Laser surface cladding of ZM5 Mg-base alloy with Al＋Y powder

The surface properties of ZM5 Mg-base alloy were modified by laser cladding with Al Y powder. Laser cladding was carried out with a 5kW continuous wave CO2 laser by melting the preplaced powder mixture of Al and Y. Following laser cladding, the cladding zone was characterized by a detailed microstructural observation and phase analysis. Moreover, the microhardness and element distribution were evaluated in detail. The surface modified layer consists of Mg17 Al12 and Al4MgY phases, while α-Mg and Mg17Al12 in the substrate. The microhardness of the cladding zone was significantly enhanced as high as HV122-180 as compared to HV60-80 of the substrate region. The maximal hardness about HV224 is in the interface due to the formation of intermetallic Mg17 Al12 phase. The microstructure is refined and Mg diffuses into the cladding material which leads to the formation of Mg17 Al12.     

扩渗温度和时间对镁合金表面Al-Zn共渗层显微组织的影响

    采用扩渗法在镁合金表面共渗Al-Zn,研究了扩渗时间和温度对表面合金层显微组织的影响.结果表明：当温度为390℃时,随着扩渗时间的增加,生成的表面合金层由不连续金属间化合物层(Al6Mg10Zn、Al5Mg11Zn4)＋过渡层变为连续金属间化合物层+过渡层;此过程应是物理置换扩散机制和反应扩散机制同时存在,生成的金属间化合物相主要为Al6Mg10Zn和Al5Mg11Zn4两种类型金属间化合物,其中Al5Mg11Zn4是较为稳定的相;当温度提高到410℃时,晶界扩散活性提高,晶界扩散通道增强,仅为2小时已出现了严重的沿晶界扩渗,造成合金层中金属间化合物沿晶界呈网状不均匀分布.     

焊接温度对Mg/Al扩散焊接头微观组织和性能的影响

采用真空扩散焊在不同焊接温度下对AZ31B镁合金和6061铝合金进行连接。利用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱（EDX）观察Mg/Al异种金属接头的显微组织。结果表明：随着焊接温度的升高,扩散区各层的厚度增加,且组织发生明显变化。440°C时扩散层由Mg2Al3层和Mg17Al12层组成;460和480°C时由Mg2Al3层、Mg17Al12层和Mg17Al12与镁基固溶体的共晶层组成。随着加热温度的升高,高硬度区域显著增多,区域内不同位置的硬度存在明显差别。当焊接温度为440°C时接头的最大抗拉强度为37MPa,脆性断裂发生在Mg17Al12层。     

Laser cladding of Al＋Ir powders on ZM5 magnesium base alloy

Laser cladding of preplaced Al ＋ Ir powders on a ZM5 magnesium alloy was performed to enhance the corrosion resistance of the ZM5 magnesium alloy. A metallurgical bond was obtained at the coating/substrate interface. The corrosion potential （Ecorr） of the laser cladded sample was 169 mV positive to that of the untreated ZM5 substrate,while the corrosion current （Icorr） was some one order of magnitude lower. The laser cladded sample,unlike the untreated ZM5 substrate,showed a passive region in the polarization plot. Immersion tests confirmed that the corrosion resistance of the laser cladded ZM5 sample was significantly enhanced in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The Al-rich phases of AlIr,Mg17Al12,and Al formed in the cladding layer and the rapid solid characteristics were contributed to the improved corrosion behavior of the coating.     

AZ91D镁合金表面激光熔覆Al-TiC涂层组织和性能的研究

目的研究Al-TiC涂层组织和性能的特性,以提高镁合金涂层的硬度和耐蚀性能。方法采用Nd:YAG固体激光器,在AZ91D镁合金表面通过激光熔覆制备Al-TiC涂层,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、电化学工作站,对熔覆层的组织形貌、物相结构、显微硬度和耐蚀性能进行测定和分析。结果 Al-TiC涂层的主要组成相有AlTi_3(C,N)_(0.6),Al_3Mg_2,Mg_2Al_3,Al和TiC等。激光熔覆层的厚度约为0.35 mm,表面成型良好,结合层晶粒细小,熔覆层与镁合金基体之间结合良好,呈大波浪形。熔覆层试样的平均显微硬度为224HV,约为基体显微硬度(62HV)的4倍,由此表明熔覆层对镁合金硬度有明显的增强作用。镁合金基体的自腐蚀电位为-1.475 V,自腐蚀电流密度为7.556×10~(–5) A/cm~2,熔覆层试样的自腐蚀电位为-1.138V,自腐蚀电流密度为4.828×10~(–5) A/cm~2,与镁合金基体相比,熔覆层的腐蚀电位值增加,腐蚀电流密度值变小,熔覆层的耐蚀性能得到提高。结论采用激光熔覆技术,能够在AZ91D镁合金基体表面制备Al-TiC涂层,由于硬质相AlTi_3(C,N)_(0.6),Al_3Mg_2,Mg_2Al_3,TiC等的存在,熔覆层的显微硬度和耐蚀性能显著提高。     

