Die wall lubricated warm compaction of iron-based powder metallurgy material

Lubricant is harmful to the mechanical properties of the sintered materials,Die wall lubrication was applied on warm compaction powder metallurgy in the hope of reducing the concentration level of the admixed lubricant.Iron-based samples were prepared by die wall lubricated warm compaction at 175℃,using a compacting pressure of 550MPa.Emulsified polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) was used as die wall lubricant.Admixed lubricant concentration ranging from 0 to 0.5% was tested.Extremely low admixed lubricant contents were used.Results show that in addition to the decrease in ejection forces,the green density of the compacts increases with the decrease of admixed lubricant content until it reaches the maximum at 0.06% of lubrcant content,then decreases with the decrease of admixed lubricant content.The mechanical properties of the sintered compacts that contain more than 0.06% admixed lubricant are better than those of the samples that contain lesser lubricant.No scoring was observed in all die wall lubricated experiments.     

Debinding and sintering of warm compacted and binder-treated complex iron-base part

Regular elemental powders were used in warm flow compaction instead of the expensive micron-sized powders to fabricate cross-shaped parts. Debinding behaviors, sintering properties and shape consistency of the sintered parts were studied. Binder removal was accomplished by heating green compacts at intermediate temperatures with optimal heating rates until the debinding temperature was reached. Results show that by controlling debinding process, complex parts with good shape consistence can be obtained by warm compaction of binder-treated powder. Fine and shiny surface was obtained and no surface defect can be observed for sintered parts debinded at 2 ℃/min, while defect can be observed in sintered parts debinded at 4 ℃/min.     

Sinter-hardening properties of partially-diffuse alloyed Fe-Cu-Ni-Mo-C material prepared by die wall lubricated warm compaction

The sinter-hardening properties of a partially-diffuse alloyed Fe-2Cu-2Ni- 1Mo- 1C material were investigated. Samples were formed by die wall lubricated warm compaction method, then, sintered in hydrogen atmosphere at 1 150 ℃ for 1 h and cooled at 4.6, 2.9 and 1.5 ℃/s, respectively, from 900 ℃ down to 600℃. Effects of cooling rate on mechanical properties and microstructure of the material were discussed. The results show that when the cooling rate increases, the tensile strength of the material increases, while, the elongation shows opposite result. The sintered material has a tensile strength of 872 MPa and an apparent hardness of HB 257 at a cooling rate of 4.6 ℃/s. Slight shrinkage is observed. Heterogeneous microstructures containing martensite, bainite, pearlite and nickel-rich retained austenite are observed in the material. Higher martensite content can be obtained at higher cooling rate, while, at lower cooling rate, pearlite and retained austenite dominated the microstructure.     

铁基含油轴承材料表面硫化改性及摩擦学性能

为改善边界润滑工况下铁基含油轴承材料的摩擦学性能,采用低温液体渗硫技术在材料表面形成一层固体渗硫层,微观检测渗硫层形貌与成分,并在端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦学实验,分析其摩擦磨损性能与自润滑机理。结果表明:渗硫层中固体润滑剂的主要成分为FeS,硫化物沿着基体孔道由材料表面向内部扩散,渗硫层的厚度约为15μm;与未硫化材料相比,硫化材料的摩擦因数明显降低,且硫化时间越长,轴承表面渗硫层的减摩性能越好;表面硫化改性后,利用轴承基体多孔含油与表面渗硫层的液固协同润滑作用,其综合摩擦磨损性能比单纯固体润滑或单纯油润滑的减摩性能都要好,边界润滑工况下的抗擦伤、抗咬合性能得到改善。     

预混合工艺对铁基粉末冶金材料组织和烧结性能的影响

通过加入新型润滑剂制得Fe-2Cu-0.8C预混合铁基粉末,并制备了同成分机械混合粉末进行对比试验。对粉末流动性、松装密度以及压制性能进行了测试,并对烧结体的微观组织进行表征。结果表明:制备的预混合粉末流动性和松装密度均优于机械混合粉。当润滑剂加入量为0.6 mass%时,经600 MPa压力下压制所得的生坯密度为7.01 g/cm^3,烧结体密度为7.11 g/cm^3,批量压制时零件质量变化小于0.15%。通过预混合工艺,使得铜和石墨颗粒粘结到铁颗粒表面上,从而达到防止偏析和提高批次稳定性的目的。使用预混合粉末不仅提高了烧结体的尺寸精度和性能,同时可制备出更光洁的零件表面,进行形状复杂零件生产时更能体现出其在稳定性方面的优势。     

Warm compacted NbC particulate reinforced iron-base composite(Ⅰ)--Effect of fabrication parameters

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｅｔａｌｍａｔｒｉｘｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓ (ＭＭＣｓ)ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｓｔｈｅａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓｏｆｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ.Ｉｔｉｓａｈｏｔｓｐｏｔｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｄｅｃａｄｅｓ .Ｐｏｗｄｅｒｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙ (     

