WCDMA软切换中的下行功率控制方案

发射功率控制是CDMA系统的关键技术之一。在WCDMA的软切换中，传统下行链路功率控制方案的实现主要存在两个问题：基站发射功率的失衡和下行链路干扰的增大。为解决上述问题，本介绍三种新的下行功率控制方案：降低TPC频率功率控制、调整环功率控制和站选择分集发射功率控制。其中前两种方案用于恢复软切换中基站发射功率的平衡，而最后一种方案用于减小下行链路干扰。研究表明，利用上述方案能够有效减小软切换中基站发射功率的差异或下行链路干扰，从而提高了系统容量。     

CDMA蜂窝系统中基于模糊神经网络的反向链路功率控制

CDMA是一个干扰受限系统,反向链路功率控制对于克服“远近效应”和增加系统容量是非常重要的.本文提出了一种基于模糊神经网络(FNN)的自适应闭环功率控制算法,该算法动态地调整功率控制增量,使基站接收到的每个用户的发射功率相等.仿真结果表明,由于模糊神经网络能够较好地识别反向链路的时变特性,FNN功率控制算法比传统的固定步长功率控制方法取得了更好的控制性能和更大的系统容量.而且,FNN能够通过神经网络训练自动地调整隶属度函数和模糊规则,从而适合于实现在线系统识别和自适应控制.     

Comparison of Downlink Power Allocation Mechanisms in Soft Handoff for the WCDMA System with Heterogeneous Cell Structures

Handoff in heterogeneous cellular networks is one of the hot topics for wireless networks beyond the third generation. We observe that a power exhausting issue may occur in a code division multiple access (CDMA) system with mixed-sized cells. During soft handoff in the downlink transmission, a number of base stations transmit signals to a user simultaneously. Usually, a microcell has a more stringent limitation on the total available power than a macrocell. Thus, ignoring the impact of various cell sizes, the traditional downlink power allocation techniques for soft handoff may easily consume excessive power to serve soft handoff users, while leaving insufficient power for serving other regular users.To resolve such an power exhausting issue in CDMA systems, we investigate different downlink power allocation techniques used in soft handoff subject to the impact of mixed-sized cells. For the single-site power allocation technique we consider the site selection diversity transmission (SSDT) technique, while for the multi-site power allocation we study the link proportional power allocation (LPPA), the quality balancing power allocation (QBPA), and the equal power allocation (EPA) techniques. We find that the multi-site LPPA technique can more efficiently allocate power to both handoff and non-handoff users than others. In an example with the ratio of the micrcocell radius/macrocell radius equal to 1/3, it is demonstrated that LPPA can improve the capacity over EPA, QBPA, and SSDT by 125, 30, and 5%, respectively. By taking account of measurement errors in the same case, the capacity improvements of LPPA over EPA, QBPA, and SSDT become 180, 41, and 23%, respectively.This work was supported jointly by the Lee and MTI Center for networking research, and the National Science Council, Taiwan under the contracts 90-2213-E-009-068 91-2219-E-009-016, and EX-91-E-FA06-4-4. Part of results in this paper were presented at the IEEE Globecom, Nov. 2002, and the Sixth ACM International Workshop on Modelling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, (MSWiM’03), Sep. 2003.Ching-Yu Liao received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Huafan Institute of Technology and National Central University (NCU), Taiwan, in 1995 and 1997, respectively. She is currently working toward the Ph.D degree in communication engineering at National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), Hsinchu, Taiwan. Also, she joins the program of Graduate Student Study Abroad (GSSA), which is sponsored by National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C., being a visiting graduate student in Dept. of Electrical Engineering at University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, in 2004. Her research interests include handoff techniques, radio resource management, heterogeneous cellular networks, etc.Li-Chun Wang received the B.S. degree from National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, in 1986, the M.S. degree from National Taiwan University in 1988, and the Ms. Sci. and Ph. D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, in 1995, and 1996, respectively. From 1990 to 1992, he was with the Telecommunications Laboratories of the Ministry of Transportations and Communications in Taiwan (currently the Telecom Labs of Chunghwa Telecom Co.). In 1995, he was affiliated with Bell Northern Research of Northern Telecom, Inc., Richardson, TX. From 1996 to 2000, he was with AT&T Laboratories, New Jersey, USA, where he was a Senior Technical Staff Member in the Wireless Communications Research Department. Since August 2000, he has been an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Engineering of National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan. His current research interests are in the areas of cellular architectures, radio network resource management, and cross-layer optimization for high speed wireless networks. Dr. Wang was a co-recipient of the Jack Neubauer Memorial Award in 1997 recognizing the best systems paper published in the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. He is holding three US patents and one more pending. Currently, he is the associate editor of the IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.Chung-Ju Chang was born in Taiwan, R.O.C., in August 1950. He received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in electronics engineering from National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 1972 and 1976, respectively, and the Ph.D degree in electrical engineering from National Taiwan University (NTU), Taiwan, in 1985. From 1976 to 1988, he was with Telecommunication Laboratories, Directorate General of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, Taiwan, as a Design Engineer, Supervisor, Project Manager, and then Division Director. There, he was involved in designing digital switching system, RAX trunk tester, ISDN user-network interface, and ISDN service and technology trials in Science-Based Industrial Park. In the meantime, he also acted as a Science and Technical Advisor for the Minister of the Ministry of Communications from 1987 to 1989. In 1988, he joined the Faculty of the Department of Communication Engineering and Center for Telecommunications Research, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, as an Associate Professor. He has been a Professor since 1993. He was Director of the Institute of Communication Engineering from August 1993 to July 1995 and Chairman of Department of Communication Engineering from August 1999 to July 2001. Now, he is the Dean of the Research and Development Office in NCTU. He was an Advisor for the Ministry of Education to promote the education of communication science and technologies for colleges and universities in Taiwan since 1995. He is also acting as a Committee Member of the Telecommunication Deliberate Body. His research interests include performance evaluation, wireless communication networks, and broadband networks. Dr. Chang is a member of the Chinese Institute of Engineers (CIE).E-mail:cjchang@cc.nctu.edu.tw     

