relation of the absorption coefficient amax, the band width of half maximum （BWHM） Wit2 of the 710 cm^-1 peak, and the Ge concentration is determined with the Ge content obtained by SEM-EDX. The conversion factor is k = 1.211 at 10 K. Therefore, the Ge content in high concentration Ge doped CZ-Si single crystals can be determined by FTIR.     

铝盐前驱体对水热法制备薄水铝石微观结构的影响

采用水热法制备了三维形状的薄水铝石粉体,研究前驱体对薄水铝石微观结构的影响。研究结果表明:以硝酸铝为前驱体可获得纳米薄片组装成的花型AlOOH,直径为1μm左右,在其形成过程中无机有机协同作用起到关键作用;以氯化铝为反应物可以获得由纳米棒组装而成的三维海胆型超结构AlOOH,其直径范围为5~8μm,是由于中间产物AlOCl的溶解再结晶引起;以硫酸铝为前驱体可以获得中空球形AlOOH,其直径范围为5~8μm,形成机制是由于中间产物碱式硫酸铝的溶解再结晶引起。水热法获得的薄水铝石可以在600℃时转变为-Al2O3,并仍保持原有形貌。     

水热法批量制备粒径可控SnO2纳米粉体（英文）

以SnCl4·5H2O为前驱体、NH3·H2O为矿化剂,通过水热还原技术制备平均粒径在5～30nm的SnO2纳米粉末。系统研究小批量生产(1kg/批)条件下,工艺条件包括溶液浓度、反应温度、压力、时间和pH值对SnO2粒径、形貌和晶型的影响,并采用XRD、TEM等测试手段对样品进行表征。结果表明,在保持SnO2粉末晶型和形貌不变的前提下,通过调节反应温度、反应时间等工艺参数,粉末的粒径尺寸可以有效地控制在5～30nm范围内。不同于之前的报道,SnO2粒径尺寸随着反应时间(反应温度)的变化存在新的变化趋势,并推测解释了此晶粒异常生长的机理。     

Bulk single crystal growth of SiGe by PMCZ method

A new type of magnetic device was used to replace the conventional electro-magnetic field for CZSi (doped with Ge) growth. The device was composed of three permanent magnetic rings and called PMCZ device. The lines of magnetic force are horizontally distributed at radial 360? Using the ring permanent magnetic field, thermal convection in melt and centrifugal pumping flows due to crystal rotation could be strongly suppressed so that the fluctuations of temperature and micro-growth rate at solid/liquid interface could be restrained effectively. In the PMCZ condition, the growing environment of SiGe bulk single crystal was similar to the crystal growth in space under the condition of micro-gravity. The motion of impurities (Ge, oxygen, etc.) had been controlled by diffusion near the solid/liquid interface. Oxygen concentration became lower and the distribution of composition became more homogeneous along longitudinal direction and across a radial section in the grown SiGe crystal. The mechanism of PMCZ sup     

Synthesis of potassium hexatitanate whiskers using hydrothermal method

High quality potassium hexatitanate whiskers were hydrothermally synthesized in one step under moderate temperature and pressure condi-tions. Effects of the titanium source and reaction conditions on the hydrothermal reaction rate, product phase component, and morphology of whiskers were investigated. The results show that the reactivity of hydrated titania, anatase TiO2, and rutile TiO2 with KOH decreases in turn, and with hydrated titania as titanium source, it is difficult to obtain potassium hexatitanate whiskers with good morphology. In contrast, uni-form potassium hexatitanate whiskers with a length of 10-20 μm and a diameter of 200-700 nm were obtained using anatase TiO2 as titanium source. The investigation demonstrates that the initial KOH concentration, annealing temperature and time, molar ratio of K2O/TiO2, etc. sig-nificantly affect the morphology of the as-synthesized whiskers. The optimized synthesis condition is as follows: anatase as a titanium source; 10 wt.% KOH solution; annealing temperature and time of 300℃ and 5 h, respectively; K2O/TiO2 molar ratio orS, etc. A rhombic potassium hexatitanate was prepared under the optimum condition and the whisker grew along the [110] direction. The reaction mechanism was dis-cussed.     