表面扩渗Al,Zn处理对ZM5镁合金性能的影响

通过铝锌(Al,Zn)混合粉对ZM5镁合金进行了表面固态扩渗铝锌(Al,Zn)处理,在衬底形成了Mg-Al-Zn合金层.研究结果表明:Mg-Al-Zn合金层主要由Mg-Al-Zn固溶体和Mg-Al-Zn金属间化合物(Al6Mg10Zn,Al5MgllZn4)组成,该合金层不仅使ZM5镁合金表面合金层显微硬度显著提高,而且在盐水浸泡腐蚀过程中,在衬底与腐蚀介质之间起到了良好的屏障作用,从而赋予试样良好的腐蚀性能.     

TC4合金表面激光熔覆NiCrBSiC+TiN粉末涂层的微观组织研究

采用CO2激光在TC4合金表面进行了NiCrBSiC＋TiN粉末的熔覆试验,获得了连续均匀、无气孔和裂纹的熔覆层,利用EPMA、SEM和TEM分析了激光熔覆层的微观组织。结果表明,熔覆层的组织为在Ni基合金基体上均匀分布着TiN颗粒和针状的M23（CB）。相,TiN颗粒与Ni60合金结合紧密,界面干净光滑。熔覆层与TCA合金呈冶金结合,结合区的组织由柱状晶和树枝晶组成,基底热影响区为马氏体组织。     

A dense and compact laser cladding layer with solid metallurgical bonding significantly improved corrosion resistance of Mg alloy for engineering applications

Although Mg alloy attracts great attention for engineering applications because of high specific strength and low density, low corrosion resistance limits its extensive use. In this study, Mg–Al–Zn–Mn alloy was treated via a laser cladding process to generate a dense and compact laser cladding layer with solid metallurgical bonding on the substrate for improving corrosion resistance, effectively hindering the corrosion pervasion into Mg alloy. The corrosion current density declined from 103 μA/cm² for Mg alloy to 13 μA/cm² for the laser cladding layer in NaCl aqueous solution. Moreover, the laser cladding layer was slightly corroded in comparison with Mg alloy in NaCl aqueous solution. Besides, the microhardness of the cladding layer reached a mean value of 170.5 HV, 3.1 times of Mg alloy (56.8 HV) due to the in situ formation of hardening intermetallic phases. Wear resistance of laser cladding layer was also obviously improved. These results demonstrated that the laser cladding layer obviously enhanced anticorrosion property of Mg alloy for engineering applications.     

The effect of solid diffusion surface alloying on properties of ZM5 magnesium alloy

In this research, solid diffusion process was used to form a diffusion alloying layer on the surface of ZM5 magnesium alloy to improve corrosion and wear resistance. It is shown that the solid diffusion layer was mainly composed of Mg–Al–Zn intermetallic compounds and Mg–Al–Zn solid solution transition zone that had more Zn and Al elements than untreated ZM5 magnesium substrate. The continued immersion test in 3% NaCl solution displayed that the diffusion-treated specimen had better corrosion resistance compared to the untreated ZM5 specimen. The polarization test indicated that the Mg–Al–Zn intermetallic compounds of the diffusion alloying layer were an effective corrosion barrier to decrease the corrosion rate for ZM5 magnesium alloy when exposed to 3% NaCl solutions. In addition, the microhardness values of the Mg–Al–Zn intermetallic compounds were much higher than those of the substrate and this would greatly contribute to the enhancement of wear resistance.     

