混合捕收剂浮选锂辉石的应用及作用机理

通过浮选试验,研究十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、油酸、731、环烷酸皂,以及油酸与十二胺的混合捕收剂对锂辉石、长石和石英单矿物浮选行为及锂辉石实际矿石浮选指标的影响。借助Zeta电位、红外光谱分析、吸附量测试及量子化学计算,探讨混合捕收剂的作用机理。结果表明:油酸与十二胺的混合捕收剂,兼有捕收性和选择性好的特点,在碱性条件下能实现锂辉石与长石和石英的浮选分离。混合捕收剂在锂辉石表面的吸附量大于长石和石英。混合捕收剂中油酸在矿物表面以化学吸附为主,十二胺则以物理吸附为主。油酸离子分别与十二胺离子(或分子)和油酸分子以缔合形态存在,油酸的头基COO^-与锂辉石表面的Al原子发生化学作用。     

Effect of hydroxamic acid starch on reverse flotation desilicate from diasporic bauxite

It is important to depress diaspore effectively in order to remove silicates from diasporic bauxite.A new water soluble polymer hydroxamic acid starch(HA-starch)was prepared.The effects of the product on the diaspore and kaolinite flotation were investigated and its reactive mechanism was studied by zeta potential measurement and FTIR.The results show that HA-starch can depress diaspore while make positive effect on kaolinite flotation at low pH value(pH below 6)The flotation recovery of diaspore was sharply decreased with the increase of concentration of HA-starch.The chemical adsorption of HA-starch on the surface of diaspore was revealed.     

羟肟酸类捕收剂在中低品位铝土矿浮选中的性能研究

拜耳法氧化铝生产工艺已在我国大规模应用,其中铝土矿选矿是关键环节,而对于我国中低品位的铝土矿资源,需要研究一种更适合我国铝土矿选矿使用的浮选药剂.本文讨论了羟肟酸类捕收荆在中低品位铝土矿浮选中的应用与适用条件.分别用苯甲羟肟酸、对甲苯甲羟肟酸、1-羟基-2-萘甲羟肟酸三种物质作捕收剂进行了铝土矿浮选试验,得出了羟肟酸类捕收剂的浮选性能与pH值的关系,讨论了在适宜的pH值下三种药荆的浮选性能与药荆用量的关系.比较了三种药剂的浮选效果,并解释了三种药剂的浮选性能的差别.     

Flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of novel 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hex-2-en-1-one oxime flotation collector to malachite

A novel collector 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hex-2-en-1-one oxime (HPHO) was synthesized from 2-hydroxy acetophenone and butyraldehyde. Its flotation performance and adsorption mechanism to malachite were investigated by flotation test, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis techniques. Compared with benzohydroxamic acid (BA), 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one oxime (HPEO) and sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX), HPHO exhibited excellent collecting power to malachite without additional reagents, such as Na₂S regulator and methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) frother. Results of zeta potential indicated that HPHO was coated on malachite surfaces through a chemisorption process. FTIR and XPS data gave clear evidence for the formation of Cu–oxime complex on malachite surfaces after HPHO adsorption through the linkage between C=C, –OH, N–OH group and Cu species.     

捕收剂苯乙烯膦酸酯在钛铁矿浮选中的吸附机理（英文）

采用捕收剂苯乙烯膦酸酯(SPE)提高钛铁矿浮选效率,揭示相关作用机理并建立吸附模型。单矿物浮选试验结果表明,SPE在钛铁矿浮选中表现出比传统苯乙烯膦酸(SPA)更强的捕收能力。Zeta电位测定结果显示,SPE和SPA都能使钛铁矿的Zeta电位负向移动,而SPE的作用效果比SPA更加明显,表明SPE在钛铁矿表面的吸附更强。X射线光电子能谱分析证实了SPA和SPE在钛铁矿的Fe/Ti位点上的化学吸附作用。前沿轨道理论分析结果表明,SPE的化学活性比SPA的高。局部态密度分析结果表明,两种捕收剂的PO—H基团可与钛铁矿的Ti/Fe原子相互作用,从而在钛铁矿表面生成一个稳定的四元环。捕收剂与(104)钛铁矿表面的结合模型显示,SPE的吸附能量高于SPA的。综上所述,SPE对钛铁矿浮选的捕收能力和作用效果均优于SPA的,具有在工业上替代SPA的潜力。     

