Fatigue crack propagation in single-crystal CMSX- 2 at elevated temperature

The fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behavior of the nickel-base superalloy CMSX-2 in single-crystal form was investigated. Tests were conducted for two temperatures (25 and 700 °C), two orientations ([001][110] and [001][010]), and in two environments (laboratory air and ultra-high vacuum 10^-7 torr). Following FCP testing, the fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FCP rates were found to be relatively independent of the temperature, environment, and orientation when correlated with the conventional mode I stress-intensity factor. Examination of the fracture sur-faces revealed two distinct types of fracture. One type was characterized by 111 fracture surfaces, which were inclined relative to both the loading and crack propagation directions. These features, al-though clearly a result of the fatigue process, resembled cleavage fractures along 111 planes. Such fea-tures were observed at 25 and 700 °C; they were the only features observed for the 25 °C tests. The second type had a macroscopically dull loading appearance, was microscopically rough, and grew normal to the loading axis. These features were observed on the specimens tested at 700 °C (in both air and vacuum) and appeared similar to conventional fatigue fractures. Although in this region the crack plane was mac-roscopically normal to the loading direction, it deviated microscopically to avoid shearing the y ’ precipi-tates. In view of the complex crack growth mechanisms, mixed fracture modes, and lack of any difference in FCP rates, it is hypothesized that the correlation between FCP rates and the stress-intensity parameter is probably coincidental. The implications for life prediction of higher temperature turbine components based on conventional fracture mechanics are significant and should be investigated further.     

K40S钴基高温合金高温高周疲劳行为

研究了K40S合金700℃和900℃高周疲劳行为。结果表明：K40S合金具有低的高温疲劳缺口敏感性，合金在700℃和900℃温度条件下的疲劳缺口敏感性分别为0．025和0．035，合金低的缺口敏感性主要归因于合金良好的高温塑性。二次碳化物M23C6的高温动态时效强化有效地强化了合金基体，提高合金的形变抗力，使合金具有较高的疲劳强度。K40S合金700℃高周疲劳断裂机制主要为机械疲劳断裂，而在900℃温度条件下则为机械疲劳与高温环境氧化共同作用的结果。     

K40S钴基高温合金的高温低周疲劳行为——Ⅱ.疲劳断口分析

研究了K40S钴基高温合金在700℃和900℃温度条件下由应变控制的高温低周疲劳行为，对疲劳断口形貌进行观察，结果表明；在高温低周疲劳加载条件下，K40S合金疲劳裂纹萌生机制为表面滑移带开裂与表面碳化物相界面开裂的综合作用；疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展方式为穿晶型，瞬断区呈现枝晶断裂特征；碳化物可作为障碍，阻碍疲劳裂纹的扩展，且为主要的二交裂纹策源地；K40S合金高温低周疲劳断裂为机械疲劳与高温环境氧化共同作用的结果。     

K40S钴基高温合金的高温低周疲劳行为——Ⅰ.疲劳性能

研究了K40S钴基高温合金在700℃和900℃温度条件下由应变控制的高温低周疲劳行为，对循环应力-应变数据和应变-疲劳寿命数据进行了分析，进而给出了K40S合金在此温度范围的疲劳参数，结果表明：与传统X-40合金相比，K40S合金具有优异的抗高温低周疲劳性能；合金的应力-应变响应行为在700℃时，呈现为循环强化，而在900℃时，为初期强化随后软化，且随着总应变幅的增加，强化效果均增强，上述行为归因于循环形变过程中位错-位错，位错-析出相及固溶原子间的相互作用。     

Preparation and oxidation behavior of NiCrAlYSi coating on a cobalt-base superalloy K40S

Arc ion plating had been employed on a cobalt-base superalloy K40S to deposit a NiCrAlYSi coating to improve its oxidation resistance at 1323-1423 K in air. The K40S superalloy had poor oxidation resistance because a non-protective and easy spalling surface oxides scale mixed of Cr₂O₃ and CoCr₂O₄ was formed on its surface. After coated with NiCrAlYSi coating, a dense and protective α-Al₂O₃ scale was formed on the coating and excellently improved its oxidation resistance. Inter-diffusion obviously occurred between the coating and the substrate K40S superalloy in oxidation process, which resulted from Co atoms in K40S outwards diffused. A richen Cr and W carbides inter-diffusion layer was formed, which could acted as a diffusion barrier that barred Al atoms in coating inwards diffusion. Though the NiCrAlYSi changed into NiCoCrAlYSi during oxidation process, it still possessed a good oxidation resistance and had a considerable long-term life.     

