MOCVD technology in research, development and mass production

The recent years have seen a continuous transfer of exciting new technologies from basic research institutions to high-yield mass production and into our everyday lives. Devices made from novel semiconductor compounds can be found in products ranging from consumer electronics to high-speed backbone communication networks. This includes high-power infrared laser diodes for glass fiber applications, light-emitting diodes of ultra-high brightness for display and lighting, high-power blue and UV laser diodes for mass storage as well as all types of transistors made from silicon, III–V compounds and silicon-carbide.To facilitate the easy and straightforward transfer from research scale experimental setups to large-area substrates for mass production AIXTRON offers the whole scale of epitaxy solutions from single-wafer systems to large-scale production machines for up to 95 wafers. The easy configurability of the systems in terms of up-scaling of wafer sizes up to 7×6 in for phosphides and arsenides and up to 7×3 inch for nitride materials in concurrence with easy maintenance, high reproducibility and high uniformity across the wafer and from wafer-to-wafer, make the AIXTRON systems the ideal solution for mass production. The growth principle common to all AIXTRON MOCVD systems allows the easy up-scaling of established processes to larger configurations, even from single-wafer AIX 200 systems to production-type Planetary Reactors^®.Add-ons like in situ monitoring of the growth process by reflectometry (Filmetrics^®) or Reflectance Anisotropy Spectroscopy (Epi-RAS^®) help in a considerable reduction of the development time and costs, hence improving innovation cycles and the time-to-market of novel devices since the growth of the material can be monitored in real time.     

Managing product development

Good technical management may seem intangible and hard to define. One reason for this is that really good management is so rare. Yet it can be taught and learned. This brief outline can only begin to sketch out the more important principles of good management. A study of management technology, beginning with the above references, will go a long way in increasing the effectiveness of anyone having anything to do with product development. When diligently studied and applied, sound management principles can be used to build prosperous companies and thriving civilizations     

可大量生产的纸张基板电子纸

韩国机械研究院的研究人员近日研发成功了由发光器件和传感器等构成的电子显示纸,可以使用现有印刷工艺大量生产. 这种电子纸采用了无机发光材料作为发光器件,使用纸张及其他材料作为基板.其发光原理是:发光材料被涂布于基板上,通过电致发光实现字符与图形的显示.     

MCT technology challenges for mass production

Second generation infrared (IR) detectors are now mature at the production level. These detectors are mostly based on HgCdTe (MCT) materials technology. The main second generation detectors at the mass production level are the 288 4 long wave length for most of the European forward-looking infrared (FLIR) and the 480 6 long wave length for the U.S. Army SADA applications. As far as the 288 4 is concerned, SOFRADIR has delivered more than 3000 units already and the market is estimated to be 15,000 units at least! The market is also very large for SADA II units and SOFRADIR has produced them since the end of 1999. Thus, SOFRADIR produces large quantities of mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detectors and has a unique experience for MCT detectors in mass production. MCT materials technology challenges for mass production concern the main following issues: Quality and reproducibility, MCT wafer size increase, array yield level increase, and the collective manufacturing approach. These issues are discussed in detail in this paper as well as future trends.     

Suppliers' contributions to product development: an exploratorystudy

Many managers are trying to leverage the skills and resources of key component suppliers to develop high-quality new products faster and at a lower cost. In this exploratory study, we surveyed product-development engineers in 79 small- to medium-sized firms to determine if three techniques commonly used to integrate suppliers into product development increase the supplier's perceived contributions to product development in the eyes of its customer. The techniques studied are: (1) timing of a supplier's involvement; (2) supplier's design responsibility; and (3) communication frequency. Of these, only early supplier involvement was significantly related to the perception of an increased contribution by the supplier. In addition, we found that the supplier's contributions to product development had little practical influence on the overall project technical success. The findings suggest that more research is needed to understand how to use suppliers effectively to improve product-development outcomes     

