氮强化高锰奥氏体不锈钢的应变硬化行为

研究了２２Ｍｎ－１３Ｃｒ－５Ｎｉ－０．２５Ｎ钢的应变硬化行为。结果表明：变形初期，形变孪晶的形成降低应变硬化指数；随应变增加，先形成的形变孪晶阻碍位错运动的阻碍其它「１１１」γ形变孪晶形成，从而提高应变硬化指数，应变硬化指数ｎ与真应变量ε的关系为ｎ＝α．ε＋ｂ。     

固溶处理温度对氮强化高锰奥氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

研究了固溶处理温度对２２Ｍｎ－１３Ｃｒ－５Ｎｉ－０．２５Ｎ奥氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明，随固溶处理温度提高，奥氏体晶粒尺寸增大，强度降低，延伸率和断面收缩率变化不大。在拉伸变形过程中沿，面产生形变孪晶，先形成的形变孪晶阻碍位错运动，使强度进一步增加。     

TWIP钢中晶粒尺寸对TWIP效应的影响

冷轧TWIP钢经1073,1173,1273和1373K固溶处理10min后,得到了晶粒尺寸分别为7,13,30和63μm的奥氏体组织.拉伸实验表明,随着晶粒尺寸的增加,加工硬化速率(dσ/dε)与真应变(ε)的变化关系由2阶段变为3阶段.当晶粒尺寸大于30μm时,加工硬化速率与真应变关系中的第2阶段对应的应变长度随着晶粒尺寸的增加而迅速增加.当真应变为0—0.2时,加工硬化指数随真应变的增加而迅速增加;在随后的变形中,与上述4个晶粒尺寸对应的试样的加工硬化指数分别稳定在0.47,0.53,0.56和0.68.OM和TEM观察显示,随晶粒尺寸的增大,变形过程中形变孪晶数量增多.对于较大晶粒尺寸的试样,形变孪晶在拉伸变形过程中形核的临界应力较低,随变形量增加,形变孪晶可持续形成,使其加工硬化能力增加,从而增大了TWIP效应;相反,晶粒尺寸减小使变形过程中的形变孪晶形核临界应力增大,抑制形变孪晶的产生,从而减小了TWIP效应.     

晶粒尺寸对22Mn-13Cr-5Ni-0.25N奥氏体钢变形及断裂行为的影响

用力学性能测试、Ｘ射线衍射、透射电镜及光学显微镜观察等方法，研究了晶粒尺寸对２２Ｍｎ－１３Ｃｒ－５Ｎｉ－０．２５Ｎ奥氏体不锈尖变硬化率和断裂行为的影响。结果表明，晶粒尺寸对应变经率及断裂行为有显著的影响；孪晶界阻碍位借运动导致高的加工硬化率；断口由较大的刻面及大小韧窝组成，大刻面的数量随晶粒尺寸的增大而增加。     

晶粒尺寸对Fe-20Mn-3Cu-1.3C合金钢加工硬化行为的影响

Fe-20Mn-3Cu-1.3C钢经热轧,冷轧后分别在950、970和1050℃下保温10 min进行再结晶处理,得到平均晶粒尺寸为18.12、24.56和47.00 μm的试样.硬度测试表明,随着晶粒尺寸的增大,合金拉伸变形前的显微维氏硬度而逐渐减小,而合金拉伸变形前后的硬度变化量逐渐增大.拉伸测试表明,在低应变阶段,TWIP钢应变硬化速率随真应变的增加而明显增加,而其增幅未随晶粒尺寸的增大发生明显变化;随着应变的增加,其应变硬化指数增加的幅度随晶粒尺寸的增大而增大.在低应变阶段,位错强化起主要作用;而高应变阶段,孪晶硬化起主要作用.     

Fe—Mn—Si—Cr—Ni记忆合金形变组织的TEM研究

本文利用Ｘ射线衍射及透射电镜分析研究了元素Ｃｒ，Ｎｉ对Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金ｃ／α值及形变诱发ε马氏体显微组织的影响，结果表明，添加Ｃｒ，Ｎｉ后，合金的ｃ／α值由１．６２０提高至１．６５６，其结果使合金中的ｆｃｃ形变孪晶易形成；通过在孪晶内形成ε马氏体，可避免不同取向马氏体之间的穿的越过程。骨利于合金的记忆效应。     

轧制变形对Mn13组织及性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和HD-187．5型硬度计对高锰钢在不同轧制应力条件下的组织和性能进行了分析和研究。结果表明：随形变量的增大，位错密度增加，组织中孪晶的数量明显增加，晶粒细化。高锰钢的硬度随着形变量的增加而增大。说明大量的孪晶变形、孪晶和位错之间的交互作用是高锰钢产生应变硬化的主要原因。     

低碳钢奥氏体晶粒控制对应变强化相变的影响

研究了在温度过冷条件下,名义变形为５０％（应变为－０．６９）,应变速率为１ｓ＾－１,形变温度为８００－７４０℃时,低碳钢相变前奥氏体晶粒尺寸（平均直径为４４－７μｍ）对应变强化相变铁素体转变量及铁素体晶料大小的影响,形变前奥氏体晶粒小的铁素体转变量增加,相变完成后细小铁素体晶粒分布较均匀;形变前奥氏体晶粒粗大时,形变后铁素体转变不完全,铁素体晶粒粗大且不均匀,这种影响的显著程度随形变温度的降低而家     

应变和应变速率对Fe-24Mn-0.5C TWIP钢亚结构的影响

采用图象分析软件分析研究了Fe-24Mn-0.5C TWIP钢在拉伸过程中孪晶数量随真应变的变化规律。结果表明:试验钢在拉伸过程中随着真应变的增加,孪晶数量明显增加,到真应变为3.7×10-1时,几乎整个奥氏体晶粒内都充斥着形变孪晶。另外研究表明,孪晶产生的门槛应变值εc与应变速率.ε有关,应变速率越小,孪晶产生门槛值εc越小。     

Fe－Mn－Si－Cr－Ni记忆合金形变组织的TEM研究

本文利用Ｘ射线衍射及透射电镜分析研究了元素Ｃｒ，Ｎｉ对Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金ｃ／ａ值及形变诱发ε马氏体显微组织的影响．结果表明：添加Ｃｒ，Ｎｉ后．合金的ｃ／ａ值由１．６２０提高至１．６５６，其结果使合金中的ｆｃｃ形变孪晶易形成：通过在孪晶内形成ε马氏体，可避免不同取向马氏体之间的穿越过程，从而有利于合金的记忆效应．     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.