纳米WC增强Ni基合金喷熔层组织结构与抗磨粒磨损特性

目的研究纳米WC对Ni基合金喷熔层抗磨粒磨损性能的影响。方法采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析了氧乙炔火焰喷熔Ni基合金层和两种不同结构WC增强Ni基合金喷熔层的微观组织和相结构,并通过磨粒磨损试验平台对三种涂层进行磨损性能测试。结果纳米WC粉末的加入,能有效提高喷熔层的宏观硬度。通过组织分析得出纳米WC增强Ni基喷熔层中除含有γ-(Ni,Cr)固溶体、Cr的碳化物、硼化物以及微米级WC颗粒之外,还含有一定量的纳米WC团聚体和少量高硬度的W_2C相。磨粒磨损实验结果显示,纳米WC增强Ni基喷熔层的磨损失重分别为Ni60和NiWC35涂层失重的56%和73%。对比磨损后涂层的表面微观形貌可知,纳米WC颗粒在涂层中能有效降低磨粒压入喷熔层的深度,从而控制磨粒对喷熔层的犁削量。结论纳米WC增强Ni基合金喷熔层中含有的γ-(Cr,Ni)固溶体、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_7C_3、Cr_3Ni_2及未熔化的WC颗粒和WC脱碳形成的W_2C等硬质相,使镍基自熔合金涂层的硬度有较大提高,同时也大大提高了涂层的抗磨粒磨损性能。     

铸造碳化钨添加量对镍基复合喷熔涂层性能的影响

在镍基合金粉末NiCrBSi中添加不同比例的铸造碳化钨(WC),并采用氧乙炔火焰喷熔工艺在低碳钢表面制备了相应的Ni基WC复合涂层.采用金相显微镜观察了涂层的显微组织,采用湿砂橡胶轮式磨粒磨损试验机测试了涂层的抗磨粒磨损性能,并采用扫描电镜观察了喷熔粉末和喷熔层磨损后的形貌.结果表明:喷熔层的组织为在NiCr合金基体上弥散分布着不同粒度的碳(硼)化物硬质相;涂层的显微组织和WC的含量对Ni基WC喷熔层的硬度和抗磨损性能影响很大,涂层的硬度和抗磨损性能随WC添加量的增加先增加后减小;当WC的含量为35％时,Ni基体WC喷熔涂层的硬度最高,相应的抗磨粒磨损性能最好.     

Monel合金表面激光熔覆Ni基稀土合金空蚀性能

采用激光熔覆技术在Monel 400合金表面制备Ni基稀土合金熔覆层。利用SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度计及超声波金属材料空蚀仪等设备对熔覆层的组织形貌、相结构、硬度、空蚀性能及失效机制进行了系统研究。结果表明:Y_2O_3细化了熔覆层的组织,其组织主要由γ-Ni固溶体、Ni_3B和高硬度的Cr_(23)C_6和Cr_7C_3组成,熔覆层平均硬度可达9040MPa,抗空蚀性能是Monel400合金的8.7倍,熔覆层空蚀过程失效机制主要为枝晶干的冲蚀剥落,Ni基稀土合金熔覆层的细晶强化及空蚀过程中产生阻断晶界网状结构是提高其耐空蚀性能的关键。     

Ni对Co基合金喷焊层组织与性能的影响

借助光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和磨粒磨损试验机等设备,研究了Ni对Co基合金等离子喷焊层组织和性能的影响。结果表明:Co基合金喷焊层组织主要由γ-Co、CoC_x、C_4Ni_(15)W和Cr_(23)C_6相组成,组织粗大;Ni的添加并未改变喷焊层物相种类,但C_4Ni_(15)W和Cr_(23)C_6等硬质相增多,晶粒明显细化,同时喷焊层硬度和耐磨性得到提高。     

35CrMo钢表面激光熔覆Ni/WC-Y2O3熔覆层性能研究

研究对35CrMo钢表面激光熔覆Ni/WC-Y2O3合金,分析其工艺、熔覆层显微组织和综合性能,在Ni基合金中加入一定量WC硬质相、稀土氧化物Y2O3后,能对熔覆层组织的性能起到改善作用.分析试验数据表明:多种强化机制共同作用,使熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性能有显著提高;添加WC硬质相,熔覆层硬度变化不大,但耐磨性有很大程度提...     

