低氧压预氧化对Fe-3Al-6Cr合金表面显微组织和耐蚀性影响

在950℃,10~(-23)、10~(-16)和0.2 atm. 3种氧压下对Fe-3Al-6Cr合金进行了预氧化试验,时间为10 min～1200 min。并在5%Na Cl气氛中做了耐蚀性测试。结果表明:Fe-3Al-6Cr合金在950℃、10~(-23)atm.氧压下氧化得到的是(Al,Cr)_2O_3外氧化膜,在0.2 atm.氧压下获得的是Fe_2O_3与(Al,Cr)_2O_3的混合氧化层,研究结果完全符合Factsage软件的计算结果。在10~(-16)atm.氧压下,氧化10 min的外氧化物为Fe O,合金内层存在内氧化物Fe(Al,Cr)_2O_4与Fe Al化合物。随氧化时间的延长,外层氧化物变为Fe O+Fe(Al,Cr)_2O_4,内氧化物为Fe(Al,Cr)_2O_4+Al_2O_3。Factsage计算出了稳定后的表面氧化物种类,但没有计算出内氧化Al_2O_3。在盐雾腐蚀测试中,Fe-3Al-6Cr合金在950℃、10~(-23)atm.氧压中氧化30～60 min制备的(Al,Cr)_2O_3氧化膜具有最好的耐蚀性。     

单晶Ni—6.0Al—6.5Ta—8.5Mo—6.5Cr合金的高温氧化及其氧化物分布特征

对单晶Ni-6.0Al-6.5Ta-8.5Mo-6.5Cr合金高温氧化后的组织结构进行了SEM观察,并用EDAX和X射线衍射对其氧化物进行分析,研究了合金氧化物的分布特征及其对持久性能的影响。结果表明：在大气环境的服股条件下无保护涂层合金的表层、次表层发生明显的氧化、内氧化现象;在氧化初期形成以Al为主的氧化物,在近表层处形成以Cr,Al和Ta为主的氧化物,在次表层形成的大颗粒内氧化物为α-Al2O3,Mo不参与合金的内、外氧化,近内氧化物处出现贫Al区,致使区为γ强化相消失;有保护涂层的单晶合金高温氧化后,贫Al区尺寸减小,区内无大尺寸内氧化物,因此使合金的持久性能明显提高。     

含铝奥氏体耐热钢的高温氧化性能

以Fe-18Cr-30Ni为基础,添加不同含量的Al设计了4组新型奥氏体耐热钢。利用氧化质量增加法研究了4组新型奥氏体耐热钢在700、800和900 ℃下空气中的氧化行为,绘制了氧化动力学质量增加曲线,并利用XRD、SEM和EDS对氧化膜的表面形貌及结构进行了表征。结果表明,1～3号钢在900 ℃时均形成了较为致密的Al2O3内层氧化膜,合金表面生成的复合氧化膜由内到外依次为 Al2O3、(Al0.9Cr0.1)2O3、尖晶石氧化物Fe(Cr, Al)2O4;1号钢氧化过程中还形成了富（Cr, Fe）的混合氧化物,降低了Al2O3氧化膜的连续性;4号钢900 ℃并没有形成致密的Al2O3内层氧化膜,生成的复合氧化膜由内到外依次为 (Al0.9Cr0.1)2O3、尖晶石氧化物Fe(Cr, Al)2O4。     

高Cr镍基合金的高温内氧化和内氮化行为

通过对镍基合金进行不同温度的恒温氧化试验、横断面的组织形貌观察及微区成分分析,研究一种高Cr镍基合金在恒温氧化期间的氧化物分布特征、内氧化及内氮化行为。结果表明:该高Cr镍基合金在850、900、950和1 000℃空气中氧化100 h期间,合金表层发生元素的外氧化,且在外氧化膜中出现分层结构,由表及里各层中的主要氧化物分别为Al2O3、Cr2O3、NiCr2O4和NiAl2O4、Cr2O3、CrTaO4和Al2O3;合金在900℃以下为完全抗氧化级,900~1 000℃为抗氧化级。该合金在各温度的恒温氧化期间,均发生元素Al的内氧化和内氮化;与外氧化膜相邻的区域为元素Al的内氧化区,远离外氧化膜的基体内部形成元素Al的内氮化区;随恒温氧化温度的升高,内氧化区和内氮化区的深度增加,内氧化物和内氮化物的尺寸增大。其中,在内氧化物、内氮化物周围形成元素Al的贫化区,在贫化区内发生-′相的分解及贫乏。     

纳米化对M951合金高温氧化性能的影响

采用磁控溅射的方法在M951铸造合金表面制备了相同成分的纳米晶涂层,研究了涂层在1 000℃和1 100℃空气中的恒温氧化行为及在1 000℃空气中的循环氧化行为,并与粗晶合金进行了对比。同时利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDX)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对合金及涂层样品氧化前后的微观形貌及相组成进行了分析。结果表明:1 000℃恒温氧化后合金表面形成了连续的以Al2O3为主的氧化膜;1 000℃循环氧化及1 100℃恒温氧化后合金表面氧化物分层,外层为NiAl2O4,内层为Al2O3,合金中形成了富Nb的内氧化物,氧化膜发生明显开裂和剥落。而在上述所有试验条件下,纳米晶涂层表面都形成了薄而连续且粘附性好的α-Al2O3保护性氧化膜。纳米化促进了M951合金表面以Al2O3为主的氧化膜的形成,增强了氧化膜的粘附性,显著提高了合金的抗氧化性能。     