Mechanism and application on sulphidizing flotation of copper oxide with combined collectors

The effect of sodium butyl xanthate (NaBX) and dodecylamine (DDA) as combined collector on the sulphidizing flotation of copper oxide was investigated by flotation test, fluorescent pyrene probe, zeta potential, and infrared spectroscopy analyses. The micro-flotation results show that combined use of NaBX+DDA yields better effect than using NaBX at pH 7-11 only, and the optimal molar ratio of NaBX to DDA is 2: 1. The actual ores flotation shows that when the dosage of NaBX+DDA is (100+54) g/t, the copper concentrate grade and recovery are 15.93% and 76.73%, respectively. The fluorescent pyrene probe test demonstrates that the NaBX+DDA can reduce the micelle concentration in the pulp. The zeta potential and the infrared spectroscopy analyses indicate that chemical adsorption, hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interaction can help to adsorb NaBX+DDA on the surface of malachite. Meantime, copper xanthate and copper-amine complexes may be generated during the adsorption process.     

Preliminary examination of electrochemical and spectroscopic features of trithiocarbonate collectors for sulfide mineral flotation

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Recovery of molybdenum and copper from porphyry ore via iso-flotability flotation

A copper–molybdenum iso-flotability flotation process has been developed to efficiently improve the recovery of molybdenite from Duobaoshan porphyry Cu–Mo ores. The effects of flotation approach, type of collector, feed particle size distribution, rougher pH value and reagent dosage on the recovery of molybdenite were evaluated systematically. The results suggest that compared with kerosene and diesel oil, transformer oil has stronger dispersion capability in water media and better flotation selectivity for molybdenite, providing a higher molybdenum recovery under low reagent dosage. Moreover, compared with bulk flotation approach, the iso-flotability flotation approach using transformer oil as a collector can obtain superior Mo recovery (90.77%) and grade (0.80%) in the cleaner concentrate, and increase the Mo recovery and grade by over 18% and 5% in the final Mo concentrate, respectively. The results of commercial flotation further indicate that the iso-flotability flotation approach is a rational and effective route to beneficiate the porphyry Cu–Mo ores.     

浮选过程微泡生成机理研究进展

从微泡浮选理论出发,结合微泡浮选法研究中常见的五种方法:溶解气体浮选法、真空浮选法、射流浮选法、以及电解和超声波浮选法的微泡生成机制及优缺点。通过微泡浮选法处理微细粒矿物的可行性分析,认为微泡浮选法将是未来微细粒选别的重要手段,有广泛得应用前景。     

捕收剂RL在铝土矿浮选中的应用

研究了一水硬铝石、高岭石及叶腊石等单矿物在RL为捕收剂时的浮选特性,考察了各种调整剂、难免离子对浮选体系的影响,在此基础上进行了人工混合矿和实际矿石的分离试验。实际矿石闭路试验结果表明：采用RL为捕收剂,碳酸钠和六偏磷酸钠为调整剂,精矿中Al2O3和SiO2的品位分别为70．74％和6．37％（精矿铝硅比为11．11）,Al2O3的回收率达到90．52％。     

烷基羟肟酸对细粒锡石的浮选及其溶液化学性质(英文)

采用烷基羟肟酸作为捕收剂对细粒锡石进行浮选,并对其溶液化学性质进行研究。结果表明,3种烷基羟肟酸在碱性条件下对细粒锡石有较好的捕收能力,且适宜的浮选pH随着捕收剂碳链的加长而升高。金属离子对锡石浮选的影响主要由矿浆pH决定,金属离子浓度对锡石浮选也有影响。计算基团电负性得出烷基羟肟酸作为锡石捕收剂的适合烷基碳链长度大约为7。由溶液的组分浓度对数分布图(lgc—pH)分析可知,捕收剂以分子-离子共吸附模式作用于矿物表面。动电位测试及红外光谱分析表明,吸附反应中涉及到电荷作用力、氢键力和络合作用力,其最终产物可以表示为锡石的O,O-五元环结构的螯合物。     