微量Er对ZM5镁合金微观组织及腐蚀性能的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射分析、失重法及动电位扫描测试法,研究了微量Er对铸态ZM5镁合金显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明微量Er可细化ZM5镁合金的铸态组织,提高耐腐蚀性能;在0～0.6％范围内,随着Er含量的增加,合金中的Mg17Al12相由粗大、连续树枝状分布逐渐转变为细小、弥散的颗粒状均匀分布;当Er含量为0.6％时,组织中有Al3Er相生成.随着Er添加量的逐渐增加,ZM5镁合金的平均腐蚀速率逐渐降低;当Er含量为0.6％时,在3.5％NaCl水溶液中浸泡的腐蚀速率为2.125 6 mg/(cm2·d),仅为常规ZM5镁合金的20％.微量Er使得ZM5镁合金在3.5％ NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流降低.     

添加Si粉对AZ91D镁合金激光表面改性

为提高镁合金的表面硬度,对预置Si粉的AZ91D进行高能CO2激光表面改性处理.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针微区分析和X射线衍射仪等方法研究了激光改性层的组织结构.结果表明:AZ91D表面改性层主要由α-Mg,Al12Mg17和Mg2Si组成.Si粉与镁合金完全发生反应形成金属间化合物Mg2Si,Mg2Si以树枝状分布.Al-Mn相由AZ91D基体中的团聚棒状变为激光改性层中的分散球状.激光表面改性后.由于Mg2Si相产生的强化和Mg17Al12产生的细晶强化,显微硬度从80 HV提高到324 HV.     

挤压和热处理对ZM61镁合金组织和性能的影响

研究均匀化、挤压以及热处理对Mg-5.77%Zn-0.94%Mn(ZM61)(质量分数)镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:ZM61铸态组织呈枝晶结构,枝晶间网状的和枝晶内颗粒状的金属间化合物为Mg7Zn3;经(330℃,8 h)+(420℃,2 h)的两级均匀化处理后,化合物绝大部分溶解于基体;两级均匀化处理可大幅降低合金的挤压温度(降低幅度30℃)、减少挤压态组织中的残余流线、提高挤压态合金的伸长率、缩短固溶时间,但并未明显细化挤压态合金的晶粒;对于可时效强化的ZM61变形镁合金来说,晶粒大小对其力学性能的影响不大,起主要强化作用的是时效析出相的类型、尺寸和弥散程度;ZM61在时效过程中主要析出沿[0001]α-Mg的β1′杆状相和平行于(0001)α-Mg的β2′盘状相的析出相,其中β1′杆状相为起主要强化作用的析出相。     

镁合金与铝合金的夹层扩散焊连接

采用锌夹层在356℃温度下对镁铝异种金属进行扩散焊连接,并对接头的微观组织和力学性能进行分析.结果表明,利用镁与锌原子互扩散形成低熔点共晶液相区,能够实现镁铝材料的可靠连接.镁铝焊接接头界面区由铝锌反应层、未充分扩散锌层、锌镁反应扩散层组成.铝基体侧铝锌反应层是固溶体层,镁基体一侧锌镁反应扩散层主要是过饱和的固溶体基体及弥散析出的中间相,该区的中间相成分为Mg2Zn11及MgZn2.锌夹层的加入可有效阻止镁铝之间的互扩散.锌夹层镁铝扩散焊接头抗剪强度远超过镁铝直接真空扩散焊接头的抗剪强度.断口观察及相分析表明,接头失效发生在锌镁反应扩散层.     

Influence of Zn Interlayer on Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TIG Lap-Welded Mg/Al Joints

This study explored 6061 Al alloy and AZ31B Mg alloy joined by TIG lap welding with Zn foils of varying thicknesses, with the additional Zn element being imported into the fusion zone to alloy the weld seam. The microstructures and chemical composition in the fusion zone near the Mg substrate were examined by SEM and EDS, and tensile shear strength tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the Al/Mg joints, as well as the fracture surfaces, and phase compositions. The results revealed that the introduction of an appropriate amount of Zn transition layer improves the microstructure of Mg/Al joints and effectively reduces the formation of Mg-Al intermetallic compounds (IMCs). The most common IMCs in the fusion zone near the Mg substrate were Mg-Zn and Mg-Al-Zn IMCs. The type and distribution of IMCs generated in the weld zone differed according to Zn additions; Zn interlayer thickness of 0.4 mm improved the sample’s mechanical properties considerably compared to thicknesses of less than 0.4 mm; however, any further increase in Zn interlayer thickness of above 0.4 mm caused mechanical properties to deteriorate.     

