三维花球状BiOCl/海泡石的制备及其在可见光催化降解双酚A中的应用

以海泡石为载体,硝酸铋、氯化钾为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂,采用简单的水热法制备出1种三维花状的BiOCl/海泡石复合光催化剂。利用SEM、XRD、BET、UV-Vis DRS和FT-IR对其进行表征,考察了BiOCl与海泡石质量比、催化剂质量浓度、初始p H、双酚A(BPA)初始质量浓度等因素对BPA降解率的影响。实验结果表明,当复合催化剂中海泡石质量分数为10%、催化剂质量浓度为1 g/L、p H=6、BPA初始质量浓度为10 mg/L时,BPA的降解效率最佳。且最佳质量比的复合光催化剂具有较高的稳定性能,重复使用3次后对BPA的降解率仍保持95%以上。     

US／AC／H2O2去除水中内分泌干扰物双酚A

以活性炭(AC)为催化剂、双氧水(H2O2)为氧化剂进行双酚A废水催化氧化实验研究.分别考察了温度、pH值、反应时间、H2O2用量及催化剂用量等因素对双酚A降解率的影响.结果表明,US(超声波)/AC/H2O2体系中,双酚A降解率高于AC/H2O2体系.处理90 mg/L双酚A 100 mL模拟废水的最佳反应条件是:温度60 ℃,pH＝5,H2O2加入量0.15 mL,反应1 h后降解率达到95%以上.AC/H2O2和US/AC/H2O2体系处理含酚废水过程中,双酚A的降解规律符合表观一级反应.     

Fe(NO3)3-太阳光催化降解双酚A的研究

采用Fe(NO3)3为催化剂,在自然光照射下对双酚A的降解过程进行了研究。考察了Fe(NO3)3用量、体系的pH值、双酚A初始浓度、光照时间等因素对双酚A降解效率的影响,并测定了双酚A的CODCr去除率。结果表明,当Fe(NO3)3和双酚 A 摩尔比为0.8：1、体系pH为3、双酚A初始浓度为10 mg/L时,经太阳光照射降解三天,双酚A 的降解率可达到99.4%,其COD去除率可达到66.8%。     

盐助溶液燃烧法制备MnFe2O4催化过一硫酸盐降解双酚A

采用盐助溶液燃烧法制备磁性铁酸锰（MnFe₂O₄）,催化过一硫酸氢盐（PMS）氧化降解水溶液中的双酚A。通过XRD、BET等手段对制备的铁酸锰催化剂进行了表征。探究了MnFe₂O₄投加量、PMS投加量、溶液初始pH、淬灭剂、共存离子等因素对双酚A降解效果的影响,评估了MnFe₂O₄催化剂的循环利用性能。结果表明,MnFe₂O₄和PMS的最合理投加量分别为 0.3 g/L、0.3 mmol/L,初始pH为11.0时双酚A降解效果最好,60 min内的降解率可达99.3%。淬灭实验表明,催化体系中同时存在多种活性物质,¹O₂是主要活性物种。溶液中Cl^-、HCO₃^-和HPO₄^2-等共存离子的存在影响双酚A的降解。双酚A在60 min内的TOC去除率为34.9%,苯环断裂和开环反应是其主要降解路径。MnFe₂O₄催化剂循环使用三次后,双酚A的降解率仍保持在90.0%左右。     

微波修饰g-C3N4处理罗丹明B模拟废水的研究

以三聚氰胺(C_3H_6N_6)为前驱体,通过高温煅烧制备了g-C_3N_4光催化剂,并用微波辐射法制备了改性g-C_3N_4,用XRD、FT-IR、UV-Vis及PL等对催化剂结构进行了表征。结果表明,微波改性样品光催化活性显著提高,微波辐射7min的催化剂对20mg/L的罗丹明B在可见光下催化降解2h,降解率达到97.03%。     