面向工程化应用的量子阱红外探测材料制备研究

为了得到高性能的量子阱红外探测材料,本文通过建立系统的材料设计、材料生长及材料表征体系,对面向工程化应用要求的单色以及双色红外探测的量子阱材料制备技术进行了较深入探索,并得到了相应部分器件的测试结果,实践证明,通过工艺与控制过程优化,量子阱红外探测材料的制备可实现高的可控性和稳定性。     

An introduction to fast wafer level reliability monitoring for integrated circuit mass production

The continuous verification of process reliability is essential to semiconductor manufacturing. The tool that accomplishes this task in the required short time is the fast wafer level reliability monitoring (fWLR). The basic approaches for this task are described in this introductory overview. It summarizes sampling plans, discusses the feasibility of using fWLR for screening and describes the data assessment and application of control cards. Beyond these general topics many of the fWLR stress methods are described in detail: Dielectric stressing by means of an exponential current ramp is compared to ramped voltage stress. Especially for thin oxides the methods differ regarding the soft breakdown detection and the time they consume. Another task of fWLR is the detection of plasma induced damage, which can be achieved by applying a revealing stress to MOSFETs with antenna. The design challenges of the structures and the test method as well as the data assessment are described in detail. An important section deals with fWLR for interconnects. In this section the appropriate test structures (including thermal simulations) are illustrated and fast electromigration stresses are discussed and the details of standard wafer level electromigration accelerated test (SWEAT) are included. For contacts and vias a simple method to check reliability is presented. Finally the monitoring of device reliability is treated. It is shown that using indirect parameters that correlate well to standard parameters such as the drain current can be beneficial for fWLR. For both, the interconnects and the devices, it is essential to have locally heated test structures in order to keep the stress time low. The detection and verification of mobile ions can also be performed with such a self-heated structure. For the described methods examples are given to illustrate the usefulness.     

Calculated risk: a framework for evaluating product development

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基于平台的产品开发战略

在2017年9月5日深圳举行的"'名家芯思维'之2017年物联网核心技术和应用国际研讨会"上,周立功先生做了题为"平台即服务"的讲演.     

A composite model of product development effectiveness: application to services

This paper explores the extent to which an enlarged, generic version of a "composite" model of concurrent product development previously tested for goods industries also applies to services. The model is comprised of four types of building blocks commonly used in theories of organization design. The operating core of the model includes a troika of practice sets dealing with the organization of cross-functional teams, discipline by structured development processes, and the use of enabling tools/technologies. Concurrent strategy focuses core operations on fast, reiterative cycles of product development. The model postulates that synergy among its constructs have an impact on product development effectiveness. This postulate is tested by multiple regression analysis of 62 large service enterprises in the New York area. All four components of the model had main effects on performance measured as time compression and cost reduction in product development, signature indicators of the effectiveness of concurrent methods of product development. Interaction effects were observed among the constructs of strategy, organization, and process, which suggest synergies. However, tools/technologies lacked significant interactions. With this exception, the results for services parallel those of other studies of goods industries. These findings suggest that concurrent methods of product development are robust, as well as reliable. A generic model of product development is important for managing innovation because goods and services are increasingly commingled in many enterprises and sold as a bundle. Thus, the four building blocks of the model are important for managers to consider deploying in synergistic ways to speed time to market and achieve cost efficiencies.     

TN型产品画面切换潮汐现象的分析与改善

TN型LCD产品在由L255向L0切换瞬间经常出现一种潮汐现象。该现象表现为像素边缘液晶响应延迟,有短暂的局部漏光,对品质影响较大。为改善该不良进行了研究。首先,根据不良表现出来的规律性,明确了只有摩擦弱区并不能导致不良;接着,通过大量的实测数据及电学实验分析证明了侧向电场增大到一定程度后才能使不良发生。分析表明,不良是摩擦弱区和侧向电场共同作用的结果,通过优化像素电极和数据线与摩擦弱区的位置关系,不良由2.7%下降到0.3%左右。     