Performance of Channel Carrying for Handoff in a DCA Cellular Network

Channel carrying allows a mobile station to continue the use of its currently occupied channel when it hands off to a new cell. Since in a dynamic channel assignment (DCA) system, generally, any channel can be usedby any cell, channel carrying can be more easily implemented than in a fixed channel assignment (FCA) system which supports channel carrying through borrowing channels or extending channel reuse distance. Therefore, this paperinvestigates different channel carrying strategies maybe used in the distributed timid DCA scheme with the seamless handoff policy (DCA-DT/SLH), namely, channel carrying first (CCF) and channel carrying last (CCL). This study shows that (1) CCL generally outperforms CCF; (2) in DCA-DT/SLH without channel carrying,handoff calls may suffer higher dropping probabilities than new calls if no priority is given to handoff calls while channel carrying can easily avoidsuch undesirable situation; and (3) channel carrying in DCA-DT/SLH is comparableand even better than the guard channel (GC) in FCA and can also slightly improvethe performance of GC in DCA-DT/SLH.     

扩频码速率异步时直扩系统码分多址能力

直接序列扩频码分多址系统是目前应用最广泛的扩频系统,影响系统容量的主要因素是系统内多址信号的干扰。分析了采用Gold码的码速率异步直扩系统多址干扰,对扩展积分周期和单一积分周期均进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,码速率异步的Gold序列互相关函数不再具有三值特性;随着积分长度的扩展,互相关函数的统计值逐渐递减,即多址干扰减小;多址干扰与码偏移量大小有关,在某些特定码偏移量,积分长度为最小公倍数周期时,互相关函数接近为单值,而这些码偏移量正负对称出现;积分长度为单一周期时,多址干扰随码偏移量的变化趋势与扩频码长度无关;在相同码偏移量的情况下,随着扩频码的长度增加而减小。     

关于CDMA蜂窝系统中功率控制的分析

本文就ＣＤＭＡ蜂窝系统中的功率控制问题进行了讨论,其中包括功率控制误差的考虑以及功率控制源的选择,在以往的分析中,常常只考虑基于距离的功率,选择,本文引入了对实际环境下基于导频功率的选择考虑,给出了两种方法的比较,数值计算结果显示后者在系统容量上有一定的改善。     

CDMA蜂窝网中功率控制对系统容量的影响

ＣＤＭＡ蜂窝网中存在远近效应，必须引入功率控制。功率控制对系统容量有极大的关系。本针着重功率控制精度以系统容量的影响，提出功率控制的高斯误差颁假设，并得到系统容量随功率控制变化的规律及可参考的计算方法。     

Convergence Rate Evaluation of a DS-CDMA System with Centralized Power Control By Genetic Algorithm

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Impact of Imperfect Power Control and Channel Estimation on the Performance of Multiuser Detectors in Synchronous DS-CDMA System

Simulation performance comparison of various linear multiuser and parallel interference cancellation (PIC) detectors in the presence of imperfect power control and channel estimation is presented. Results show that imperfect power control degrades even the performance of a single-user detector. Therefore, tight power control is highly indispensable for suboptimal detectors to maintain a good performance. When power control is not perfect, interference cancellation detectors can outperform linear multiuser detectors. Among cancellation detectors, the conventional [1] and partial PIC [2] detectors are fairly sensitive to channel estimation error, while the LMS PIC [3] is quite robust in this regard.     

