Joint estimation of carrier frequency offset, dc offset and I/Q imbalance for OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with direct-conversion receiver (DCR) are vulnerable to carrier frequency offset (CFO), dc offset (DCO) and in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance. In this paper, we propose blind estimator for joint estimation of CFO, DCO and I/Q imbalance in OFDM systems with DCR. Simulation results show that performance of proposed estimator approaches Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) asymptotically, which demonstrates its effectiveness.     

Particle filter with ant colony optimization for frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems with unknown noise distribution

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is sensitive to carrier frequency offset (CFO) that causes inter-carrier interference (ICI). In this paper, a particle filter (PF) method augmented with ant colony optimization (ACO) is developed to estimate the CFO. The ACO for continuous domains is incorporated into PF to optimize the sampling process. Unlike the standard PF, resampling is not required in the method. Moreover, it does not require the noise distribution. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective when estimating the CFO and can effectively combat the effect of ICI in OFDM systems.     

基于OFDM无线通信系统的线性回归频偏估计算法

为了适应 60 GHz新型 WiFi 对频偏同步的要求, 提出了一种基于 IEEE802.11ad - 2012 修正案系统 的 线性回归频偏估计 (LROE)算法 。 算法将接收到的前导序列与本地序列进行互相关运 算,然后提取 互相关 值的 相位角进行线性回归计算 , 估计出频偏值。 从理论 推导了算法在高斯信道和多径信道下 的 抗噪声 和 抗多径 性能。 在 多径 信道仿真中, 本算法 的频偏 估计精度优于传统自相关算法 3个 数量级, 满足了系统 对高精度频偏估计的要求。 在全系统仿真中,对比研究了本算法和自相关算法对系统 误比特率(BER)性能 的影响, 并与无频偏对照组仿真进行对比。 LROE 算法的 BER 明显优于自相关算法。 仿真研究表明, LROE 算法基 本消除了频偏对系统BER的影响, 其性能 达到了无频偏 系统 的效果 ,达到了 60GHz 系统对频偏同步的 要求。     

OFDM在长距离光传输系统色散补偿中的应用

为了降低光纤长距离传输中电域色散补偿(EDC,Electronic Dispersion Compensation)的实现复杂度,采用正交频分复用技术(OFDM,Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)与光单边带调制(OSSB,Optical Single Sideband),可有效实现光纤的色散补偿。文章介绍了基于光直接检测(DD,Direct-Detection)的OFDM系统,重点对系统色散补偿的实现进行了具体的数学分析,并进行了数字仿真,就系统误码率(BER)与传统光传输系统(NRZ,Non-Return-to-Zero)进行了比较。结果表明,较传统光传输中电域色散补偿,基于光直接检测的OFDM系统色散补偿实现简单,系统复杂度降低,同时也提高了系统性能。     

无线局域网环境中OFDM系统频偏综合估计

本文提出了一种针对IEEE802．11a OFDM系统频偏综合估计算法，该算法分两个过程对OFDM频偏进行估计；捕获过程和跟踪过程，计算机仿真表明，该算法在不降低估计误差均方差的情况下，相对于其它使用前导字进行频偏跟踪的算法能够提供更大的频偏估计范围，具有更高的频率和更低的计算复杂度。     

Non-data-aided carrier-frequency offset estimation for pulse-shaping OFDM/OQAM systems

In this paper we consider the problem of blind carrier-frequency offset (CFO) estimation for pulse-shaping orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems based on offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM). In particular, under the assumption of low signal-to-noise ratio, three maximum-likelihood (ML) CFO estimators for non-dispersive channels are derived. Due to their significant computational complexity a more feasible closed-form CFO synchronization algorithm is considered. The performance of the derived blind estimators is assessed via computer simulations and compared with that of a blind CFO estimator previously proposed in the literature, exploiting the second-order cyclostationarity property of the OFDM/OQAM signal.     

A frequency offset estimation algorithm for OFDM systems

A new fine carrier frequency offset estimation algorithm in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing （OFDM） system is proposed. The correlation item is the training sequence instead of the received signal in the new algorithm. Simulation results show that the performance of the new algorithm is 4dB-9dB better than that of Schmidl＇s algorithm. Coarse frequency offset estimation is also discussed in this paper, which is the improvement of Zhang＇s method. The estimation range using the improvement method is twice as that using the Zhang＇s method. Based on the hardware of the receiver and the improved algorithm, a method using Fast Fourier Transform （FFT） is proposed to implement the coarse frequency estimation. The chip area of OFDM system can be reduced by using the proposed method.     