低氧压预氧化对FeCrAlSiY合金耐LBE熔液腐蚀性能的影响

为进一步提高核反应堆系统的结构材料 Fe-Cr 基合金抗 LBE 腐蚀的性能,对其进行成分优化和表面处理十分重要。 对 Fe-12Cr-xAl-2Si-0.6Y 合金进行低氧压预氧化试验,分析并讨论氧分压和 Al 含量对合金预氧化产物的影响,并研究预氧化前后的合金在 LBE 合金熔液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,Fe-12Cr-2Al-2Si-0.6Y 合金在不同氧分压下进行预氧化后生成的表面氧化物均以 Al2O3 为主,氧分压越大,合金表面发生选择性氧化速度越快。不同 Al 含量的 Fe-12Cr-xAl-2Si-0.6Y 合金在 10^?15 atm(1 atm=0.101 3 MPa)氧分压下进行预氧化,随着 Al 含量的增加,合金表面氧化物由以 Cr₂O₃为主逐渐变为以 Al₂O₃ 为主,还混合有少量复合氧化物。进行低氧压预氧化处理能有效提高合金在 450 o C 的 LBE 合金熔液中的耐腐蚀性能。研究成果可为设计和开发耐 LBE 熔液腐蚀的 FeCrAlSiY 合金提供参考,促进该体系合金在核电工业领域的运用。     

Cr18Ni30Mo2Al3Nb合金的高温抗氧化性能

采用称重法测得Cr18Ni30Mo2Al3Nb合金在不同温度下的高温氧化动力学曲线。结果表明,该合金的氧化曲线遵循抛物线氧化规律,具有优良的抗氧化性能。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射的方法对氧化膜表面形貌及结构进行研究,该合金在3个温度下氧化膜完整致密,700℃氧化膜主要由Fe和Cr的混合氧化物(Fe0.6Cr0.4)2O3和少量Al的氧化物组成;800℃氧化膜主要是Al和Cr的混合氧化物(Al0.9Cr0.1)2O3和少量Al2O3及少量Fe的氧化物;900℃氧化膜主要是(Al0.9Cr0.1)2O3和Al的氧化物,还含有少量Fe(Cr,Al)2O4和MnFe2O4。     

Fe-30Mn-9Al奥氏体钢高温循环氧化特征

研究了Fe-30Mn-9Al奥氏体钢在700℃、800℃和950℃空气中循环氧化160 h表面形成的氧化膜形貌、成分和组织结构.Fe-30Mn-9Al奥氏体钢在700℃和800℃氧化时,初期增重较快,随着循环次数增加,氧化增重减小,氧化160 h分别增重1.00和4.08 mg/cm2.氧化层主要由Mn2O3,Al2O3和(Mn,Fe)2O3等相组成.在950 ℃,钢的氧化增重显著上升,160 h增重43.50 mg/cm2,表面形成了Fe2O3、MnO2以及MnAl2O4、Al2Fe2O6等复合氧化物.800℃下循环氧化后形成了多层氧化物膜 ,外层以Mn2O3型氧化物为主,内层以Al2O3为主;钢基体表面为 富Fe、贫Mn的铁素体层.      

高Cr镍基单晶合金1050℃的高温氧化性能

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDAX)等手段,研究了一种高Cr镍基单晶高温合金在1050℃的高温氧化行为.结果表明,氧化初期合金增重迅速,氧化增重不遵循抛物线规律,表面氧化膜出现剥落,氧化过程由形成Al2O3和Cr2O3所控制.高温氧化期间,合金发生明显的外氧化和内氧化,外氧化膜Cr2O3和(Ni,Co)Cr2O4组成,内氧化物为Al2O3.在内氧化物上方出现贫Al富Ta区,元素贫化区尺寸随时间的延长而增大,富Ta相抑制基体中Al向外扩散,并抑制氧化膜生长.     

快速凝固Al—Ti—Fe系合金的组织演化

采用单辊旋铸技术制备Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe,Al2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5V和Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr(at%，下同）合金薄带，利用X射线衍射（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）分析了这些合金的急冷态和退火态组织。结果表明：快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金急冷态组织中存在Al3Ti和Al5Ti2两种初生相，快凝合金经400℃退火10h后，组织中出现了Al13Fe4相，在450℃退火，组织中析出了弥散Al3Ti相；快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5V合金急冷态组织中存在Al11V相和Al80V20相，400℃退火10h后，初生Al11V相转变为Al80V20相，且固溶在α-Al基体中的Ti,Fe以Al23Ti9相和Al13Fe4相的形式析出；快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr合金急冷态组织中存在Al3Ti和Al13Cr2两种初生相，快凝合金经300℃退火10h后，组织中析出了Al13Cr2和Al3Ti两种弥散相，400℃退火10h时后组织中出现了Al13Fe4相。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.