单级时效对7050铝合金力学性能及晶间腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度测试、恒温浸泡方法、金相和透射电镜技术研究不同温度不同时间的单级时效处理对7050铝合金的力学性能和晶间腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:当时效温度由120℃升高至180℃时,合金时效硬化响应速度明显加快,合金进入过时效状态所需的时间缩短.合金在120℃峰时效时,随时效时间的延长,析出相的粗化、晶界的宽化和无沉淀析出带出现缓慢,合金的硬度能长时间维持在较高水平.合金的晶间腐蚀敏感性与晶界析出相和无沉淀析出带(PFZ)的特征有关;晶界析出相呈链状分布时合金的腐蚀敏感性强,晶界析出相大,分布不连续,PFZ的宽化,则合金的腐蚀敏感性低.     

高温长期时效对改型低膨胀Thermo-Span合金热稳定性和性能的影响

研究了高温时效对标准和改型Thermo-Span合金组织和持久性能的影响,在650℃时效1000 h,标准合金的晶内与晶界Laves析出相均发生了粗化,而改型合金的析出相形貌没有改变,当时效温度增高到680℃时,标准合金在时效500 h时,合金的析出相已经发生了严重的粗化,Laves相的形态由圆粒状变成条状,而改型合金的析出相没有变化,当时效到1000 h后,标准合金析出相已经完全粗化,析出相几乎布满了整个晶内,而改型合金晶界只有少量析出相开始发生粗化,经650℃时效1000 h后,改型合金具有较好的组织热稳定性,合金650℃/600 MPa的持久性能比标准合金高109 h。     

时效工艺对7150铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用力学性能试验、硬度测试、光学显微镜、透射电镜等研究了7150铝合金分别经120℃初级时效和160℃二级时效处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:在120℃初级时效4 h后,合金具有明显的强化效应,强度达到620 MPa,硬度达到193 HV1,随后趋于稳定。时效时间延长至24 h,强度略有降低,硬度增加不大,合金晶内的析出相细小且弥散,晶界析出相连续分布。160℃二级时效12 h后,强化效果更优,强度达到670 MPa,硬度达到209 HV1,晶界析出相呈断续状分布;当二级时效时间延长至24 h,晶内及晶界处的析出相均长大,强度略微降低。     

时效制度对6156铝合金力学性能及腐蚀性能的影响

通过常规拉伸、慢应变速率拉伸和晶间腐蚀实验研究了T6及双级时效处理对6156铝合金力学性能与腐蚀性能的影响,并采用透射电镜(TEM)观察了析出相特征。结果表明:6156合金在T6欠时效状态下晶内析出相主要为GP区,晶界无明显析出相;T6峰时效晶内析出相主要为β″相,出现少量的Q′相,晶界析出物呈连续分布,合金虽然具有最高强度,但晶间腐蚀严重,应力腐蚀敏感性最大;随时效时间延长,Q′相增多并逐渐粗化,晶界析出物粗大非连续分布;T78时效态晶内析出大量的Q′相,晶界析出相球化且析出相之间的间距增大,呈断续分布,无沉淀析出带(PFZ)变宽,因此相比T6态而言T78状态合金强度损失不大而耐蚀性得到明显提高。     

双级时效对7050铝合金锻件组织与性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、能谱分析、常温拉伸和导电率等检测方法,试验研究双级时效中第二级时效时间对7050铝合金航空锻件析出相状态和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着第二级时效时间的延长,晶内和晶界析出相逐渐粗化且晶界析出相间距变大,晶界无析出带更加明显,合金强度急剧降低,电导率逐渐升高.当双极时效工艺为121℃6 h+177℃5 h...     

固溶时效Mg-4Y-3Nd合金析出相与基体的微观结构

用XRD衍射和透射高分辨HTEM方法分析Mg-4Y-3Nd合金在固溶处理525℃×8 h、时效温度250℃、时效时间16 h状态下的显微组织、析出相的点阵结构和基体点阵常数变化。结果表明:经过固溶时效的Mg-4Y-3Nd合金的显微组织由α-Mg固溶体、析出相Mg24Y5、Mg41Nd5和Mg14Nd2Y组成。析出相在晶内和晶界同时析出,晶内析出相形状为块状或短杆状,呈弥散分布,晶界上析出相呈三角形为链状分布,时效析出相Mg14Nd2Y与基体为半共格界面位相关系。随着析出相的生成,基体的点阵常数变大,同一晶面的衍射角(2θ)减小,晶面间距增大。     