磷铁含量对高铁基胎体性能的影响

本文采用粉末冶金方法制备了高铁基胎体的金刚石工具。通过检测材料的硬度、密度、冲击韧性等性能考察了磷铁的加入量对高铁基胎体性能的影响。通过X衍射图、金相图等揭示了磷铁加入量对胎体微观结构变化的影响。结果表明:随着P-Fe含量的增加,胎体的相对密度增加,胎体硬度几乎呈直线上升,含3%磷铁的胎体硬度为HRB97,而含15%磷铁的胎体硬度达到了HRB113。而胎体的抗弯强度、冲击韧性随加入量的增大而减小。脆性的增加对提高胎体的切割性能有益。SEM观察结果表明:随P-Fe的加入量增大,胎体的断裂是脆性断裂为主的韧-脆断裂向脆性断裂过渡。     

Effects of lubricant''''s friction coefficient on warm compaction powder metallurgy

1　INTRODUCTIONWarm compaction is a relatively simple and e conomical process that can produce sintered partswith density up to 94% of the theoretical pore freedensity[1 3], and its potential is tremendous. Withminor modification on the conventional powdermetallurgy equipment and approximately 20%higher cost than conventional cold compaction,green compact density of 7.5 g/cm3 can be obtainedby single press. The only difference between thewarm compaction and th…     

Numerical simulation of warm compacted synchronous pulley

A new mechanical model for warm powder compaction was presented. Warm compaction process of iron-based powder was investigated to deal with the existence of elastic, plastic and thermal strains. A coupled mechanical and thermal model was developed based on ellipsoidal yield criterion and continuum theory. The constitutive equations were integrated into the constitutive integral arithmetic and solved employing incremental iterative solution strategy. The flow stress model of iron powder was nonlinearly fitted according to uniaxial warm compaction. The constitutive model was implemented into user-subroutines of MSC.Marc. With the equations, algorithms and programs developed, the compaction procedures of a complex synchronous pulley were simulated. Two different compaction schemes with different punch displacements were tested and the relative density distribution was obtained. Comparison with experimental data shows that the homogeneity of green compact is greatly affected by the compaction mode. The simulation results agree with the experiments very well.     

Warm compaction behaviors of iron-based powder lubricated by different kinds of graphite

1　INTRODUCTIONConventionalpowdermetallurgy(PM ) process ingcanproduceiron basedPM partswithadensitylessthan 7.1g/cm3(arelativedensityofapproxi mately 90 % ) .Theirmechanicalpropertiesaresub stantiallylessthanthoseoftheirfulldensitycounter part.IncreasingdensityisthebestwaytoincreasetheperformanceofthePM parts .Therearemanyprocessesthatcanproduceiron basedPM partswithhighdensitysuchaspowderforging ,doublepress/doublesinter(DP/DS)andCuinfiltration ,butwarmcompactionisthemosteconomical…     

粉末冶金温压成形技术的研究现状

粉末冶金温压成形,在得到较高致密度零件的同时,可以较铸造和锻造显著的降低原料成本,缩短零件的研制周期,具有重要的研究价值。本文概述了国内外温压成形技术的应用、发展现状及温压成形工艺的关键技术,指出了粉末冶金温压成形技术的发展方向。     

脉冲频率对铁基粉末脉冲电流烧结过程的影响

采用脉冲频率为0、50和100 Hz的电流对高能球磨铁基粉末进行脉冲电流烧结,并研究脉冲频率对粉末的致密化行为、烧结材料的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,通电烧结初期脉冲电流烧结样品的密度和硬度均高于直流电流烧结的试样,但通电烧结后期使用脉冲电流与直流电流所烧结样品的密度和硬度差别不大;相同烧结温度下不同脉冲频率烧结试样的横向断裂强度的相对大小为5σ0 Hz>1σ00 Hz>0σHz;当烧结温度为1 100℃时,不同脉冲频率下所获得的烧结材料的显微组织没有显著差别。     

Test of Cu base alloy Huadong sintering model

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＨＤｓｉｎｔｅｒｉｎｇｍｏｄｅｌｗａｓｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｉｎＲｅｆ.[1 ],ａｎｄｉｔｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅａｌｗａｙｓｅｘｉｓｔｓｈｒｉｎｋ ｉｎｇａｎｄｅｘｐａｎｄｉｎｇｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｓｉｎｔｅｒｉｎｇｐｒｏ ｃｅｓｓ,ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｍｏｓｔＰＭｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｗｉｌｌｓｈｒｉｎｋｏｎｌｙｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａｌｌｙｗｈｅｎｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｄ ,ｔｈａｔｉｓｔｏｓａｙ ,ｉｔｉｓｄｉｆ ｆｉｃｕｌｔｔｏｅｍｅｒｇｅｔｈｅｅｘｐａｎｄｉｎｇ…     

Warm compacting behavior of stainless steel powders

The warm compacting behaviors of four different kinds of stainless steel powders, 304L, 316L, 410L and 430L, were studied. The results show that warm compaction can be applied to stainless steel powders. The green densities and strengths of compacts obtained through warm compaction are generally higher than those obtained through cold compaction. The compacting behaviors in warm compaction and cold compaction are similar.Under the compacting pressure of 700 MPa, the warm compacted densities are 0.10 - 0.22 g/cm3 higher than the cold compacted ones, and the green strengths are 11.5%-50% higher. The optimal warm compacting temperature is 100 - 110℃. In the die wall lubricated warm compaction, the optimum internal lubricant content is 0.2%.     

