甚低频水听器的静水压激励校准方法

利用IEC推荐的方法，要校准频率低于1HZ的甚低频水听器是非常困难的，为此，我们研究用静水压激励法来对它进行校准。本文详细叙述了利用该方法校舍准甚低频水听器的方法原理，利用该方法，可以方便地校准甚低频水听器的声压灵敏度。     

井下前视声波成像系统及电路设计

介绍了一种用于检测油井套管变形和落物等状态的前视声波扫描成像实验系统。系统采用相控阵超声波扫描技术和一维线阵声波换能器。系统由井下系统和地面系统两部分组成,详细阐述了井下系统中电子电路的实现方法。系统将FPGA＋DSP＋AD的数字电路框架应用于套管井检测,完成了对超声回波的高速采样以及数字信号处理。用该系统进行了一系列模拟实验,结果表明：该系统在模拟井下环境的实验条件下,能够得到套管井的前视声波图像,从而检测出套管井变形、井内落物等状态。     

声波全波计算方法的研究及应用

随着测井技术的发展,产生了声波全波列测井技术,声波全波测井比声速测井能得到更丰富的地层信息,这些信息对油田的勘探与开发有着广泛的应用。本文主要介绍了声波全波的计算方法,实轴积分法适用于井外为均匀各向同性弹性介质的情况,而对于复杂介质等井眼物理模型则主要应用有限差分法。声波全波信息在确定岩性、岩层孔隙度和含油饱和度等参数的方面有着重要意义。     

油基泥浆井下激励源设计

针对油基泥浆的不导电特点,采用Microchip公司生产的单片机PIC 16F876和XILINX公司的CPLD XC9572设计实现了一种频率和幅度均可调的调幅波激励源.对于井下恶劣的环境和测井的不同需求,重点讨论了激励源的信号频率和幅度的调节以及对发射信号的实时监控方法.系统由控制电路、载波调制波获取电路、调幅波获取和电压检测电路组成.实验结果表明:激励源的调幅波频率和幅度可程控,信号发射稳定,带负载能力强,信噪比达到30dB.     

用于井下超声石油流量计的互相关方法

介绍井下超声波石油流量计的互相关处理方法以及实现方案。该方案采用倾斜式换能器布放方式,提高了井下超声石油流量计的测量灵敏度;采用数值化互相关求取时差的方法处理超声回波,对相关法与阈值法计算时差的可靠性与稳定性进行了比较,说明了相关法在时差计算方面相对于阈值法的优越性。同时介绍了相关法井下流量计的电路实现方法。结果表明：简化了超声流量计的电路设计,提高了系统的稳定性和测量精度,该方案对于井下流量计及相似的检测问题具有实际的参考价值。     

三维电容层析成像组合电极激励测量模式

针对3层电容阵列电极传感器,基于三维仿真,研究了两种组合电极激励测量模式,并与传统的单电极激励单电极测量模式进行了比较,包括电容测量值大小及其动态范围、敏感场分布均匀性以及重建图像质量。基于COMSOL软件及Matlab软件进行了仿真实验,结果表明:相较于传统的单电极激励单电极测量模式,组合电极激励测量模式所得图像重建效果更好,测量电容值较大且动态范围较小,敏感场分布更加均匀,对中心物体的成像质量明显提高。     

不同频率轨道激励下列车横向半主动控制研究

轨道不平顺激扰是影响高速列车横向振动最常见和最主要的因素,而目前对不同频率轨道激励下车辆横向振动以及其半主动悬挂控制算法实现的研究甚少.基于此,建立高速列车17自由度车辆横向振动仿真模型,运用经验模态分解基于频域采样的三角级数法模拟的轨道谱信号,并重构得到不同频率的轨道激励,对不同频率轨道激励下车辆横向振动和横向半主动...     

多振源激励下站房结构振动响应分析方法

立体式、现代化铁路站房结构处于列车行驶、人行及设备运行等多振源共同激励的复杂振动条件下,目前国内外尚无合理的多振源激励下站房结构振动响应分析方法。通过分析列车行驶、人行及设备运行单独激励下站房结构振动响应的时频域特性和频带交叠情况,提出了基于均方根加速度、考虑加权功率相干叠加的多振源激励下站房结构振动响应分析方法,并对方法的合理性和适用性进行了论证。以天津西站站房结构为例,分别采用非相干叠加方法和加权功率相干叠加方法对站房结构进行三振源激励下振动响应分析。结果表明,考虑加权功率相干叠加的振动响应均方根加速度区间可以包络三振源激励下非相干叠加的站房结构振动响应均方根加速度值。     

过程激励的定性模拟方法及原型系统

为了给企业选择激励措施时提供一种虚拟实验工具,基于物理系统定性模拟及其它多种思想,设计了过程激励的定性模拟方法,开发了原型系统.其中,借鉴模糊数学和QSIM（Qualitative Simulation）算法的思路表述定性状态变量;利用改进的因果关系图表述激励措施与人群激励效果之间、以及与激励成本之间的定性关系;采用IF-THEN方式设计了状态变量的转换规则;借鉴纳什均衡的思想,提出激励-满意均衡概念,用于过滤各模拟阶段的不合理的转换;链接前述各方法,设计了模拟步骤;为实现上述方法,用VB 6.0和Matlab 6.10开发了原型系统.实验表明,通过本文的方法,系统所得的结果是符合常理的.     