时效工艺对7A85铝合金力学和晶间腐蚀性能的影响

采用拉伸试验、晶间腐蚀实验、透射电镜观察等方法,研究时效工艺对7A85铝合金显微组织、力学性能和晶间腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:7A85铝合金的T6态晶内分布着大量细小而弥散的GP区和少量η′相,晶界上析出相(η相)连续分布,无明显的无沉淀析出带(PFZ);T73态晶内析出相尺寸和间距都变大,晶界析出相长大粗化、呈不连续分布,PFZ带宽化,具有良好的抗晶间腐蚀性能,但强度略低;回归再时效处理后的7A85铝合金具有与T6态相似的晶内组织和与T73态相似的晶界组织,合金的抗拉强度及电导率分别为731.7MPa和36.5%(IACS),即合金同时具有较好的强度和抗腐蚀性能。合金的晶间腐蚀敏感性与晶界析出相和无沉淀析出带有关,晶界析出相尺寸越大,分布越不连续,PFZ越宽,合金腐蚀敏感性越小。     

铝锂合金晶间腐蚀敏感性与时效阶段的相关性

研究了不含Zn及0.72%Zn微合金化的Al-3.7Cu-1.15Li-0.5Mg合金T6态时效(150及175℃)不同时间后的晶间腐蚀行为,建立了其腐蚀-时效进程状态图。结果表明,Zn微合金化铝锂合金晶间腐蚀敏感性略低于不含Zn微合金化的铝锂合金。随时效进程的发展,铝锂合金腐蚀类型变化规律为:孔蚀或局部晶间腐蚀(时效早期),全面晶间腐蚀(欠时效阶段),局部晶间腐蚀(近峰时效阶段),孔蚀(过时效阶段)。晶间腐蚀深度随时效时间延长呈先增加而后降低的规律。时效时间延长,一方面晶界析出相逐渐粗化并且呈不连续分布,另一方面晶内T1相及θ相析出,晶内电位降低,晶界及晶内电位差减小,从而导致上述腐蚀类型的变化。     

回归再时效对高锌7000系铝合金微观组织和性能的影响

采用拉伸实验、硬度测试、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)﹑扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究了回归及回归再时效处理对喷射沉积高Zn(质量分数为12%)7000系铝合金的微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,该合金经峰值时效处理(120℃×14 h)后,晶内主要强化相为GPⅡ区,晶界析出相呈连续分布;经回归处理(180℃×0.5 h)后,晶内主要强化相为较小的η'相,晶界析出相明显粗化;采用回归再时效处理(120℃×14 h+180℃×0.5 h+120℃×14 h)后,晶内析出物为亚稳定的η'相和稳定的η相,晶界析出相为不连续分布的η相;对η相高分辨像进行解卷处理,利用jems软件构建η相晶胞并模拟其高分辨像,最终确定η相各原子所在的位置。回归时效实验合金的抗拉强度达到890 MPa,伸长率为9.2%,断口为沿晶和穿晶混合断裂。     

Zn元素及时效工艺对2056铝合金局部腐蚀行为的影响

通过晶间腐蚀(IGC)、剥落腐蚀(EXCO)实验及透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析,研究Zn元素及时效工艺对2056铝合金抗晶间腐蚀性能和抗剥落腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:2056铝合金在T6(175℃)时效态下,随着时效时间的延长,其晶间腐蚀与剥落腐蚀敏感性逐渐降低;在T8(155℃)峰时效态和T3(室温)时效态下,合金的抗晶间腐蚀及抗剥落腐蚀性能均有所提高,且在T3态下2056铝合金的抗腐蚀性能最好;在T6峰时效态下,不添加Zn的2056铝合金比添加Zn的2056合金的抗腐蚀性能差。合金发生局部腐蚀与晶界及其附近区域的特征紧密相关,当晶界析出相(S(S′)相)呈链状分布且晶界无沉淀析出带(PFZ)较宽时,合金晶间及剥落腐蚀敏感性大;晶界析出相尺寸越大,分布越不连续,PFZ越窄,合金晶间及剥落腐蚀敏感性越小;当晶界无析出相和PFZ时,合金晶间及剥落腐蚀敏感性最小。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.