OFDM-IDMA系统的迭代频偏估计及补偿

针对OFDM IDMA系统中载波频偏(CFO)带来的子载波之间的干扰问题,提出了在各用户具有相同频偏下的联合逐码片(构的信号作为虚拟的训练序列进行频域频偏估计,同时进行相应的时域频偏补偿.理论分析及实验仿真结果表明:基于逐码片迭代检测的近无频偏时的性能CBC)迭代检测的载波同步方法.该方法利用迭代检测中的外信息重OFDM IDMA系统的频偏估计和补偿方法能够使系统性能接     

一种零前缀OFDM系统的符号同步和载频估计算法

提出一种在零前缀正交频分复用(ZP-OFDM)系统中,估计符号定时和载波频偏的算法.算法根据ZP-OFDM系统的零前缀特性,利用双滑动窗口检测能量的分布来完成符号定时同步;同时,给出一种改进的平均法估计小数倍频率偏移.通过分析和仿真可以看出,无论是在白高斯噪声信道还是多径信道,具有一个训练符号的ZP-OFDM系统可以准确而有效的估计符号定时和频率偏差.     

Low complexity estimation of carrier and sampling frequency offsets in burst‐mode OFDM systems

We study communications under slowly varying channels, and consider three cases of knowledge of the channel impulse response (CIR): full knowledge, no knowledge, and partial knowledge of the CIR. By partial knowledge, we refer to knowing only either the CIR magnitudes or the CIR phases. It is known that obtaining the exact joint maximum‐likelihood estimate (MLE) of the CFO and the SFO requires a two‐dimensional search. Here, we present a new estimation method which uses the Taylor expansion of the MLE cost function, combined with the best linear unbiased estimator, to obtain a method which does not require such a search. The computational complexity of the new method is evaluated. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the new method approaches the corresponding Cramér‐Rao bound for a wide range of signal‐to‐noise ratios, and has superior performance compared to all other existing methods for approximating the solution for the joint MLE, while maintaining a low computational complexity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

OFDM通信系统中的一种最大Doppler频移估计算法

在分析了已有各种Doppler估计算法的基础上，根据功率谱估计经典算法——窗函数法的原理，直接利用接收到的频域中连续导频信号，进行最大Doppler频移估计。该算法同时适合于单载波和多载波系统。仿真结果均表明：在单径和多径条件下，该算法均可对正交频分复用（OFDM）传输系统中的最大Doppler频移获得较精确的估计结果。该算法十分适合于OFDM移动通信系统。     

PILOT－BASED FREQUENCY OFFSET DETECTION SCHEME IN OFDM SYSTEM

The frequency offset information is extracted from local pilot amplitude characteristics, which suffer much less distortion in frequency-selective fading channels than those utilizing frequency domain correlation techniques. Simulation shows that the performance of this scheme has better performance than the existing frequency domain pilot-based frequency offset detection scheme.     

单天线OFDM系统的信道估计算法研究

介绍MIMO-OFDM系统中几种基于导频的信道估计方法。首先研究了单天线OFDM系统的信道估计算法。一方面重点关注三种估计准则的原理,仿真表明LMMSE准则具有最佳的性能;另一方面介绍了几种插值的方法用来恢复非导频处的信道信息。     

Low-complexity PAPR reduction technique for OFDM systems using modified widely linear SLM scheme

In this paper, a modified widely linear selective mapping (MWL-SLM) scheme is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In the proposed MWL-SLM scheme, through partition one complex signals into two real signals and combining the linear properties of the Fourier Transform, at most 4M² candidate signals can be obtained but only require M inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operations. As a result, the proposed SLM scheme has the ability to generate more candidates when compared with conventional SLM (C-SLM) and widely linear SLM (WL-SLM). Therefore, MWL-SLM outperforms C-SLM and WL-SLM for the same computational cost of IFFT operations. Alternatively, for a given number of candidates, MWL-SLM has slightly inferior PAPR reduction performance to C-SLM and WL-SLM but requires less IFFT operations to be implemented, thus resulting in a lower computational complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Sensing OFDM systems with timing and frequency offset for cognitive radio networks