LiNbO3和LiTaO3晶体电子结构、平面声波和光折射特性

本研究基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理超软赝势平面方法计算了LiNbO₃和LiTaO₃的晶格参数、电子结构和弹性常数, 并利用Christoffel方程研究了二者平面声波特征。结果表明: 两者的理论计算晶格参数和弹性常数与实验值接近, 禁带宽度分别为3.78和3.98 eV, 导带底和价带顶主要由O-2p和Nb-4d(Ta-5d)态电子贡献。化学键理论揭示Li和Nb(Ta)与O原子之间有两种成键类型。 电荷布局分析结果显示有两种相应的重叠布居数, Nb(Ta)-O键呈现强共价键作用, 并且Nb-O(Ta-O)键长小于Li-O键长。LiNbO₃和LiTaO₃晶体平面声波有两支横波和一支纵波, 纵波速度大于横波速度, 在xy平面呈现六重对称性, 在xz和yz平面各向异性程度强于xy平面, 沿[001]、晶向上两支横波振动速度相等。最后利用模守恒赝势(Norm-conserving)计算了介电常数和静态折射率, 计算表明LiNbO₃晶体的折射性能和非寻常光(e光)离散程度均强于LiTaO₃晶体。     

声波测井压电换能器多频点阻抗匹配技术研究

针对声波测井压电换能器的多频点阻抗匹配技术展开研究,首先采用多模态等效电路精确描述了换能器的导纳特性;然后通过分析多模态阻抗匹配理论,设计电感-电容复合阻抗匹配网络,并结合换能器等效电路进行参数优化和电路仿真。实验表明,相比于换能器没有阻抗匹配的测试结果,该阻抗匹配技术可大幅提高换能器在谐振频率附近多个频率处的有功功率,频带内的有功功率平均提高了30倍,从而改善换能器的激励带宽和激励效率,提高测井仪器的适应性、探测深度和分辨率。     

一种超声手术刀推挽激励换能器的研究

设计了一种超声手术刀用的新型推挽激励换能器。它是在夹心式单晶堆压电超声换能器的经典构造基础上,把原先激励一组压电陶瓷晶片堆的方式,改为同时施加反相激励的前后两组晶堆。利用有限元方法,对该推挽激励换能器进行模态分析和频率响应分析。在相同大小的电压激励下,相对单晶堆换能器,推挽激励换能器可以获得更高的工作带宽和机电耦合系数,提高了换能器的电声转换效率。按照仿真结果加工推挽激励换能器,实现良好的动力学和电学特性,满足设计要求。     

B1 瓦特计测量声功率方法的分析和简化

本文给出郎之万Ｌａｎｇｅｖｉｎ型换能器及变幅杆振动节点、腹点处振幅比随负载的变化情况，分析了瓦特计法测量声功率本身存在的理论偏差，并给出了两性能相同的换能器对接系统的实验结果，表明这种方法在轻负载（不大于水负载）测量中的准确性，提出工程上简化的测量方法     

基于A／D转换原理的铂电阻非线性校正设计

本文介绍一种基于Ａ／Ｄ转换原理的铂电阻非线性校正的设计方法。给出铂电阻线性测温的设计原理和实际电路，运用数学原理对铂电阻测温电路进行研究，为铂电阻的非线性校正方法提供理论依据。最后给出了实验结果。     

复合板件内损耗因子的声激励测量方法

以泡沫铝夹芯板为研究对象,分别应用稳态半功率点带宽法与混响室声激励法测得其内损耗因子。根据统计能量分析预测模型,将实验室实测泡沫铝夹芯板隔声量代入其中,逆推出预测模型中内损耗因子真值,并与以上两种方法测得的内损耗因子进行了对比分析,结果表明:半功率点带宽法仅能测得泡沫铝夹芯板的结构损耗因子,而混响室声激励法则能够综合考虑其结构阻尼和吸声损耗,从而获得更适用于隔声预测的综合内损耗因子。研究内容可为存在吸声损耗的复杂板件内损耗因子的获取提供方法借鉴。     

Compactly supported radial basis functions for the acoustic 3D eigenanalysis using the particular integral method

This paper discusses the efficiency of several Compactly Supported Radial Basis Functions (CSRBFs) for the eigenanalysis of 3D acoustic cavities using the Particular Integral Method. Starting with the two most popular CSRBF families due to Wendland and Wu, a third family proposed by Buhmann is suggested. Results on rectangular parallelepiped highlight the benefit of CSRBFs compared to the classical conical function, especially when dealing with cavities discretized by few elements. On the other hand, when the mesh is refined, numerical difficulties arise and particular attention should be paid to the order of the employed CSRBF. Indeed, and while the conical function is likely to be the most robust function, high-order CSRBFs should be avoided. However, the proposed Buhmann's functions appear to bring significant improvements on eigenanalysis when compared to their Wendland and Wu counterparts.     

CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphors bonding with bismuth borate glass for high power light excitation

The CaAlSiN₃:Eu²⁺ red phosphor-in-glass was prepared using bismuth borate glass as the binder for high power light excitation. B₂O₃–Bi₂O₃–Al₂O₃–ZnO glass powder showed good sintering behavior with CaAlSiN₃:Eu²⁺ phosphors at around 550 °C. The phosphor-in-glass has flat surface with a thickness of about 100 μm. From the images of FE-SEM and confocal laser scanning microscope, the uniform distribution of phosphor particles inside the phosphor-in-glass was vividly and clearly observed. And the luminescent property of phosphors was not greatly affected by glasses, as shown in fluorescence spectra. When the volume radio of CaAlSiN₃:Eu²⁺ phosphors was 50%, the sample exhibited low thermal quenching and high flexural strength of 28.5 MPa. Compared YAG:Ce³⁺ phosphor-in-glass with CaAlSiN₃:Eu²⁺ phosphor-in-glass, we found bismuth borate glass had better wettability on YAG:Ce³⁺ particles, which caused a higher flexural strength of the YAG:Ce³⁺ phosphor-in-glass.     

A fast multipole boundary element method for 3D multi-domain acoustic scattering problems based on the Burton-Miller formulation

A fast multipole boundary element method (FMBEM) for 3D multi-domain acoustic scattering problems based on the Burton-Miller formulation is presented in this paper. A multi-tree structure is designed for the multi-domain FMBEM. It results in mismatch of leaves and well separate cells definition in different domains and complicates the implementation of the algorithm, especially for preconditioning. A preconditioner based on boundary blocks is devised for the multi-domain FMBEM and its efficiency in reducing the number of iterations in solving large-scale multi-domain scattering problems is demonstrated. In addition to the analytical moment, another method, based on the anti-symmetry of the moment kernel, is developed to reduce the moment computation further by a factor of two. Frequency sweep analysis of a penetrable sphere shows that the multi-domain FMBEM based on the Burton-Miller formulation can overcome the non-unique solution problem at the fictitious eigenfrequencies. Several other numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the developed multi-domain FMBEM for acoustic problems. In spite of the high cost of memory and CPU time for the multi-tree structure in the multi-domain FMBEM, a large BEM model studied with a PC has 0.3 million elements corresponding to 0.6 million unknowns, which clearly shows the potential of the developed FMBEM in solving large-scale multi-domain acoustics problems.     

A low-frequency fast multipole boundary element method based on analytical integration of the hypersingular integral for 3D acoustic problems

A low-frequency fast multipole boundary element method (FMBEM) for 3D acoustic problems is proposed in this paper. The FMBEM adopts the explicit integration of the hypersingular integral in the dual boundary integral equation (BIE) formulation which was developed recently by Matsumoto, Zheng et al. for boundary discretization with constant element. This explicit integration formulation is analytical in nature and cancels out the divergent terms in the limit process. But two types of regular line integrals remain which are usually evaluated numerically using Gaussian quadrature. For these two types of regular line integrals, an accurate and efficient analytical method to evaluate them is developed in the present paper that does not use the Gaussian quadrature. In addition, the numerical instability of the low-frequency FMBEM using the rotation, coaxial translation and rotation back (RCR) decomposing algorithm for higher frequency acoustic problems is reported in this paper. Numerical examples are presented to validate the FMBEM based on the analytical integration of the hypersingular integral. The diagonal form moment which has analytical expression is applied in the upward pass. The improved low-frequency FMBEM delivers an algorithm with efficiency between the low-frequency FMBEM based on the RCR and the diagonal form FMBEM, and can be used for acoustic problems analysis of higher frequency.     

A 3D mortar method for solid mechanics

A version of the mortar method is developed for tying arbitrary dissimilar 3D meshes with a focus on issues related to large deformation solid mechanics. Issues regarding momentum conservation, large deformations, computational efficiency and bending are considered. In particular, a mortar method formulation that is invariant to rigid body rotations is introduced. A scheme is presented for the numerical integration of the mortar surface projection integrals applicable to arbitrary 3D curved dissimilar interfaces. Here, integration need only be performed at problem initialization such that coefficients can be stored and used throughout a quasi‐static time stepping process even for large deformation problems. A degree of freedom reduction scheme exploiting the dual space interpolation method such that direct linear solution techniques can be applied without Lagrange multipliers is proposed. This provided a significant reduction in factorization times. Example problems which touch on the aforementioned solid mechanics related issues are presented. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.