Mechanism of removing inclusions from molten aluminum by stirring active molten flux

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Effect of turbulent flow on electromagnetic elimination with high frequency magnetic field

1 Introduction The application of the electromagnetic body force to separate non-metallic inclusions was proposed by ALEMANY et al[1,2]. And ASAI et al have measured the migration velocity of polystyrene particles in a sodium chloride aqueous solution, in which a DC electric field and DC magnetic field were simultaneously imposed. They found that the direction of migration is opposite to the electromagnetic force and the migration velocity agrees well with the values calculated from the …     

提高奥氏体不锈钢板坯质量连铸工艺实践

通过优化连铸过程中的结晶器铜板使用方法,实现完全消除由于结晶器铜板引起板坯表面裂纹,同时结晶器铜板镀层的过钢量从2万t提高到6万t;为有效去除板坯中大颗粒夹杂物,改进中间包流场设计,保留稳流器,取消挡墙和挡坝,使得钢水的运动轨迹和停留时间发生变化,从而显著降低板坯中10 μm以上大颗粒夹杂物的数量、并能将夹杂物的最大尺寸控制在20 μm以内;通过上述工艺实践,实现大幅提高奥氏体不锈钢板坯质量。     

Strain distribution of strips with spherical inclusion during cold rolling

The deformation of 304 stainless steel strips with a spherical inclusion during cold rolling was simulated by 3D finite element method, and the strain distribution was calculated for a variety of the material attribution of inclusion （hard inclusions and soft inclusions） and the inclusion size （10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μm）. During rolling, the strain in front of inclusion is larger than that in rear of inclusion for both the hard and soft inclusions. For hard inclusions, the strain in front and rear of inclusions is larger than that of inclusions, and the maximum and minimum strains increase with the increase of inclusion diameter （from 10 μm to 50 μm）. For soft inclusions, the strain in front and rear of inclusions is smaller than that of inclusions, and the maximum and minimum strains decrease with the increase of inclusion sizes when the inclusion diameter is larger than 20μm but increase when the inclusion diameter is smaller than 20 μm. Finally, the relationship between the inclusion deformation and the crack generation was discussed.     

轴承钢连铸过程中非金属夹杂物群迁移行为的分析

为了研究轴承钢方坯连铸过程中存在的非金属夹杂物聚集问题,建立了凝固过程的流-固耦合模型,采用数值模拟和现场试验相结合的方法,研究了浇注过程中夹杂物族群的迁移行为。结果表明,在断面、结晶器搅拌强度和浸入式水口对比方面,较大断面、较强搅拌和带侧孔的水口对改善铸坯中10 μm以下的夹杂物比较有利,5～10 μm级别夹杂物最易被初生坯壳捕捉。结果显示,5 μm以下的中间包钢液中微观夹杂物数量过大,在浇注过程中会促进夹杂物族群间的碰撞迁移,导致铸坯中20～30 μm级别夹杂物数量增多,但对50 μm以上的大尺寸夹杂物影响甚微;铸坯中该大尺寸级别的夹杂物主要直接来源于中间包。这些研究结果对弄清夹杂物的来源,改善轴承钢疲劳寿命具有重要意义。     

Mathematical model of electromagnetic elimination in tubule with high frequency magnetic field

In order to find the ways to improve the elimination efficiency with high frequency magnetic field, a mathematical model of electromagnetic elimination （EME） in the tubule with high frequency magnetic field was set up. The calculated results show that by ignoring the flow of molten metal, when the surface magnetic induction intensity of the metal （B0） is 0.03 T and the diameter of the tubule is 8 mm, the non-metallic inclusions with 30 μm diameter can be wiped offin 7 s from the center of the molten aluminum, whereas the elimination time of the 5 μm non-metallic inclusions is more than 240 s. When B0 is 0.03 T, the diameter of the tubule is 8 mm and elimination time is more than 30 s, the elimination efficiency of 5μm, 10μm and 30 μm non-metallic inclusions is about 60%, 90% and 100%, respectively, the elimination efficiency increases with the decreasing diameter of the tubule. It can be concluded that increasing the magnetic induction intensity or decreasing the diameter of the tubule can decrease the elimination time and improve the elimination efficiency in EME with high frequency magnetic field.     