水热处理对电化学沉积HA涂层物相的影响

采用电化学沉积在碱处理Ti6Al4V钛合金基体上生成羟基磷灰石（HA）涂层,研究了水热处理对该涂层物相的影响。结果表明,电化学沉积HA涂层结晶度低、晶粒尺寸较小,经120 ℃和160 ℃水热处理后,HA结晶度和晶粒尺寸显著增大,且随水热处理温度的增加,结晶度和晶粒尺寸增加。     

Preparation of flake AgSnO2 composite powders by hydrothermal method

Silver-tin oxide composite powders and silver powders were synthesized by hydrothermal method using NHs to complex Ag^＋, SO3^2- to reduce Ag（NH3）2^＋ and Na2SnO3 as the source of tin. The powders were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDX. The results show that there are macroscopic and microscopic differences between two kinds of powders. Spherical silver powders are 3μm in diameter, and silver-tin oxide composite powders are mainly flake of about 0.3μm in thickness. Silver crystal in silver-tin oxide composite powders is preferentially oriented in the （111） crystallographic direction and its oriented index is 2.581. Crystal lattice parameter of silver crystal of silver tin-oxide composite powders is 0.409 34 nm, larger than 0.408 68 nm of silver powders. The XPS analysis shows that silver in silver-tin oxide composite powders is metallic silver and tin oxide in silver tin-oxide composite powders has the red shift for Sn^4＋（3d（5/2）） and O^2-（1s）.     

水热法合成LiFePO4的形貌和反应机理

以分析纯的FeSO4、H3PO4和LiOH为原料,用水热合成法得到纯度高、结晶好的纳米LiFePO4.x射线衍射和SEM分析结果表明,当实验温度为120～150℃,时间为5～15 h时,随反应温度的提高和反应时间的延长,LiFePO4从不规则的纳米颗粒团聚体逐渐生长为厚200 nm、长800 nm左右的规则矩形薄片.研究发现,在合成过程中,首先合成中间产物Li3PO4,然后与Fe2 反应形成LiFePO4.水热合成产物经550℃聚丙烯裂解碳包覆处理后,以0.05 C充放电,可逆电容量达到163 mA·h·g-1,以0.5 C充放电,可逆电容量达到144 mA·h·g-1.     

CuS nanostructures prepared by a hydrothermal method

Without using any surfactant or template, novel CuS three-dimensional (3D) structures consisting of nanosheets were successfully synthesized via a convenient one-step hydrothermal approach. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the as-prepared product was pure hexagonal phase CuS. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the as-prepared product comprised 3D microspheres (about 1-3 μm in diameter), which were further constructed with randomly oriented, single-crystalline CuS nanosheets (about 20 nm in thickness). The UV-vis absorption spectrum of the as-synthesized CuS 3D microspheres displayed an optical absorption minimum near 672 nm. Besides, the thermal stability of the as-synthesized CuS 3D microspheres was also studied.     

晶体取向及析出相对Al-Cu-Li单晶腐蚀行为的影响（英文）

通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、光学显微镜、剥落腐蚀溶液浸泡实验和电化学测试研究晶体取向和析出相对Al-Cu-Li单晶腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,时效态Al-Cu-Li合金不同取向的腐蚀速率按(001)<(101)<(111)的顺序增加,与淬火态合金的腐蚀速率按(111)<(001)<(101)的顺序增加明显不同。T₁相的析出恶化了Al-Cu-Li合金的耐蚀性,且不同晶面取向的恶化程度不同。时效态合金的严重局部腐蚀沿着晶体学方向扩展,并以腐蚀带的形式沿{111}_Al面扩展。     

Theoretical analysis of texture evolution in cold rolling process of single crystal aluminum

The crystal plasticity finite element method（CPFEM）, which incorporates the crystal plasticity constitutive law into the finite element method, was developed to investigate the rolling processes of the cubic oriented and Goss oriented Al single crystal. The simulation results show that after rolling the crystal predominantly rotates around the transverse direction（TD） for both orientations. The rotations around the rolling direction（RD） and the normal direction（ND） are negligible. The reduction plays a significant role in the texture evolution. The TD rotation angle increases with increasing reduction. The deformation bands exist in the rolled specimens with the cubic initial orientation. Compared with the cubic oriented specimens, the TD rotation angles in the Goss oriented specimens are very small.     

Preparation of antimony-doped nanoparticles by hydrothermal method

Antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles were prepared by the mild hydrothermal method at 200℃ using sodium stannate, antimony oxide, sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid as the starting materials. The doped powders were examined by differential thermal analysis(DTA), X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The doping levels of antimony were determined by volumetric method and iodimetry.The results show that antimony is incorporated into the crystal lattice of tin oxide and the doping levels of antimony in the resulting powders are 2.4%, 4.3%and 5.1%(molar fraction). The mean particle size of ATO nanoparticles is in the range of 25 - 30 nm. The effects of antimony doping level on the crystalline size and crystallinity were also discussed.     