2A97铝锂合金的疲劳裂纹萌生及早期扩展行为(英文)

研究2A97铝锂合金的疲劳裂纹萌生及早期扩展行为。在室温条件下,采用光滑试样进行疲劳测试,其中最大应力为恒定值,应力比R为0.1,频率f为40 Hz。利用金相显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜及电子背散射衍射等手段对合金的微观组织进行分析,研究合金的疲劳裂纹萌生及早期扩展行为与其微观组织的关系。结果表明:2A97合金的疲劳裂纹主要萌生于试样表面的杂质相和粗大第二相处;其疲劳裂纹的早期扩展行为主要受晶粒结构与位错或滑移带共同作用的影响。当相邻晶粒的错配度接近于其晶内的最优滑移面的位向差时,大角度晶界强烈阻碍滑移带的运动,从而导致裂纹分叉和偏折。     

Effects of recrystallization on the low cycle fatigue behavior of directionally solidified superalloy DZ40M

The effects of recrystallization on low cycle fatigue behavior were investigated on directionally solidified Co-base superalloy DZAOM.Optical microscopy and SEM were used to examine the mierostructure and fracture surface of the specimens.The mechanical testing results demonstrated that the low cycle fatigue property of DZ40M significantly decreased with the partial reerystallization.Fatigue cracks initiate near the carbides and the grain boundaries with slip-bands.Both the fatigue crack initiation and propagation can be accelerated with the occurrences of recrystallized grain boundaries.     

Fatigue crack propagation behavior in dual-phase steel

The fatigue crack propagation in dual-phase steel was studied with the objective of developing ferriticmartensitic microstructures via intercritical annealing and thermomechanical processing. It was found that the changes in fatigue crack propagation rates and in the threshold stress intensity range, ΔK _th, resulting from microstructural variations, were directly related to tensile strength in the same manner that was observed in other types of structural steels. It was also observed that the relationship between tensile strength and fatigue crack propagation in intercritically annealed and thermomechanically processed dual-phase steel was much the same as for conventional steels of similar strength level.     

Thermal fatigue behavior of K465 superalloy

The thermal fatigue behavior of K465 superalloy was investigated at the peak temperature of 1050℃. By scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and optical microscopy, the main crack length was observed and measured. The initiation sites of the tested alloys are different in as-cast （named as K465） and solution heat treatment （named as SK465） conditions. In K465 alloy, most thermal fatigue cracks nucleate at （Nb,W,Ti）C carbides. In SK465 alloy, thermal fatigue cracks initiate in interdendritic regions, MC-type carbides and some interfaces. Thermal fatigue cracks propagate in transdendritic mode, and M6C-type carbides could retard thermal fatigue crack growth for SK465 superalloy.     

含Sc航空7075合金的疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展行为

对不同含量Sc微合金化的7075合金进行了疲劳裂纹萌生、疲劳裂纹扩展的对比研究,并对其作用机理进行了分析。结果表明,随着Sc含量的增加,合金的疲劳萌生寿命和强度比都呈现先增加而后降低趋势,在Sc含量为0.24%时,疲劳萌生寿命和强度比最大;当应力比为0.1时,在Sc含量为0.24%时合金具有最大的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力,而当应力比为0.5时,在Sc含量为0.48%时合金具有最大的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力,这可能与细小的晶粒尺寸和较多的第二相阻碍裂纹扩展有关。总而言之,在7075合金中加入0.24%Sc具有最佳的疲劳性能和断裂韧性。     

TiAl合金高温疲劳小裂纹与长裂纹扩展行为

采用原位观察疲劳试验方法研究了变形TiAl合金在650℃下的三维小裂纹扩展行为,利用传统疲劳裂纹扩展试验方法研究了该合金在650～800℃温度范围内的长裂纹扩展行为。结果显示,650℃下,变形TiAl合金的三维小裂纹在低于长裂纹扩展门槛值的区域依然能够扩展,并且扩展速率高于长裂纹;位于试样棱边的横向机械加工刻痕是合金三维小裂纹萌生的主要位置之一,小裂纹在扩展过程中发生偏折并在偏折处合并,合金的疲劳寿命对试样表面的不规则条状加工缺陷不敏感;在650～800℃温度范围内,合金的疲劳长裂纹稳态扩展速率对温度变化不敏感,裂纹扩展过程均显示为解理断裂,裂纹扩展门槛值受韧/脆转变温度影响,韧/脆转变温度以下温度的门槛值较低。     