Optimization and Performance Analysis of Zero Forcing Decision Feedback Detector for MIMO Block-Fading Channels with Per-Antenna Power Control

In multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems, the zero forcing decision feedback detector (ZF-DFD) is used to recover transmit signals. In this paper, we propose a per-antenna power control (PAPC) scheme based on ZF-DFD for MIMO block-fading channels. The optimal power controlled ZF-DFD can minimize the block error rate (BLER) and maximize the lower bound of the channel’s free distance at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region subject to a power constraint. Additionally, the optimal power controlled ZF-DFD can achieve this BLER performance without any ordering operation at the receiver. The performance analysis among the conventional ZF-DFD without feedback, the optimal power controlled ZF-DFD with power feedback, and the ZF-DFD with full channel state information feedback shows that the optimal ZF-DFD achieves a tradeoff between performance and feedback overhead. We compare the bit error rate (BER) and BLER performance of the optimal ZF-DFD with other detectors without power feedback by simulation. In simulations, the execution times required by these detectors are also reported to compare their complexity. It comes straight that the optimal power controlled ZF-DFD proposed in this paper can achieve good performance with small feedback overhead and have low complexity. Kun Zhao was born in Hefei, China, on 9 October 1979. He received his BS and MS degrees from University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), in 2001 and 2003, all in Electrical Engineering. He is now a Ph.D. candidate at USTC.His research interests are in the area of spread spectrum and CDMA communications, radio resource management in mobile communications, space-time signal processing and multiuser MIMO. Ling Qiu received her BS degree from Southeast University, P. R. China, in 1990. She also received MS and Ph.D. degrees from University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), in 1997 and 1999, all in Electrical Engineering.From 1990 to 1994, she was an engineer in the Institute of Nanjing Electronic Technology. In 1999, she joined the Department of Electronic and Engineering and Information Science, USTC as a lecturer. Since 2002, she has been an Associate Professor. She is a coauthor of two books and over 40 conference/journal papers. Her research interests are in the area of wireless communications, spread spectrum and CDMA communications, wireless access networks and protocols, radio resource management in mobile communications, space-time signal processing and multiuser MIMO. Jinkang Zhu is a professor of Department of Electronic Engineering & Information Science of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Now he is director of Personal Communication Network and Spread Spectrum Lab. of USTC, Chair of the Academic Committee of School of Information Science & Technology of USTC, Vice-Chiar of the Academic Committee of USTC.He was Permanent V-President of School of Information Science & Technology of USTC, Chairman of PCN Experts Group of Communication Project of National R & D on High-Technology Programme of China, Member of Information Technology Expert Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Member (Representation of China Mainland) of Technical Forum on Wireless Communications of Asia Pacific Region, Member of Technical Advisory Committee of IEEE VTC'99 Fall, Member of Technical Program Committee of IEEE VTC'2000, Member of Technical Program Committee of SCI'2001.His research area is Wireless and Mobile Communications, CDMA and Spread Spectrum Communications, Signal Process of Communications, and Wireless Networks. He got two awards of Ministry of Science & Technology of China, three awards of Chinese Academy of Science. He published five books and 100 papers, where synchronous CDMA method proposed is used in TD-SCDMA Standard of 3G as basic technology.     

中继辅助蜂窝系统中降低盲区呼叫中断率的性能分析

该文介绍了一种盲区环境下在传统蜂窝系统加入中继功能的系统结构,并且描述了在这种环境下系统的解析模型。然后在这个模型的基础上,通过数学解析得到这种中继辅助蜂窝系统的呼叫中断概率。最后通过数值分析和性能比较证明了在盲区环境中,与无中继辅助的传统蜂窝系统相比较,中继辅助蜂窝系统可以获得更低的呼叫中断率。并且分析了节点移动速度、呼叫平均服务时间和节点覆盖半径等系统参数对这两种不同蜂窝系统性能的影响。     

相移布喇格光栅滤波器的分析及其串扰对FDM－FSK光纤传输系统复用路数的影响

提出并分析了一种新型的布喇格光栅滤波器，用模式耦合方程分析了滤波器的传输特性，计算了通带宽度、自由谱宽和精细度。并把它用在以频移键控（ＦＳＫ）方式调制的频分复用系统中，得到了比较理想的结果。     

Performance Analysis of MT-CDMA System with Antenna Array in a Multipath Fading Channel

In this paper, we propose a multitone code-division multiple-access (MT-CDMA) system employing antenna array at base station with quaternary phase shift keying modulation (QPSK) modulation. Based on the detailed analysis of interference characteristics the BER performance of the proposed MT-CDMA system is provided. With regard to spatial domain combining, the optimum and suboptimum combining weight is derived while the suboptimum set of weights is simplified on sense of that only the knowledge of array vector of desired user alone is sufficient for the optimum combining. Simulation results verify the analysis and show that better performance is achieved for the proposed antenna array system than single antenna MT-CDMA approach.