络合萃取法在2-萘酚废水处理中的应用研究

采用络合萃取法,以三烷基胺和磷酸三丁酯为萃取剂、煤油为稀释剂处理2-萘酚β-盐母液废水。试验结果表明：采用20％三烷基胺-20％磷酸三丁酯-60％煤油的混合型络合萃取剂对2．萘酚废水进行萃取具有较高的COD脱除率。     

填料塔萃取回收醋酸废水的工艺研究

采用络合萃取方法处理工业中的低质量浓度醋酸废水,考察了三烷基胺与三正辛胺对醋酸废水的萃取效果,分析了三烷基胺、正辛醇和煤油体积分数、原料液初始质量浓度和pH对萃取效果的影响。利用填料萃取塔和反萃塔,观察混合萃取剂对醋酸废水的萃取效果。实验结果表明,在相同的体积分数下,三烷基胺萃取效果优于三正辛胺。在填料萃取塔中,使用混合萃取剂体积分数40%三烷基胺-30%正辛醇-30%煤油处理初始质量浓度为30 g/L醋酸水溶液,萃取效果较好,醋酸回收率可达95.25%。     

以硝基苯为萃取剂从水中回收苯胺工艺技术研究

介绍了采用硝基苯为萃取剂,从水中回收苯胺的工艺过程,进行了溶剂比、萃取级数、萃取温度对萃取效果的影响实验,确定了适宜的工艺条件.由于硝基苯为苯胺的生产原料,以其为萃取剂无需再生,可将萃取相直接加氢生产苯胺.通过三级逆流萃取,可使萃取后水中w（苯胺）由3.6％降至0.003 0％,苯胺回收率达到99.9％以上.     

磷酸三丁酯络合萃取含酚废水的应用研究

利用磷酸三丁酯、三烷基胺为络合剂,分别采用苯、甲苯、正辛醇、煤油作为稀释剂对含酚废水进行络合萃取.实验结果表明,采用磷酸三丁酯一甲苯混合溶剂对含酚废水进行萃取具有相当高的分配系数;同时探讨了络合萃取技术处理含酚废水工业化的可行性,实验结果表明具有工业化应用前景.     

络合萃取法处理磺酸类染料中间体工业废水的研究

以工业苯胺 2 ,5 双磺酸废水处理为背景 ,考察了染料中间体废水处理的可行性。系统地测定了稀释剂、磷氧类和胺类络合剂对苯胺 2 ,5 双磺酸萃取平衡的影响 ,确定了适宜的萃取剂组成 :三辛胺 (TOA) /正辛醇 /煤油 ;并进行了苯胺 2 ,5 双磺酸工业废水处理的实验研究。结果表明 ,TOA对于苯胺 2 ,5 双磺酸具有较高的萃取效率 ;废水中盐酸及盐的影响可通过控制废水的 pH值解决 ,多级错流萃取可有效去除废水中的苯胺 2 ,5 双磺酸和色度 ;同时 ,在间氨基苯磺酸废水的处理中也获得了较好的效果     

络合萃取技术在苯胺-硝基苯废水处理中的应用研究

苯胺生产过程产生的废水中通常含有硝基苯及酚，而硝基苯废水指生产硝基苯过程中产生的废水，该废水中通常含苯胺约几十mg／L、含硝基苯约几百mg/L。苯胺-硝基苯废水处理的难点在于提高废水的可生化性。目前，已有的预处理方法主要有物理吸附法、化学氧化法和络合萃取法等多种方法，其中络合萃取法弥补了物理法和化学法的缺点，更具高效性和高选择性，且萃取剂反萃取率效率高，     

络合萃取法处理含苯胺工业废水

采用络合萃取法处理苯胺废水。在常温、油水相比为1：10的条件下,将体积分数为70％磷酸三丁酯－30％煤油组成的萃取剂三级络合萃取苯胺废水,苯胺脱除率可达99．84％,提出了处理苯胺工业废水的综合工艺流程。     