铝合金在海洋环境中的腐蚀研究（Ⅰ）：——海水潮汐区16年暴露试验总结

总结了铝合金在青岛海域海水潮汐区暴露16年的腐蚀试验结果，防锈铝LF2Y2、LF6M（BL）、F21M、180YS在海水潮汐区有好的耐蚀性，工业纯铝L4M、锻铝LD2CS的耐蚀性较差，硬铝LY11CZ（BL）、LY12CZ（BL）和超硬铝LC4CS（BL）的包铝层起着牺牲阳极作用，使基体受到保护，海生物污损对铝合金的腐蚀有明显影响，镁，锰能提高铝在海水潮汐区的耐蚀性，硅明显降低铝的耐蚀性，铜严重损害铝的耐蚀性。     

镁基汽车电池合金的锻造工艺及组织性能

采用不同温度进行了Mg18Al0.2Ni镁基电池合金的多向等温锻造工艺试验,并与锻造前的合金进行了显微组织、耐腐蚀性能和充放电循环稳定性的对比分析.结果表明:多向等温锻造工艺明显细化了合金晶粒,显著提高了合金的耐腐蚀性能和充放电循环稳定性;随着锻造温度从350 ℃增至450℃,Mg18Al0.2Ni镁基电池合金的内部组...     

AZ91D镁合金激光熔覆Al+Al_2O_3涂层的界面特征

在AZ91D镁合金表面激光熔覆Al+Al2O3粉末制得了复合涂层。用扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜和原子力显微镜对涂层与AZ91D镁合金基体界面结合区生长形态和特征以及涂层中Al2O3粒子的分布进行了观察,用能谱仪对界面结合区的元素线扫描,用X射线衍射分析确定了涂层及基体中的相组成。结果显示,涂层中Al2O3粒子的分布是均匀的,结合区的生长形态为独特的平行树枝晶,其组织形态受激光工艺参数的影响。     

Morphological evolutions of cast and melt-spun Mg_(97)Zn_1Y_2 alloys during deformation and heat-treating

Mg_(97)Zn_1Y_2 alloy has been studied as an elevated temperature creep resistant Mg-based alloy for nearly ten years.While, the strength of the cast Mg_(97)Zn_1Y_2 alloy with long-period stacking(LPS) structure is lower than that of the commercial AZ91 alloy at room temperature.The microstructure evolutions in Mg_(97)Zn_1Y_2(molar fraction,%) alloys with LPS phase,processed by rolling and annealing the as-cast alloy and rapidly solidifying/melt-spinning and age treating at different temperatures respecti...     

铝合金在海洋环境中的腐蚀研究(Ⅱ)--海水全浸区16年暴露试验总结

总结了铝合金在青岛海域海水全浸区暴露16年的腐蚀结果，防锈铝LF2Y2，LF6M（BL），F21M，180YS在海水全浸区有好的耐蚀性，工业纯铝L4M，锻铝LD2CS的耐蚀性较差，无包铝层的硬铝LY12CZ和超硬铝LC4CS在海水中的耐蚀性很差，硬铝，超硬铝的包铝层起牺牲阳极作用，使基体受到保护，海生物污损对铝合金在海水中的腐蚀有明显影响，镁、锰能提高铝的耐海水腐蚀性，硅明显降低铝的耐蚀性，铜严重损害铝的耐蚀性，腐蚀电位较负的铝合金耐海水腐蚀性较好，腐蚀电位较正的铝合金耐海水腐蚀性较差。     

激光器(Nd:YAG)工艺参数对熔覆层组织的影响

研究了采用Al、Si和Al2O3混合粉对AZ91D镁合金表面进行激光熔覆的工艺和熔覆层组织。激光加工是在一个5 kW固体激光器(Nd:YAG)上进行的,研究了Si和Al2O3颗粒在熔覆层中的体积分数、分布、形貌及其组织。较系统地研究了激光工艺参数对其组织和熔覆层显微硬度的影响。结果表明,熔覆层的平均显微硬度比基体AZ91D的(HV0.0560~70)高很多,可达HV0.05210;并且,随着激光功率的增加,熔覆层的显微硬度下降,这种情况在较低功率(小于2 kW)时更为明显。给出了用Al、Si和Al2O3混合粉激光熔覆AZ91D镁合金表面适当的工艺参数和均匀的复合层组织。