WxC增强镍基合金等离子堆焊层组织与空蚀性能

采用等离子堆焊技术在316L不锈钢表面原位合成W_xC增强镍基复合材料涂层,对涂层显微组织、相组成、硬质增强相的分布、显微硬度以及空蚀性能进行了分析.结果表明,Colmonoy 88合金等离子堆焊成形性良好,组织致密;堆焊层组织主要由γ-Ni固溶体,原位合成多角形、颗粒状W_xC及少量的Cr₇C₃,Fe₃W₃C,CrB₂相组成.堆焊过程中,熔池温度低于1 655 K时,原位生成WC和W₂C,温度高于1 655 K时,原位生成的WC发生了分解.镍基合金堆焊层平均硬度可达1 619 HV,为基材的8倍以上,在3.5% NaCl溶液中镍基复合材料抗空蚀性能为316L不锈钢基材的5倍.     

Ni对铁基合金喷焊层组织与耐蚀性能的影响

借助光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和电化学工作站等设备,研究了Ni对铁基合金等离子喷焊层组织和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:铁基合金喷焊层主要由γ-(Fe,Ni)、Cr_7C_3和Cr_(23)C_6碳化物、Cr_2B等相组成;添加Ni,喷焊层物相种类并未发生改变,但奥氏体相增多,喷焊层底部晶粒细化,但显微硬度明显降低;同时,添加Ni后喷焊层的耐酸腐蚀性有一定提高。     

WC对铁基合金喷焊层组织及磨损性能的影响

采用等离子喷焊技术在Q235表面制备铁基合金喷焊层,借助X射线衍射分析、金相显微镜以及摩擦磨损实验,研究一定含量的WC对铁基合金喷焊层组织及磨损性能的影响。结果表明:铁基合金喷焊层主要由α-Fe,γ-Fe,(Fe,Cr)_7C_3和(Fe,Ni)固溶体等物相组成,加入WC后,出现了(Fe,Cr)_(23)C_6,WC,W_2C等新物相。未加入WC的喷焊层出现了疲劳剥落,数量较多、较深且平直的犁沟,表现为粘着磨损和磨料磨损;加入WC后疲劳剥落减弱,犁沟减少,表现为磨料磨损。喷焊层中硬质相的弥散强化作用提高了硬度和耐磨性。     

等离子弧喷焊镍基合金对喷焊层硬度的影响

以提高基体材料喷焊层的硬度及耐磨性为目的,使用等离子弧喷焊技术对基体材料(Q345C低合金钢)进行焊接,对于DG.Ni60B镍基合金粉末,选用100,150 A转移弧电流对其进行喷焊。而对于DG.Ni60WC25镍基合金粉末,则在100,150,170,200 A转移弧电流下进行喷焊。结果表明,当使用同一种镍基合金粉末喷焊时,喷焊层最大硬度值和耐磨性随转移弧电流增大而降低。在相同转移弧电流条件下,添加硬质复合材料(碳化钨,WC)镍基合金粉末DG.Ni60WC25焊层的硬度和耐磨性明显高于未添加硬质复合材料镍基合金粉末DG.Ni60B的焊层。试验得出:等离子弧喷焊时,随着转移弧电流的增大,会使喷焊层表面耐磨性减小。但在DG.Ni60B镍基合金粉末中加入硬质相WC之后,对其复合合金粉末进行喷焊,可使转移弧电流对焊层表面耐磨性的影响程度降低。同时,在喷焊层和基体材料结合界面之间出现较大的硬度值,甚至在界面处可获得硬度的最大值。     

等离子弧喷焊铜基合金的组织和耐磨性

采用等离子弧喷焊技术，在Q235钢表面制成熔敷低磷锡青铜和镍基合金混合粉末的喷焊层。利用金相、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对喷焊层和结合层的组织进行研究，同时测试了喷焊层的硬度和耐磨性。结果表明，喷焊层与基体是冶金结合，结合线清晰。熔敷合金稀释率低。喷焊材料为铜基合金DGCul50时，喷焊层含有α—Cu相，δ相，ε相和Cu3P。喷焊材料为铜基合金DGCul50 适量镍基合金DGNi50A时喷焊层主要含有α—Cu相，δ相，ε相，Cu3P，γ—Ni，Ni2B，CrB，(Fe，Ni)23C6，(Cu，Ni)23C6和Fe5Si2B2。随加入铜基合金粉末中的镍基合金粉末量的增加，喷焊层与基体之间的结合层加厚，喷焊层的硬度和耐磨性显著提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.