柠檬酸稀溶液的络合萃取研究

利用磷酸三丁酯（TBP）、三烷基胺（7301）为络合剂,分别采用甲苯、正辛醇、煤油作为稀释剂萃取柠檬酸稀溶液。实验结果表明,用混合型络合剂对柠檬酸稀溶液进行萃取,具有相当高的分配系数。考察了柠檬酸溶液初始浓度、有机相中络合剂浓度、温度对络合萃取相平衡分配 系数的影响,获得了萃取工艺过程较佳的操作条件;并对三烷基胺萃取柠檬酸稀溶液的机理进行了探讨,证实了三烷基胺对柠檬酸的萃取时同时存在离子缔合成盐和氢键缔合溶剂化两种历程。     

过氧化氢催化氧化法处理芳香族氟化物生产废水

本文用过氧化氢催化氧化法处理芳香族有机物，实验结果表明，Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ氧化是处理芳香族氟化物生产废水的有效而较经济的新颖方法。其ＣＯＤ、苯胺、硝基苯脱除率，主要与氧化剂添加量有关，对ＣＯＤ含量为５００ｐｐｍ、苯胺１００ｐｐｍ、硝基苯９５ｐｐｍ的废水，添加废水量０．１％的过氧化氢，进行Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ反应，处理后废水三项指标均达到排放标准。     

改性骨架镍催化加氢合成2,4-二氯-5-异丙氧基苯胺

以改性骨架镍为催化剂，催化加氢2，4-二氯-5-异丙氧基硝基苯合成2，4-二氯-5-异丙氧基苯胺，加氢反应在温度80℃和1．0～1．5MPa压力下进行．转化率99.9％。加氢选择性99．8％。     

丁二酸稀溶液的络合萃取

以磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)、三烷基胺 (73 0 1)为络合剂 ,分别采用甲苯、异丙基甲酮、正辛醇、煤油作为稀释剂对丁二酸稀溶液进行络合萃取。结果表明 :混合型络合剂对丁二酸稀溶液进行萃取 ,可取得满意的分离效果 ,平衡分配系数D高达 15 .2 8;讨论了丁二酸溶液初始浓度、溶液pH值以及温度对络合萃取相平衡分配系数的影响。利用傅立叶红外光谱仪测定了负载有机相中萃合物的结构 ,对三烷基胺络合萃取丁二酸稀溶液的机理进行了探讨     

液膜法分离回收废水中锰（Ⅶ）工艺及其分离机理研究

采用N7301为流动载体,Span-80为表面活性剂,煤油为膜溶剂,以H2SO4为内相试剂的乳状液膜体系分离回收废水中的MnO~-_4。研究了迁移机理,确定了制乳、分离等最佳操作条件。结果表明,对于7-125mg/L低浓度的含锰废水,一次性分离可降至0.1mg/L以下,锰的回收率达99.8％。     

络合萃取法处理对硝基苯酚生产废水

采用络合萃取法,以ＴＯＡ为萃取剂、煤油为稀释剂处理对硝基苯酚生产废水。当萃取剂浓度为７－５％（ 油相） 、相比１∶１－５、萃取时间２０ ｍｉｎ 时,废水经一级萃取硝基苯酚去除率达９９－０％ ,ＣＯＤ去除率达９４－０％ 。萃取所得络合相经ＮａＯＨ解络后,上层油相为萃取剂可循环使用,下层为浓缩的对硝基苯酚,可回收利用。     

Phenol Removal from Aqueous System by Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Sulfoxide Extraction

Solvent extraction is generally considered as one of the important and effective techniques to remove toxic phenol from wastewater. This paper explores the solvent extraction of phenol from wastewater using bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfoxide (BESO) as extractant. Various parameters such as equilibrium time, the volume percentage of BESO, pH value, and ionic strength of the aqueous solution on the phenol extraction were investigated. The results indicated that BESO exhibited excellent performance of phenol extraction. The extraction percentage increased from 97.26% to 99.47%, varying the BESO concentration from 10% (v/v) to 30% (v/v). The extraction percentage decreased with increasing temperature in the range of 298-343 K. FTIR spectra of fresh and phenol loaded BESO organic phase indicated the existence of the hydrogen bonding interactions between S=O groups and phenol molecules. The relationship between log D and log [BESO] suggested the stoichiometry of the extracted species was a 1:1 complex, namely, [PhOH]·[BESO]. Phenol stripping from the loaded organic phase by sodium hydroxide was feasible, and more than 99% of phenol could be stripped when the NaOH concentration was 0.5 mol L^?1. The results obtained established that BESO/kerosene extraction system has potential for practical application in the phenol removal and recovery.     