船板钢铸坯中大型夹杂物的分析

为了解船板钢铸坯中夹杂物含量、尺寸及来源,采用大样电解法提取B、D船板钢铸坯中的大型夹杂物,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对夹杂物的形貌和组成进行分析,并对尺寸大于50 μm的夹杂物的来源进行了分析。试验结果表明,在铸坯宽度1/4处夹杂物含量最高。铸坯中尺寸大于50 μm的大型夹杂物主要来源于浇铸过程的卷渣,其余为LF精炼过程对钢中夹杂物进行钙处理的产物、浸入式水口及耐火材料侵蚀产物、钢液二次氧化产物。     

Grain refining of Al-Si alloys using Al-10% Ti master alloy: role of Zr addition

The present study was carried out on ultra-pure aluminum, 1050, and 356 alloys. The results revealed that when Al-4%B is added to ultra-pure aluminum, it forms AlB₁₂ and AlB₂ which have no grain refining effect in pure aluminum. When no grain refiner is added to pure aluminum, the microstructure is a mixture of columnar and equiaxed grains. The addition of 30 ppm Ti to pure aluminum is sufficient to promote equiaxed grains when the metal is solidified at high rate ~ 10°C/s but requires an addition of 1000 ppm B at 0.8°C. Increasing the Si content to 7% reduces the initial grain size of pure aluminum from 2800 μm to 1200 μm. In commercial aluminum, B reacts with traces of Ti to form TiB₂ phases which are active grain refining agents. However, in Al-7%Si, Ti reacts with Si forming (Al,Si)₂Ti phase which is a poor refining agent.     

覆铝钢板搪瓷保护层耐蚀性研究

研究了涂层化学组成与覆铝钢板表面搪瓷涂层的耐蚀性能之间关系。结果表明,当涂层受Ｈ＾＋侵蚀时,均匀分布在涂层中的ＴｉＯ２晶体可以阻止Ｈ＾＋通过硅酸盐骨架中网穴对搪瓷涂层的腐蚀;当受ＯＨ＾－作用时,组成中的ＺｒＯ２首先与ＯＨ＾－生成Ｚｒ（ＯＨ）４,进一步与涂层表面的硅醇结合形成保护膜,阻止ＯＨ＾－的腐蚀。     

无取向硅钢精炼过程夹杂物控制研究

针对RH工艺生产50W800无取向硅钢精炼过程夹杂物较多的问题,采用扫描电镜对钢中夹杂物尺寸、种类及数量进行分析,测定氩站炉渣成分,研究了50W800无取向硅钢中夹杂物控制方法。结果表明：氩站处理能够去除39.11%的夹杂物,RH出站到中间包夹杂物总面积减少了2 406.94 μm2,夹杂物的去除率为57.40%;钢中夹杂物主要为Al2O3夹杂,尺寸介于1～4 μm之间,亦存在少量AlN?Al2O3和CaO-Al2O3-MgO复合夹杂物;氩站炉渣能够较好地吸收钢中夹杂物,但改质效果不明显。     

Motion behavior of non-metallic particles under high frequency magnetic field

Non-metallic particles, especially alumina, are the main inclusions in aluminum and its alloys. Numerical simulation and the corresponding experiments were carried out to study the motion behavior of alumina particles in commercial pure aluminum under high frequency magnetic field. At the meantime, multi-pipe experiment was also done to discuss the prospect of continuous elimination of non-metallic particles under high frequency magnetic field. It is shown that: 1) results of numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results, which certificates the rationality of the simulation model; 2) when the intensity of high frequency magnetic field is 0.06 T, the 30 μm alumina particles in melt inner could migrate to the edge and be removed within 2 s; 3) multi-pipe elimination of alumina particles under high frequency magnetic field is also effective and has a good prospect in industrial application.     

