种分制备超细氢氧化铝中碱含量的变化(英文)

种分氢氧化铝中碱含量变化规律关系到氢氧化铝的质量和碱耗,通过测定溶液浓度和电导率、氢氧化铝中碱含量和粒度分布以及分析粒子形貌,研究种分氢氧化铝中碱含量的变化规律。结果表明,溶液组分浓度高、球磨晶种循环、种分温度低、初始分解速率快或产品比表面积大都会导致氢氧化铝中碱含量升高;在低硅铝酸钠溶液种分过程中,粒子的附聚得到抑制,超细氢氧化铝中碱主要以晶格碱形式存在,以钠硅渣形式存在的碱含量极低;同时,升高初始分解温度,晶种老化,降低分解速率,延长种分时间,都有利于产品中碱含量的降低。结果还表明:种分过程中,Na+Al(OH)4离子可能对产品中碱含量有很大的影响。     

Technology and mechanism of desilication from roasted diasporic bauxite in atmosphere

The leaching desilication technology of roasted diasporic bauxite in atmosphere by caustic soda solution was investigated. The optimum parameters were: the grinding fineness of the roasted bauxite -0. 076 mm and 80 % -85 %,leaching time 2h, Na2Ok100-150g/L, L/S 4-5, leaching temperature 90-95℃. The desilication rate 55.20% and concentrate A/S (mass ratio of A12O3 to SiO2) 9.90, as good as those obtained at pressure, were obtained respectivdy.Investigation of two-stage leaching shows that it can both improve desilication rate of roasted ore and reduce leaching time.When time of the first stage and the second stage is 30 min and 30 min respectively, desilication rate can reach 59.65 %.X-ray diffraction analysis of the concentrate has proved that desilication procedure is accompanied with the formation of sodium aluminosilicate hydrate. X-ray spectra also show that silica removed during leaching is amorphous silica. SiO2 occurrina as ouartz in raw ore or mullite formed during roasting can not dissolve in alkali solution.     

温和水热法从循环流化床粉煤灰中回收氧化铝(英文)

开发一种温和水热法从电厂排放的粉煤灰中提取氧化铝。当处理氧化铝和二氧化硅的质量比(A/S)为0.78、氧化铝含量为32.43%的粉煤灰时,在NaOH浓度45%、初始苛性比(铝酸钠溶液中氧化钠和氧化铝的摩尔比)25、氧化钙和粉煤灰中二氧化硅的摩尔比1.1、液固体积质量比9、反应温度280°C、停留时间1 h的条件下,氧化铝的提取率可达到92.31%。此外,通过结构和化学分析,对氧化铝的浸出机理进行了研究。结果表明,经过碱浸后,含硅的主要物相为理论铝硅比为0的NaCaHSiO4。     

六方水合铁酸钙的合成及其脱硅

通过正交实验对六方水合铁酸钙的合成温度、合成时间和合成体系中CaO与Fe2O3的摩尔比及合成体系的搅拌强度等因素对其脱硅效果的影响进行研究,并给出六方水合铁酸钙的最佳合成条件。结合X射线衍射分析讨论水合铁酸钙的脱硅机理,提出水合铁酸钙是一种高度分散的含钙化合物,其晶面间距较大,脱硅活性较高,并可大幅度降低铝损。在最佳条件下添加水合铁酸钙进行深度脱硅时,脱硅后铝酸钠溶液中的SiO2含量可降低到7 mg/L,硅量指数可达14 000,且脱硅产物中SiO2的饱和系数可达0.46。     

熟料烧结过程中氧化铁反应行为的热力学分析

通过对Fe2O3与碳酸钠、氧化钙以及硅酸钙反应的热力学分析,明确Fe2O3在铝土矿炉料烧结过程中的热力学反应规律。热力学计算、分析结果表明:Fe2O3在正常烧结温度范围内能与Na2CO3或CaO发生反应,但更易与CaO反应形成2CaO.Fe2O3或CaO.Fe2O3,Fe2O3和Na2O.Fe2O3能使2CaO.SiO2和3CaO.2SiO2转变为CaO.SiO2,CaO.SiO2进一步与Na2O.Al2O3或Na2O.Fe2O3反应生成不溶的三元化合物而造成烧结法生产氧化铝过程中Na2O和Al2O3的损失。4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3不能由铁酸钙和铝酸钠相互反应产生,而可能是CaO、Al2O3和Fe2O3三者直接反应的产物,且在烧结条件下Na2O.Fe2O3可分解4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3。     