新型Gemini阳离子捕收剂对一水硬铝石和高岭石的反浮选行为

研究了Gemini 12-4-12对一水硬铝石和高岭石的浮选行为,在中性介质(pH7～pH8)下,对一水硬铝石与高岭石的反浮选分离作了初步探讨.浮选结果表明:Gemini 12-4-12在广泛的pH范围内对一水硬铝石和高岭石具有很强的捕收能力,在中性体系(pH7～pH8)及浓度3.0×10~(-4)mol·1~(-1)时,对一水硬铝石和高峰石的浮选回收率达到95%以上;在可溶性淀粉浓度为200mg/l的条件下,一水硬铝石全部被抑制,而且两种矿物回收率相差达70%以上,并且通过人工混合矿试验,对不同A/S的一水硬铝石和高岭石人工混合矿取得很好的分离效果.     

聚天冬氨酸在黄铜矿浮选体系中对铜离子活化后的闪锌矿的选择性抑制作用

采用环保型的浮选药剂聚天冬氨酸(PAPA)作抑制剂,进行黄铜矿和铜活化后闪锌矿的浮选分离.通过接触角测试、动电位测试、红外光谱分析和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测试,研究PAPA对闪锌矿的选择性抑制机理.单矿物浮选试验结果表明,PAPA能选择性抑制铜活化后的闪锌矿,但黄铜矿仍能保持好的可浮性.人工混合矿浮选试验获得铜精矿中...     

磁化对浮选药剂及浮选过程的影响

通过磁场对水及药剂溶液的磁化处理,使得水及药剂溶液的光学、电学及其它性质发生变化,研究磁化处理对药剂和矿物作用的影响,以及对浮选过程的影响.测试分析结果表明:水系磁化处理能够引起水及药剂溶液体系的吸光度、pH值、溶氧量和电导率等性质的变化;水和黄药溶液经磁处理后,黄药的吸光度增加,有利于化学反应的发生;同时磁化处理增加了水和药剂溶液体系中的溶氧量,促进黄药的氧化分解,使电解质和自由移动的离子数目增多,迁移率加大,溶液的pH值和电导率升高等.而矿物浮选试验结果表明:水系磁化处理对纯黄铜矿的浮选过程影响显著,磁化水时随着磁场强度从0增加到300 mT时,黄铜矿的回收率从86.74%提高到90.19%,而磁化丁基黄药时,黄铜矿的回收率从86.90%提高到90.44%.     

硫酸在铝土矿正浮选精矿脱水工艺中应用的技术经济效果

介绍了铝土矿正浮选脱硅生产工艺流程,阐述了硫酸和硫酸铝的团聚机理,通过工业对比试验,证明了在精矿脱水工艺中应用硫酸比硫酸铝具有更优越的技术经济效果.     

苯二氧基二乙酸的相转移催化合成及其浮选性能

用三丁基乙基硫酸乙酯铵作相转移催化剂，以苯二酚、一氯乙酸和氢氧化钠为原料，用三氯甲烷作溶剂，合成了3种不同结构的苯二氧基二乙酸。分别以油酸钠、十二胺和丁黄药为浮选捕收剂，考察了苯二氧基二乙酸对方解石、一水硬铝石和黄铁矿的抑制性能。结果表明，苯二氧基二乙酸的抑制能力较强，对上述3种矿物的抑制性能大小顺序为：方解石＞一水硬铝石＞黄铁矿，可作为方解石等含钙、镁脉石矿物的有效抑制剂。从基团电负性、浮选剂特性指数和亲憎平衡值等方面，对苯二氧基二乙酸的抑制性能进行了讨论。用MINDO3方法对3种药剂进行了量化计算，量化计算结果表明，它们的抑制能力大小顺序为：对位＞间位＞邻位；它们均以负一价离子的形式与矿物中的金属离子发生作用，未离解的羧基则难以发生离解，从而保证药剂与矿物作用后的亲水性，使矿物得到抑制。     