锂电池中铝箔表面形貌对电池性能的影响

10～20μm厚的铝箔经常应用于锂电池的阴极。将被化学腐蚀的粗糙表面铝箔与光滑平面的铝箔进行对比,以考察铝箔的表面形貌对锂电池的影响。对于高电导率且颗粒较大的LiCoO2锂电池材料,两种铝箔的锂电池性能没有明显不同。但是对于低电导率且颗粒较小的LiFePO4材料,高倍率放电性有很大的差异。通过优化铝箔的表面形貌及电池材料的颗粒尺寸,可使电池的性能得到提高。     

金刚石涂层立铣刀与PCD立铣刀切削铝合金性能研究

目的：研究金刚石涂层立铣刀和 PCD 立铣刀切削铝合金时,铝合金表面粗糙度以及刀具的使用寿命。方法通过实验比较1μm、5μm金刚石涂层四刃立铣刀和PCD立铣刀在高速干式切削条件下切削铝合金的性能,并通过走刀距离比较不同状态刀具的使用寿命以及在走刀过程中的粘刀情况,用表面粗糙度测量仪测量加工的铝合金表面粗糙度。结果1μm、5μm金刚石涂层立铣刀加工铝合金失效距离分别为25 m、75 m, PCD立铣刀加工铝合金96 m后失效;1μm、5μm金刚石涂层立铣刀切削铝合金表面粗糙度平均值分别为1.07μm、1.10μm,PCD立铣刀切削铝合金表面粗糙度平均值为0.80μm。结论5μm金刚石涂层立铣刀是1μm金刚石涂层立铣刀寿命的5倍,PCD立铣刀使用寿命最长;1μm、5μm金刚石涂层立铣刀切削铝合金表面较PCD立铣刀粗糙,在相同切削环境下切削铝合金时, PCD立铣刀使用寿命较金刚石涂层立铣刀提高,且在抑制粘刀方面效果十分明显。     

电解萃取研究稀土元素对耐候钢中夹杂物的影响

为了研究稀土元素对钢中夹杂物的改性影响,以未添加稀土元素的Q235和添加了稀土元素的Q235RE两种耐候钢为研究对象,采用非水溶液电解萃取和物理磁选分离的方法提取出钢中的夹杂物,结合X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和能谱仪分别对其类型、三维形貌进行研究。研究结果表明：未添加稀土元素的Q235钢中的夹杂物类型主要是硫化锰和铝、硅的复合氧化夹杂,且尺寸较大,呈现不规则多角状的镁铝氧化物、氧硫复合夹杂物尺寸可达40 μm,长条状硫化锰夹杂尺寸可达50 μm;稀土耐候钢Q235RE中夹杂物的类型主要是氧硫稀土复合夹杂物,夹杂物尺寸明显变小,长条状的硫化物被规则的球状的稀土硫化物及稀土氧硫复合夹杂物所取代,不规则多角状的氧化夹杂物尺寸小于15 μm,尺寸减小了约60%。     

交变磁场分离铝熔体中Fe、Si的金属间化合物

根据含Fe、Si杂质和铝熔体的导电性之间的差异．应用电磁场将其从铝熔体中分离出来。测量和分析了自制设备所产生的电磁场。将Mn加入到铝溶液中。把针状和树枝状的金属间化合物颗粒改变为块状和含角状的结晶体。并且在不同的试验条件下，利用电磁场净化预先配制好的合金。试验结果表明，变形后的杂质的分布会随着磁感应强度的改变而变化，加入Mn可以显著提高杂质颗粒的迁移效率。     

A study of the corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024-T3 under thin electrolyte layers

The corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024-T3 (AA2024-T3) under thin electrolyte layers was studied in 3.0 wt% sodium chloride solutions by cathodic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. The cathodic polarization measurements show that, when the electrolyte layer is thicker than 200 μm, the oxygen reduction current is close to that of the bulk solution. But in the range of 200-100 μm, the oxygen reduction current is inversely proportional to the layer thickness, which shows that the oxygen diffusion through the electrolyte layer is the rate-determining step for the oxygen reduction process. In the range of 100 μm to about 58 μm, the oxygen reduction current is slightly decreased probably due to the formation of aluminum hydroxide or the change of the diffusion pattern from 2-dimensional diffusion to one-dimensional diffusion. The further decrease in electrolyte layer thickness increase the oxygen reduction current to some extent again, because the diffusion of oxygen plays more important role in thin electrolyte layers.The EIS measurements show that the corrosion is controlled by the cathodic oxygen reduction at the initial stage, showing the largest corrosion rate at the electrolyte layer thickness of 105 μm. But at the later stage of corrosion, the anodic process begin to affect the corrosion rates and the corrosion rates show a maximum at 170 μm, which may be the thickness where the corrosion changes from cathodic control to anodic control. The corrosion rate under the very thin electrolyte layer (62 μm in this study) is even smaller than that in bulk solution, this is due to that the anodic process is strongly inhibited.     