铝微粉对刚玉-莫来石基质性能的影响

对刚玉-莫来石基质在1550～1700℃烧成4 h,研究其α-Al2O3添加量对刚玉-莫来石基质性能的影响规律.研究结果表明,刚玉-莫来石基质是通过液态SiO2和原料中SiO2与α-Al2O3反应生产的莫来石相进行致密,1650℃是基质的烧成温度转折点,超过此温度,莫来石相发生分解形成无定性SiO2,将影响基质的结构及性能.基质的体积密度和强度随烧成温度和α-Al2O3添加量的增加而增大,并高于刚玉-莫来石窑具材料.随着α-Al2O3添加量的增加,基质的主要断裂方式由穿晶断裂向沿晶断裂方式转变.基质的抗热震性能随烧成温度和α-Al2O3添加量的增加而降低,烧成温度和α-Al2O3添加量是基质抗热震性能主要影响因素.     

我国氧化铝工业近十年来的技术进步及今后发展方向

回顾了我国氧化铝工业近十年来在选矿、节能、提高质量、扩大品种、环保与综合利用、工艺技术创新及理论研究等方面取得的成就。探讨了我国氧化铝生产技术今后的发展方向,提出要尽快推广拜耳法间接加热强化溶出技术、高浓度种分分解制取高强度高产出率氧化铝技、选矿拜耳法技术、强化烧结法技术;开发完善铝土矿反浮选、选矿并联法等新工艺新技术;研究和推广各种特效化学添加剂;加强对引进技术与设备的消化吸收和再创新,加快大型     

Na2O对含MgO铝酸钙炉渣相变规律和氧化铝浸出性能的影响（英文）

采用向铝酸钙炉渣体系中添加Na2O的方法,降低或消除铝酸钙炉渣中MgO的负作用,并分析其影响机理。结果表明:当MgO含量为3%时,Na2O的添加量由0增加至4%后,炉渣的氧化铝浸出率由68.73%提高到80.86%。对含4%Na2O的样品进行XRD分析,发现四元化合物C20A13M3S3已消失。添加Na2O不能完全消除MgO对炉渣浸出性能的负作用。XRD和EDS分析结果表明,Na2O会进入12CaO·7Al2O3的晶格并促进其形成。     

真空下碳热还原氧化铝的二次反应

通过热力学分析和实验研究了真空条件下碳热还原氧化铝的二次反应.热力学分析表明:低温、高压有利于碳热还原氧化铝的产物Al2O、Al与CO的二次反应.分别绘制了Al2O和Al在一定分压下,与CO的二次反应平衡曲线图,给出了各二次反应的CO平衡分压与温度的关系,根据CO的分压和温度、利用二次反应平衡曲线图分析二次反应的产物.氧化铝与石墨的真空碳热还原实验研究证实:Al2O与CO降低温度首先生成Al4O4C和C,Al与CO降低温度首先生成Al4O4C和Al4C3,符合根据二次反应平衡曲线图分析得到的结论,说明二次反应平衡曲线图的合理性.     

Mineral transition of desilication products precipitated in synthetic sodium aluminate solution under atmospheric pressure

The liquor concentration, mineral proportion, crystal parameters and micro morphology of various desilication products (DSPs) precipitated in silica-supersaturated sodium aluminate solution at 95 °C under different reaction conditions were systematically researched. The DSPs formed under atmospheric pressure comprise amorphous phase, zeolite A, zeolite and sodalite, and the DSPs concentration and crystallinity increase with the increase of initial silica concentration, initial molar ratio of caustic Na₂O to Al₂O₃ (α_K) and desilication duration. Decreasing the initial silica concentration, initial α_K and increasing the desilication duration can reduce the proportion of zeolite A. The zeolite and sodalite are the stable DSPs, while the precipitation of zeolite A occurs at a high silica-supersaturated state in sodium aluminate solution. The DSPs are precipitated in the form of agglomerates, but the morphologies of various DSPs are quite different. Both the molar ratios of Na₂O to Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ to Al₂O₃ in DSPs increase with the increasing desilication duration, resulting in the increase of the cell volumes of various DSPs. The precipitation sequence of DSPs under atmospheric pressure is: amorphous phase→zeolite A→zeolite→sodalite.     