In this paper, we consider the detection of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with timing and frequency offset for cognitive radio over fast time‐varying multipath channels. By making different assumptions on the availability of the timing and frequency offset at the secondary user, we derive two algorithms based on likelihood ratio test and generalized likelihood ratio test, respectively and theoretically obtain the detection performances of them. The proposed algorithms jointly utilize energy of observations and correlation of the cyclic prefix (CP) data. The extensive simulations show that the two algorithms outperform the other CP‐based methods, perform well at very low signal to noise ratio (SNR) and are robust to the CP ratio. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modified Guard Band Power Detection for Coarse Carrier Frequency Offset Recovery in OFDM System

Conventional guard band power detection (GPD) method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) coarse carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation has to be operated after the fine CFO recovery due to its sensitivity to the inter-channel interference (ICI). In the paper, modified GPD methods are presented for OFDM system to obtain more accurate estimation of CFO. The accuracy of GPD estimation can be first improved with a simple operation of power average. Then, extending the idea of Reference symbol Power Adjustment (RPA), two general patterns of sub-carrier power adjustment to improve the estimation performance under nonzero fine CFO are presented. According to complete simulations under the COST 207 multi-path fading channel, estimation performance with the presented modified GPD methods can be significantly improved and therefore can be concurrently operated with the fine carrier offset adjustment.

Comparison of coherent optical single-carrier and multi-carrier superchannel with FDM and FDE

Optical superchannel employing single-carrier (SC) and multi-carrier (MC) subband modulation techniques have been widely discussed for high-speed coherent optical transmission and networks. In this paper, we establish uniform system design based on frequency-domain equalization (FDE) and carry out a thorough study on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) superchannel versus SC frequency division multiplexing (SCFDM, also named as DFT-spread-OFDM) superchannel. The baseband signal characteristics of SCFDM and OFDM are analyzed. SCFDM and OFDM superchannel systems with 4-, 16-, 64- and 256-QAM formats and polarization division multiplexing (PDM) are numerically investigated against various impairments. The results show that SCFDM superchannel outperforms its MC counterpart against finite DAC&ADC resolution and fiber nonlinearities, while suffers more penalty when very large dispersion or laser phase noise exists.     

CO-OFDM系统中基于Pilot位置的XPM补偿及优化

研究了相干光正交频分复用(CO-OFDM)系统中基于射频导频(RF-Pilot)的交叉相位调制(XPM)补偿的关键技术,提出了基于Pilot位置的补偿优化方案,通过理论分析得到了最优Pilot位置的选取原则和Q因子分布规律,仿真结果证明了理论分析的正确性.针对7信道CO-OFDM系统,最优和最差Pilot位置处的系统性能相差1.6dB,在实际设计中应根据具体信道配置和该信道上XPM损伤的分布情况来选取最优的Pilot位置,以提升补偿效果和系统性能.     

Peak-to-average power ratio of selective mapping technology involving a phase generation mechanism based on polar codes for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation systems

In this paper, a novel selective mapping (SLM) method is proposed for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) systems. In the proposed method, polar codes are used to construct the SLM phase generation mechanism. This systematic structural design is superior to conventional methods in which phases are randomly generated. Moreover, polar codes and Reed–Muller codes are selected to protect the input data of the OFDM-IM system. The weight distribution of the Reed–Muller codes is then used to determine the location data of the active subcarriers in the OFDM-IM system, and these data are used to determine the error correction capacity. Simulation results indicated that the PAPR improvement achieved using the proposed method is similar to that achieved with conventional SLM methods. Moreover, linear block codes are used to construct the active subcarrier selection and SLM phase generation mechanisms to ensure that both mechanisms have systematic structural designs.     

电力线OFDM/OQAM通信系统信道相位预处理均衡算法

针对电力线通信（PLC）正交频分复用（OFDM）系统存在频率掩码和频谱资源利用率低等问题,提出将正交频分复用/偏移正交幅度调制（OFDM/OQAM）技术应用到PLC系统中。该技术通过选用频率选择性较好的滤波器来抑制带外干扰,且不需要循环前缀,但是OFDM/OQAM系统在PLC频域复数信道下会产生严重的自干扰,传统的均衡算法并不能有效地消除OFDM/OQAM系统的固有干扰。针对这种情况提出了一种基于信道相位预处理的均衡算法。该算法的思想是让接收信号乘以一个信道相位调整因子,使等效信道的虚部尽量小,以此来减小接收信号中的干扰分量。仿真结果表明,与传统的均衡算法相比,所提算法在误比特率为1.0×10－6时可以获得0.5dB的性能提升。