Growth and characterizations of CdGeAs2 single crystal by descending crucible with rotation method

By the method of descending crucible with rotation, crack-free CdGeAs2single crystals of U15 mm 950 mm were grown in a furnace with three independen heating zones after optimizing the temperature field, and the descending and rotational speed to meet the need of CdGeAs2crystal growth. The properties of as-grown crysta were characterized by a variety of techniques. The results of X-ray diffraction(XRD) show that there are two cleavage faces, which are(110) and(101). The peaks are in high intensity and good symmetry, which demonstrates that the crystal is integral in structure and well crystallized. The energy-dispersive spectrometry results indicate that the wafer of the CdGeAs2crystal is closer to the stoichiometry The IR transmittance of the wafer is *48.6 % at 5.5 lm, and the maximum value is up to 51.6 % in the range of2.3–18.0 lm. Etch pits of(001) face are observed and the density of the etch pits is evaluated to be 1 9 105cm-2.     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of LiCoPO_4 micron-rods by dispersant-aided hydrothermal method for lithium ion batteries

LiCoPO4 micron-rods with an average diameter of about 500 nm and length of about 5 μm were synthesized by dispersant-aided hydrothermal method. Poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was used as dispersant in the hydrothermal method. The starting solution and the concentration of dispersant have significant influences on the morphology of LiCoPO4,and the electrochemical performance is improved via controlling the particle size and morphology by the hydrothermal method. The cell using smaller particle LiCoPO4 as cat...     

铝合金板织构组分单晶屈服轨迹计算

织构单晶体组分研究是分析多晶体板材塑性各向异性的基础。文章利用晶体学屈服函数CMTP方法,结合塑性力学知识计算得到6个常见单晶体织构组分产生的屈服轨迹形状,分析织构组分对板材各向异性影响,结果表明,6种织构组分在不同拉伸坐标系中产生的单晶屈服轨迹呈多边形或椭圆形,并随散布宽度增加而扩大。{001}<100>织构组分有利于多晶体板材产生各向同性,{123}<634>织构组分则易于形成各向异性。     

Novel hierarchical CdS crystals by an amino acid mediated hydrothermal process

We report the synthesis of CdS crystals with novel dendritic structures by a simple amino acid mediated hydrothermal process, in which various amino acids were used as capping agents. We elaborated that a slight change of the side group of amino acids can significantly influence the type and the structure of CdS crystals. We found that the reaction temperature and the time also have effects on the formation of CdS crystals. The resulting different-shaped CdS crystals exhibited different UV-vis absorption characteristics. Our results suggest that the biomolecule-assisted hydrothermal route using amino acids as capping agents provides an effective and green approach to produce hierarchical CdS crystals with rich morphologies.     

Plastic deformation of single crystals of TiSi2

Compression experiments have been performed at high temperatures for single crystals of TiSi₂ with the C54 (oF24) structure. Compression axes chosen are -, b- and c-axes, and intermediate directions between a- and c-axes, and b- and c-axes. Based on the slip line observation and the geometrical consideration, it has been concluded that one of the three slip systems, (001)[110], ( 10)[130] and (0 1)[011], is activated depending on the compression axis; in the former two systems dislocations are assumed to be dissociated into superpartials, i.e. 1/2[1101→1/3[100]1+1/6[130] and 1/2[130]→3 × 1/6[130]. The (001)[110] slip is active at room temperature and the other two slip systems are active only above 1000 K. The thermal-activation analysis of the plastic deformation has shown that the deformation is controlled by the Peierls mechanism for the three slip systems; the total activation enthalpy is 1.5 eV for the (001)[110] slip and 4–5 eV for the ( 10)[130] and (0 1)[011] slips. An asymmetry of the Peierls potential is suggested for the (3 0)[130] slip.     

单晶高温合金的选晶行为

对高温合金单晶选晶生长工艺进行了实验研究,揭示了螺旋选晶器和缩颈选晶器的原理,实验结果表明,在螺旋选晶器中,晶体横向拚优生长与螺旋结构的耦合作用,形成连续选晶过程,是螺旋选晶的主要原理,其选晶作用良好;而在缩颈选晶器中,几乎只存在单一的机械阻隔选晶行为,多重缩颈结构对于改善选晶作用并不明显,选晶效果不好。