改性TiO_2光催化剂催化降解双酚A的研究进展

内分泌干扰物双酚A的污染日益严重,对人体健康和水生生物产生很大负面影响。光催化氧化法是废水净化常用的一种高级氧化技术。TiO_2是研究最多、最具潜力的光催化剂之一,但其带隙较宽、电子-空穴复合率较大而无法大规模应用,因此对TiO_2光催化剂进行改性得到广泛关注。介绍了近年来改性TiO_2光催化剂降解双酚A的研究进展,并提出改性TiO_2光催化剂今后的研究方向。     

可见光响应的复合光催化剂对染料废水的降解

以钛酸丁酯为主要原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce/Ti O2复合粒子,并采用均匀沉淀包覆法,不经高温煅烧处理,制备出了Fe(OH)3/Ce/Ti O2复合型光催化剂。通过XRD、比表面、UV-Vis反射等对光催化剂结构进行了表征,并以染料活性红3BS为有机污染物的模型化合物研究其光催化活性。结果表明,与纯Ti O2相比,在改性前后晶形基本不变,Fe(OH)3/Ce/Ti O2光催化剂在可见光区吸收能力增强,比表面增大,降解3BS的光催化能力有较大提高。用正交实验探讨了催化剂用量、溶液p H、降解时间等因素对3BS降解率的影响,实验得出在太阳光照射下,催化降解该染料废水的最佳条件:催化剂用量为0.8~1.0 g/L,p H为3,降解时间为90 min,在此条件下复合光催化剂对染料3BS的降解率为90%以上,COD去除率约为85%。     

Fe3O4@TiO2@SiO2@Ag光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性研究

采用溶剂热法和溶胶-凝胶法合成了磁性Fe₃O₄@TiO₂@SiO₂复合光催化剂,再通过巯基改性,使二氧化硅表面原位合成银纳米颗粒,最终形成目标光催化剂。利用XRD、FT-IR、XPS、SEM、VSM等分析测试手段对该催化剂的组成、结构、形貌及其磁学性能进行表征。通过光催化降解40 mL罗丹明B溶液(pH 5.3,30 mg/L),催化剂按1 g/L加入反应体系,光照120 min时,罗丹明B溶液的降解率达96.22%。相同条件重复循环实验10次,罗丹明B溶液降解率仅下降4.32%,表明Fe₃O₄@TiO₂@SiO₂@Ag磁性光催化剂具有出色的光催化活性和循环使用性。     

马齿苋茎部提取物对双酚A的降解效应研究

大量研究证明:双酚A(BPA)具有环境雌激素作用,极低剂量摄取就能破坏人体的内分泌系统,已成为一种全球性污染物。文章以2mL蒸馏水比1g马齿苋茎部的比例浸提其活性物质,用于双酚A的生物降解。研究了样品中双酚A的初始浓度、光照、透析等因素对马齿苋茎部提取物降解双酚A的影响。实验结果显示:在连续光照及透析条件下,20mLBPA中加入1mL茎汁降解时获得的效果较好,浓度为5mg/L、10mg/L的双酚A在24h内可完全降解,40mg/L的双酚A降解率达到67%。     

陶瓷负载TiO_2光催化降解印染废水的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了陶瓷负载TiO_2光催化剂,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)对其进行表征,研究了催化剂对活性艳蓝降解率的影响。结果表明:在一定催化剂用量范围内,活性艳蓝的降解率随着催化剂用量的增加而升高,达到一定值后,降解率变化不再明显;当活性艳蓝的质量浓度为40 mg/L、p H为6时,采用负载配比为1∶8的光催化剂,且其质量浓度为2 g/L时,降解率可达98.5%。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

卫生陶瓷烧成用窑炉发展之我见

归纳了当今卫生陶瓷工业的发展现状和水平 ,对窑炉产业提出了的新要求 ,分析了某一新型窑炉的特点 ,对发展我国陶瓷窑炉产业提出了建议     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.