Recovery of Chloroform from Effluent with Solvent Extraction–Distillation Process

Abstract

A solvent extraction–distillation process for recovery of chloroform in aqueous effluent was developed. Sutfonated kerosene was used for extraction of chloroform. When the flow ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase is 0.1, the chloroform concentration in the aqueous effluent can be decreased from 10 g/L to about 100 mg/L by 3-stage countercurrent extraction. The distribution ratio of chloroform between sulfonated kerosene and water is about 50. Sodium sulfate in the aqueous effluent will enhance the distribution. A small amount of water was added to the distillation column for stripping chloroform in sulfonated kerosene. RPC was used as a commercial extractor. Scale-up from the data of the pilot test was based on the Karr correlation. Recovery of chloroform was over 90%, and residual kerosene in the aqueous effluent from the extraction was lower than 70 mg/L. It is expected that the technique can be used for the recovery of other organic solvents miscible with kerosene.     

皂化P204微乳液膜处理含锌废水的研究

研究以皂化P204为载体的微乳液膜配方及其稳定性.采用P204/Span80/煤油/NaOH微乳体系萃取废水中Zn^2＋,考察了P204与煤油和Span80的质量比、NaOH的浓度、乳水比、外水相pH值、油相重复使用次数等因素对Zn^2＋萃取率的影响.结果表明,当P204与煤油的质量比为1：2.5,P204与Span80的质量比为1：1,NaOH浓度为1.5mol/L,乳水比为1：4（体积比）,废水pH值为5.5时,萃取10min,P204/煤油/NaOH微乳液膜对Zn^2＋萃取率可达99.72%,P204/Span80/煤油/NaOH微乳液膜对Zn^2＋萃取率可达99.98%,微乳液膜不仅稳定性好、萃取效率高,而且工艺简单、膜相可自动破乳、油相可重复使用.     

Third Phase Formation in the Extraction of Zirconium(IV) by TRPO in Kerosene

The third phase formation in the extraction of zirconium(IV) from nitric acid media by TRPO(trialkyl phosphine oxide)/kerosene was studied. The limiting organic concentrations (LOC) of Zr(IV) under various experimental conditions were determined. Low temperature and high nitric acid concentrations (> 3 M) were found to facilitate the third phase formation, while increasing the concentration of TRPO or adding phase modifier (TBP) into the organic phase resulted in increased LOC of Zr(IV). When the third phase appeared, the conductivity in the organic phase changed sharply, indicating the change of aggregating behavior in the organic phase. FT-IR spectra were used to illustrate the interaction of TRPO with HNO₃ or Zr(IV), and the composition of the two organic phases indicated by FT-IR spectra was consistent with a diluent-enriched light phase and a zirconium/TRPO-concentrated heavy phase.     

络合萃取法对煤制气高浓度含酚废水的资源化处理

用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂和煤油为稀释剂,对煤制气过程中产生的高浓度含酚废水进行了络合萃取处理,并用氢氧化钠溶液为反萃取剂对负载有机相进行了反萃取。分别研究了废水pH、TBP体积分数对萃取及氢氧化钠溶液浓度对反萃取的影响,并对萃取和反萃取过程中有机相的重复使用问题进行了探讨。结果表明,当废水的pH为3～6时,萃取率可达90%以上,CODCr去除率达到80%以上;当氢氧化钠质量分数为4%～10%时,反萃取率可达80%以上;TBP-煤油有机相可在萃取和反萃的过程中多次重复使用。