几种铝钢异种金属熔钎焊工艺的对比与分析

采用脉冲旁路耦合电弧MIG焊、CMT及激光焊方法实现铝/镀锌钢板搭接焊,对焊缝界面微观组织、形貌及元素成分进行了观察分析,并测试了其力学性能.结果表明,三种焊接方法均可以实现铝/镀锌钢板异种金属的优质连接,获得成形良好的焊缝,搭接接头的抗拉剪强度均可以达到铝合金母材的80%以上,拉伸试样断裂在焊缝铝合金母材热影响区.当母材热输入及工艺合适时,三种方法下搭接接头界面处均形成一主要成分为Fe₂Al₅和FeAl₃,平均厚度约为8 μm的金属间化合物,而且控制金属间化合物的生成是获得铝/钢焊接优质接头的关键.     

Q235钢与5052铝合金感应-静压焊接头界面微观组织和力学性能

为了有效实现车身上的钢/铝复合结构连接，提出了一种新型的焊接与连接技术?感应-静压焊(induction-pressure welding，IPW). 通过光学显微镜、电子扫描显微镜对钢/铝合金连接界面的组织形貌进行观察，通过X射线色散能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及显微硬度计测试了钢/铝连接界面的化学成分、金属间化合物种类以及显微硬度. 结果表明，采用感应-静压焊工艺可以实现Q235钢与5052铝合金的有效连接. 接头界面上1、2号试样的金属间化合物平均厚度分别为115，85 μm. 接头界面的微观组织形貌呈锯齿状，并且组织向钢侧生长. 接头界面组织的硬度明显高于两侧钢铝基体组织的硬度，1，2号试样接头的抗拉强度分别为49，158 MPa. 同时，在整个感应-静压焊工艺过程中，随着加热温度的降低，金属间化合物厚度呈线性减少. 此外，还发现铝原子的扩散能力显著高于铁原子. 故而，在钢/铝感应-静压焊接头界面生成了富铝的金属间化合物Fe₂Al₅和FeAl₂.     

Investigation into the influence of laser melting on the sulphide inclusions in AISI 416 stainless steel

AISI 416 is a high sulphur martensitic stainless steel with elliptical shaped sulphide inclusions over 2 μm in length. After laser melting the sulphide inclusions became spherical and reduced in size to below 0.5 μm in diameter. SEM investigations showed that the total number of inclusions increased dramatically and it was calculated that the total volume of sulphur in the stainless steel had not changed during the laser treatment. The pitting potential was increased by over 200 mV with an inverse linear dependency on the average inclusion size. The frequency of metastable pitting events decreased by a factor of 100.     

非稳态浇铸条件下IF钢铸坯中大型夹杂物分析

应用了大样电解、扫描电镜、能谱分析等方法,研究了转炉—RH—连铸工序生产IF钢的头坯、交接坯、尾坯中大型夹杂物的质量分数、粒径、来源,并与正常坯进行了对比。结果表明：非稳态浇铸条件下,头坯的大型夹杂物质量分数最高,平均质量分数是正常坯的3.15倍,其次是交接坯和尾坯,平均质量分数均高于正常坯。本次试验只有头坯和尾坯中发现大于300 μm的大型夹杂物,且在头坯中质量分数最高,质量分数为7.47×10－7。交接坯中大于80 μm粒径的夹杂物高于正常坯,而正常坯中则以小于80 μm的夹杂物为主。头坯中大型夹杂物主要来源于结晶器卷渣、耐火材料、中间包渣、引流砂;交接坯和尾坯中大型夹杂物主要来源于结晶器卷渣、中间包渣;正常坯中大型夹杂物的来源主要是水口结瘤以及结晶器卷渣。