酸性体系中蛇纹石矿泥的抑制及其对硫化铜镍矿浮选的影响

为了消除硫化铜镍矿物表面的氧化膜,抑制蛇纹石等含镁脉石矿泥对浮选影响,在硫化铜镍矿的酸性浮选工艺的基础上研究了羧甲基纤维素(CMC)对硫化铜镍矿浮选过程的优化效果,并探讨了CMC的作用机理。结果表明:1×10^?3 mol/L盐酸溶液及20 min超声预处理可以显著强化硫化铜镍矿的可浮性,酸性浮选体系可以在更宽的pH范围内取得较好的回收率;在pH=3的酸性体系中添加20 mg/L CMC,硫化铜镍矿浮选精矿镍品位提高至19.42%,回收率提高至60.05%;分别比同等条件下不添加CMC的浮选指标分别提高了1.78%和22.79%;CMC对蛇纹石矿泥选择性抑制是其优化硫化铜镍矿浮选过程的主要原因;浊度及表面动电位测试表明CMC加入量必须控制于20 mg/L以内,过量的CMC产生有团聚作用,不利于矿泥颗粒间的分散。     

新型阳离子捕收剂在极难选高硅型铝土矿反浮选中的应用

详细研究了一水硬铝石和脉石矿物在BS-3为捕收剂时的浮选特性,考察了调整剂在矿浆中对浮选的影响,并在此基础上进行了人工配矿和实际矿石的浮选分离试验研究。实际矿石试验结果为:精矿中Al2O3和SiO2的品位分别为64.55%和6.28%,精矿A/S为10.28,Al2O3的回收率高达83.41%。     

六偏磷酸钠在硫化铜镍矿浮选中的分散机理

通过浮选实验、沉降实验、Zeta电位测试、红外光谱测试和显微镜下观测考察六偏磷酸钠在硫化铜镍矿浮选中的作用,研究六偏磷酸钠的分散作用机理。人工混合矿实验结果表明:镍黄铁矿易与蛇纹石发生异相凝聚,降低镍黄铁矿的浮选回收率;六偏磷酸钠能提高人工混合矿的分散性,实现镍黄铁矿与蛇纹石的浮选分离。硫化铜镍矿实际矿石浮选结果表明:六偏磷酸钠能较好地分散矿浆,当原矿镍品位为0.33%时,通过两次粗选就能得到合格的镍精矿产品,镍总回收率为80.27%。作用机理研究表明:六偏磷酸钠通过化学吸附以及溶出蛇纹石表面的镁离子两种方式调整蛇纹石的表面电性,进而分散镍黄铁矿与蛇纹石。     

Effect of biological pretreatment on flotation recovery of pyrolusite

Bacillus mucilaginosus was used in pretreatment of pyrolusite to facilitate the flotation removal of quartz from pyrolusite minerals. Quartz was activated by B. mucilaginosus, whereas pyrolusite was unaffected at pH 7 with laurylamine as collector. Flotation recovery of pyrolusite with B. mucilaginosus pretreatment is 73.62%, slightly lower than that of the process without biopretreament, namely 74.70%. The grade of concentrate of recovered pyrolusite is 19.44%, 2.18% higher than that of the recovered pyrolusite without B. mucilaginosus pretreatment (17.26%). The results of FTIR and SEM showed that no bacteria were adsorbed on the surface of quartz or pyrolusite, indicating that the better selectivity and collectability of flotation resulted from bacterial byproducts. And interaction of bacterial byproducts such as extracellular bacterial polysaccharide, extracellular bacterial protein and acetic acid, on minerals were studied by FTIR and adsorption.