Effect of Zr on the Oxidation Properties of Fe3Al Intermetallic Compound

This review is concerned with the effect of the addition of zirconium as a third element on the heat-resisting properties of Fe3Al intermetallic compounds and explains their high-temperature oxidation mechanism. The Fe3Al and Fe3Al-0.05Zr specimens were isothermally oxidized in the temperature range of 1173～1473 K in synthetic air for 100 h. The formation of the alumina layer approximately obeyed the parabolic rate law, with the exception of short initial stage. The parabolic rate constant values for the Zr-doped Fe3Al decreased at all tested temperatures. Fe3Al revealed massive spallation, whereas Fe3Al-Zr produced a fiat, adherent oxide layer. The microstructure investigations of the alumina scales grown thermally on the Fe3Al-Zr alloy by means of SEM-EDS showed that they were 1.5～2 μm thick and consisted of a small inner columnar layer and an equiaxed outer grain layer. Additionally, very fine (50～150 um) oxide particles rich in Zr were found across the alumina scales. The addition of Zr significantly affected the oxidation behavior of Fe3Al by improving the adherence of the α-Al2O3 scale. TEM-SAD investigations of the alumina scales on samples prepared using the FIB (Focused Ion Beam) method confirmed the presence of small tetragonal zirconia grains near the scale/gas and alloy/scale interfaces, most of which were formed along alumina grain boundaries(gbs). Zr gb-segregation was found using HRTEM. The role of preferential formation of zirconium oxide along the alumina scale grain boundaries and the effect of Zr gb-segregation on oxidation and scale growth mechanisms were analyzed by means of two-stage oxidation experiments using 16O2/18O2. The SIMS oxygen isotope profiles for the Fe3Al-Zr alloy oxidized at 1373 K, after two-stage oxidation experiments, revealed that oxygen anion diffusion is predominant compared to that of aluminum cation diffusion.     

碱法高纯氧化铝微粉的制备

以氧化铝生产过程的中间物料铝酸钠溶液为原料，依据钡盐高度净化铝酸钠溶液的原理，经过脱硅、除铁净化、种分分解、焙烧后酸洗除钠等过程，最终得到纯度达99.99％，粒度90％小于2μm高纯氧化铝微粉。     

阴极微弧电沉积表面处理钛的高温氧化行为

在0.4 mol/l Al(NO3)3乙醇溶液中,采用阴极微弧电沉积方法在纯钛表面制备出80 μm厚的氧化铝涂层.研究了钛及其镀膜样品在973 K的高温氧化行为,并分析了它们恒温氧化后的组织、成分和相组成.结果表明,具有氧化铝涂层的钛在973K的氧化速率降低了4倍,恒温氧化后涂层的形貌和相组成几乎保持不变.涂层/钛界面附近的较薄氧化铝致密层对抑制氧和钛原子的扩散起重要作用.阴极微弧电沉积是提高钛抗氧化性能的有效方法之一.     

Electrodeposition of photocatalytic TiO2 film on surface of alumina prepared by anodic oxidation

A new electrochemical method to prepare photocatalytic TiO2 thin film was developed, by which the TiO2 was electrodeposited on surface of alumina by AC electrolysis in solution consisting of K2 [TiO(C2O4 )2] and C2H2O4. The deposited TiO2 thin film was primarily characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) methods. The photocatalytic properties of this film were also studied by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. The results show that the TiO2 film electrodeposited by this method is mainly in amorphous and with a little crystalline component mixed anatase and rutile. The surface of the alumina prepared by anodic oxidation is porous and the TiO2 electrodeposited on it is scattered and incompact. TiO2 thin film fixed on the surface of alumina shows photocatalytic activity to the degradation of methyl orange.     

氧化铝陶瓷表面化学镀镍工艺及镀层性能研究

目的在氧化铝陶瓷表面化学镀金属镍镀层,研究施镀时间对Al_2O_3陶瓷表面化学镀镍层的表面形貌、组织结构、显微硬度、表面粗糙度和镀镍层结合力的影响。方法所用镀液组成及工艺参数为:NiSO_4·6H_2O_25g/L,NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 22g/L,Na_3C_6H_5O_7·2H_2O 64g/L,(NH_4)SO_4 62g/L,pH=5.0~6.0,水浴加热至90℃,施镀时间1~4h。采用NovaNanoSEM50型场发射扫描电子显微镜观察镀层的表面微观形貌,采用TH765型自动显微硬度仪测试镀层硬度,采用OLS4000型三维形貌测量仪测量镀层表面粗糙度,采用压入法和热震试验评价镀层的结合性能。结果施镀时间为1~4h时,1h镀层表面金属光泽性好,呈银白色,4h镀层表面更为细腻,但表面光泽性较差。随着施镀时间的增长,Al_2O_3陶瓷表面化学镀镍层表面越光滑,显微硬度越大。不同施镀时间下的化学镀层均没有出现起泡、片状剥落或者与氧化铝基体分离等现象。结论施镀时间为1~4h时,在温度和pH不变的情况下,随着施镀时间增加,化学镀镍层厚度变化不大,但是镀层颗粒更细小,显微硬度明显提高,表面粗糙度降低,镀层结合力良好。     