LY12/Cu双金属层合板的疲劳性能(Ⅱ) ——角裂纹

对爆炸复合双层金属板LY12 /Cu和LY12 /LY12中L T取向角裂纹的疲劳扩展行为进行了对比性实验研究和理论分析。结果表明 ,双层金属板的界面相性能、体积分数及界面两侧材料的性能差异对层合板中角裂纹的疲劳扩展具有重要影响。对由不同金属构成的双层复合板 ,角裂纹疲劳扩展过程中试样两侧面的裂纹长度不同 ,并且随着裂纹扩展其差距逐渐加大 ,但存在最大值Δac。当两侧面裂纹长度差Δa <Δac 时 ,两侧裂纹扩展速率不同 ;当Δa≥Δac 时 ,两侧裂纹扩展速率相同。对整个裂纹扩展过程可用Δac 和其后任一侧的裂纹扩展ΔK—da/dN曲线共同描述。     

ADB610钢焊接接头概率疲劳裂纹扩展分析

采用焊条电弧焊方法对ADB610钢进行焊接,对焊接接头进行疲劳裂纹扩展试验,研究其概率疲劳裂纹扩展规律.采用两步七点递增多项式拟合方法,计算了一系列相同裂纹长度下母材区、热影响区和焊缝区的对数裂纹扩展速率方差和存活率分别为50%,90%,95%,99%,99.9%的裂纹扩展速率.结果表明,总体上母材区的裂纹扩展分散性最小,热影响区其次,焊缝区分散性最大;而且总体上存活率相同时,在裂纹扩展的初期,母材区的裂纹扩展速率最快,焊缝区的裂纹扩展速率最慢;在裂纹扩展末期,三区域的裂纹扩展快慢相当;随着存活率增大,三区域裂纹扩展快慢差别不大时所对应的裂纹长度减小.     

2397合金高周疲劳性能及裂纹萌生扩展行为

研究了2397-T87铝锂合金的高周疲劳性能及裂纹萌生扩展行为。结果表明:在应力比R=0.1时,2397-T87铝锂合金L方向、LT方向和ST方向光滑试样(K_t=1.0)的疲劳寿命极限分别约为192,243和151 MPa;缺口试样(K_t=3.0)的疲劳寿命极限分别约为72,78和70 MPa。其疲劳裂纹主要萌生于试样表面,以及氧化物、夹杂等脱落形成的空洞,Al(CuFeMn)第二相杂质粒子。驻留滑移带(PSB)和晶粒取向对其疲劳裂纹早期扩展有重要影响。     

一种镍基高温合金的低周疲劳性能

研究了一种镍基高温合金在不同温度下的低周疲劳性能,分析了疲劳断口。结果表明,该合金循环应力响应行为表现出对温度和外加总应变幅很强的依赖关系,不同的循环应力响应行为可归因于位错、强化相和合金元素间复杂的交互作用。合金疲劳寿命与温度、外加总应变幅、氧化损伤程度有关。疲劳断裂行为受外加应变幅和氧化影响很大。     

LY12/Cu双金属层合板的疲劳性能(Ⅰ)——面裂纹

考察了爆炸复合层状双金属板LY12 /Cu界面两侧材料弹塑性失配对面裂纹疲劳扩展行为的影响。结果表明 ,界面两侧材料的弹塑性失配对复合板面裂纹的扩展驱动力具有重要影响。当裂纹由弹性模量、屈服强度高的一侧向低的一侧扩展时 ,实际驱动力大于外加名义值 ;当裂纹由弹性模量、屈服强度低的一侧向高的一侧扩展时实际驱动力小于外加名义值 ,从而造成裂纹扩展的加速或止裂 ,其影响离界面越近效果越显著。但弹性失配在裂纹开始扩展直至界面的整个过程都起作用 ,而强度失配只在裂尖距界面一定距离内 (Rp)才起作用     

2524-T34合金疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展行为

通过四点弯曲疲劳试验研究2524-T34板材的疲劳性能,借助金相和扫描电镜观察疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展行为。结果表明:2524合金具有良好的疲劳性能,疲劳强度达到屈服强度的80%以上;疲劳裂纹主要在第二相粒子以及第二相粒子/基体界面萌生,裂纹扩展过程中的偏转与晶界的阻碍有关;相邻晶粒内两个有利滑移面之间的位向差是控制裂纹通过晶界扩展的重要因素。     

EFFECT OF REVERT RECYCLE TIMES ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND FATIGUE PROPERTIES IN COBALT BASE SUPERALLOY K640S

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