人工智能技术研发实践与产品规划战略思考

人工智能技术在各个行业的应用均体现出爆发趋势,但是AI技术的性能局限同时约束着相关产品的应用场景。在感知方面,识别算法的准确率无法达到100%,召回率更低;在认知方面,知识难以100%覆盖业务场景,因此如何开展商业化应用就需要精心规划。本文首先介绍几项AI产品研发应用,并总结相关的经验和问题。在此基础上,按照面向任务关键应用(MCA)和非任务关键应用(NMCA)2个维度,针对4个应用类型(决策支持与增强、智能代理、决策自动化、智慧产品),围绕3类商业价值和2类应用假设,分析AI类应用产品的战略规划决策要素,为AI应用领域决策者提供帮助。     

A simulation-based optimization framework for product development cycle time reduction

By the mid-1990s, the importance of early introduction of new products to both market share and profitability became fully understood. Thus, reducing product time-to-market became an essential requirement for continuous competition. Since product development projects (PDPs) are based on information content and their accompanying information-dominated methods, an efficient methodology for reducing PDP time initially requires developing an understanding of the information flow among different project processes. One tool that helps achieving this understanding is the design structure matrix (DSM). Because much of the time involved in a complex PDP is attributable to its expensive iterative nature, resequencing project activities for efficient execution become the next requirement. This paper presents a simulation-based optimization framework that determines the optimal sequence of activities execution within a PDP that minimizes project total iterative time given stochastic activity durations. A mathematical model representing the problem is built as an MS Excel module and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is used to interface this module with a metaheuristic optimization algorithm called Simulated Annealing and commercial risk analysis software "Crystal Ball" to solve the model.     

H.264将加快EVD的产业化进程

在青岛举办的国际消费电子展上,EVD技术提供商北京阜国数字技术有限公司与意法半导体公司（ST）签订合作意向书,就下一代基于H．264技术的EVD平台的开发达成合作。     

联通新产品的开发与推广

通过介绍联通两个通信产品开发推广的案例,分析其失败原因,并深入探讨解决的办法,最终提出建立新产品开发推广体系.     

一款485通讯隔离产品的EMC设计与改善

电子、电气产品的设计,必须保证在一定的电磁环境中能正常工作,既满足标准规定的抗干扰极限值要求。在受到一定的电磁干扰时,无性能降级或故障;又要满足标准规定的电磁辐射极限值的要求,对电磁环境不构成污染。所以,产品设计之初,就要从分析产品预期的电磁环境、干扰源、耦合途径和敏感部件入手,采用相应的技术措施．抑制干扰源、切断或削弱耦合途径,增强敏感部件的抗干扰能力等。文中详细介绍了一款485通讯隔离产品从辐射超标到顺利通过FCCCLASSB认证,在原理设计、PCB制板等多方面所做的各项改进措施。文中所提到的方法及规则．对产品EMC设计具有很大的参考及指导意义。     

Managing communication in global product development teams

Global new product development teams (GNPDTs) are becoming more and more prevalent due to the growing need for companies to compete in a global economy. Managing communication in global NPD teams effectively requires sensitivity to the uniqueness of global NPD, the capabilities of multiple types of communication mechanisms and an understanding of which of these mechanisms best meets a team's need for information. Unfortunately, understanding of these communication mechanisms, their impact and their capabilities is very limited. The research presented in this paper is an exploratory investigation into the management of communication in GNPDTs. The results of the authors' analysis revealed that differences in country culture, country of origin and geographic dispersion had an impact on the need for communicating information quickly (speed), communicating rich information and communicating different volumes of information. They found that these differences affected communication indirectly as a consequence of six factors: (1) the approach used to solve problems; (2) the means used to communicate with leaders; (3) decision-making practices; (4) different languages spoken by team members; (5) the technological capability of the member's country of origin; and (6) extreme geographical dispersion. They also found that only two of the information mechanisms which they studied were associated with performance-the use of phone calls and videoconferencing. Contrary to what might have been expected, videoconferencing was found to be negatively related to performance. The implications of this investigation for researchers and managers are discussed