烧结法粗液与拜耳法溶出矿浆合流技术的应用

通过对联合法氧化铝生产工艺中的几种烧结法溶液与拜耳法溶液合流技术的比较,论述了减少或取消烧结法粗液脱硅的可能性。     

表面机械活化粉煤灰提取氧化铝及其动力学研究

采用高能球磨活化粉煤灰,并对球级配、球料比、转速以及球磨时间进行正交试验,将经不同时间活化的粉煤灰与Na2CO3按一定比例煅烧溶出,得到Al2O3.通过测试分析,研究了高能球磨活化各工艺参数对Al2O3溶出率的影响,得到了最优化工艺条件,并对Al2O3溶出过程的动力学进行了验证分析.结果表明:当表面机械活化6h、溶出温度90℃、液固比L/S=6、硫酸浓度4 mol/L时,效益最高;此反应属于收缩未反应芯模型,表观活化能为60.87 kJ/mol,反应级数为0.1701.     

球磨法对氧化铝镀银材料导电性能的影响

使用球磨法对氧化铝镀银材料进行改性,最佳的工艺为：氧化铝与玛瑙球的重量比为20%,球磨频率为5.5 Hz,球磨时间为3 h,最高导电率为1887 S/cm,比未球磨的提高37倍。通过红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、热失重仪、偏光显微镜和悬浮测试了氧化铝镀银材料的性能,结果表明：球磨对氧化铝红外光谱没有影响,镀银后氧化铝的红外吸收振动峰消失;X射线衍射证明氧化铝镀银材料中有银的晶体峰出现,没有其它杂质峰;热失重表明镀银材料的残留变大,耐热性能提高;偏光显微镜显示球磨后氧化铝为片型结构,大小分布均匀;镀银材料悬浮溶液颜色较深,能够悬浮于乙醇溶液中,有望提高在高分子复合材料中的分散性能。最后阐述了球磨使得氧化铝大颗粒被破碎以及颗粒被磨削这两种作用,形成片,增加了表面积和包银效率,提高了颗粒之间导电网络的连接,使得导电率变大的机理。该导电材料期望在电磁屏蔽、导电胶粘剂和抗菌复合材料等诸多领域都有广泛的应用前景。     

Understanding and mitigating heat exchanger fouling in bauxite refineries

Laboratory and plant measurements have been performed to evaluate possibilities of reducing the formation of desilication product (DSP) scale in the heat exchangers of the low-temperature Bayer process. It was found that the rate of scale formation is independent of the flow velocity, proportional to the square of the silica super saturation, and it increases exponentially with heat-transfer surface temperature. Because of the restricted operation conditions, variation of operating conditions may not reduce DSP formation sufficiently. Installation of turbulence promoters in the heat exchanger pipes had no beneficial aspects. Laboratory and plant measurements with a fluidized bed test heater indicated a strong potential of this technology to increase the operation times between chemical washes. Deposition of DSP could almost be eliminated if the process was modified such that developed subcooled boiling occurred at the heat-transfer surface.     

Leaching of Titanium and Silicon from Low-Grade Titanium Slag Using Hydrochloric Acid Leaching

Acid-leaching behaviors of the titanium slag obtained by selective reduction of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates were investigated. It was found that the optimal leaching of titanium and silicon were 0.7% and 1.5%, respectively. The titanium and silicon in the titanium slag were firstly dissolved in the acidic solution to form TiO²⁺ and silica sol, and then rapidly reprecipitated, forming hydrochloric acid (HCl) leach residue. Most of the silicon presented in the HCl leach residue as floccules-like silica gel, while most of the titanium was distributed in the nano-sized rod-like clusters with crystallite refinement and intracrystalline defects, and, as such, 94.3% of the silicon was leached from the HCl leach residue by alkaline desilication, and 96.5% of the titanium in the titanium-rich material with some rutile structure was then digested by the concentrated sulfuric acid. This provides an alternative route for the comprehensive utilization of titanium and silicon in titanium slag.