自润滑材料滑动摩擦磨损性能与机理

研究了低、中、高3种含油量的铜石墨自润滑材料的滑动摩擦磨损过程,发现其磨损量很微小,处于稳态工作时的磨损量最低。依据摩擦系数的变化,利用SEM分析表面形貌和剖面结构,得到自润滑材料滑动摩擦第Ⅰ阶段对应的磨损机理是磨粒磨损,第Ⅱ和第Ⅲ对应的是疲劳磨损,疲劳裂纹的扩展方向接近试样表层拉应力区域的最大剪切圆轨迹,疲劳磨屑最终脱落是法向力的作用结果,依此,确立形成疲劳磨屑的判据。     

粉末短流程成形固结技术的研究及展望

针对粉末冶金行业最新发展的几种短流程成形固结新技术,结合华南理工大学近十多年来在粉末材料-工艺-装备-零件一体化方面开展的研究,重点阐述了粉末冶金温压成形、高速压制成形、喷射成形、多场作用下粉末成形与烧结一体化技术的研究进展及应用情况。指出在粉末冶金成形固结研究领域,合理拓展现有粉末冶金技术规范的空间,有望给传统粉末冶金成形固结技术注入新的活力。粉末冶金成形固结新技术的不断出现,必将促进先进制造业和高技术产业的快速发展,也必将给材料工程和制造业带来更加光明的前景。     

Warm compaction powder metallurgy of Cu

A series of experiments were carried out using different admixed lubricant contents, different compaction pressures and temperatures in order to study the warm compaction of copper powder. Results show that too much admixed lubricant will lead to the squeeze out of the lubricant from the compact during the warm compaction processing of Cu powder. Results also show that blisters can be found in sintered samples that contain lubricant less than 0.15%(mass fraction). Optimal warm compaction parameters for producing high density powder metallurgy copper material are obtained. Compacts with green density of 8.6 g/cm^3 and a sintered density of 8.83 g/cm3 can be produced by warm compacting the Cu powder, which contains 0.2% admixed lubricant, and is compacted at 145℃ with a pressure of 700 MPa.     

钛合金粉末温压成形行为

研究了钛合金粉末的温压成形行为。结果发现，在同一压制压力下，钛合金粉末的生坯密度均在140℃左右达到最大值，高于或低于这一温度，生坯密度反而降低。在压制压力为500MPa下，温压成形的脱模力比室温成形的脱模力降低27．7％。同时，温压成形较室温成形改善了钛合金件的显微组织。     

铁基高密度烧结材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用烧结热锻工艺获得高密度和高硬度的铁基粉末烧结冶金材料,研究了铁基粉末中的铬含量和施加在烧结材料上的载荷对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并借助于扫描电镜观察和分析了粉末冶金烧结材料的磨损形貌、探讨其摩擦磨损机制.结果表明,在铁基粉末中加入0.6%铬时,该粉末材料的硬度、密度和耐磨性最好.主要磨损机制为氧化磨损、粘着磨损和磨粒磨损.     

Warm die compaction and sintering of titanium and titanium alloy powders

A study has been made of the effect of non-lubricated warm die (200 °C) compaction on the densification of hydride–dehydride (HDH) Ti powder, pre-alloyed (PA) Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al powders, and HDH Ti and V-Fe-Al master alloy powder blends, compared to cold die compaction. Depending on the compaction pressure, which was varied from 200 to 1000 MPa, non-lubricated warm die (200 °C) compaction was very effective for −100 mesh HDH Ti powder, increasing the green density by 5.0–9.4% theoretical density (TD). Die wall lubrication with stearic acid showed no influence on the green density when compacted at 800 MPa. With warm die (200 °C) compaction, achieving a green density of greater than 90%TD was straightforward for HDH Ti powder when compacted at ≥750 MPa. Accordingly, near pore-free (≥99.5%TD) Ti microstructures were obtained after sintering at 1300 °C for 120 min in vacuum when compacted at 1000 MPa. The resulting increment in the sintered density was between 2.0%TD and 4.4%TD. Warm die (200 °C) compaction showed no effect on PA Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al powder and only a small effect on PA Ti-6Al-4V powder when compacted at 1000 MPa. However, it was still virtually effective for Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al powder blends made of HDH Ti powder and V-Fe-Al master alloy powder. The observations were compared with literature data and discussed in accordance with the yield strength of Ti, Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al and Al₃V as a function of temperature.