菜单点击绩效模型的建立与验证

为使研究人员能快速对交互系统的菜单设计进行评估,基于Fitts’定律和操纵定律,提出一个预测菜单点击绩效的模型,并用实验验证该模型的有效性。实验分为2个阶段,第1阶段计算模型中的系数值,第2阶段利用该系数值进行实验数据分析。实验结果表明,该模型预测得到的绩效数据与实验测试得到的绩效数据非常接近,两者相关性为0.959,可见其是有效的。     

The postural and control-display gain effects of distal pointing on upper extremity fatigue

Pointing at displays from a distance is becoming common in both work and domestic environments. Ray-casting interaction is easy for novices to learn and understand, but this technique can cause physiological fatigue. To address this issue, the present study aims to investigate the issue of fatigue caused by joint-based pointing methods and Control-Display gains (CD gains) via Fitts' task. Ten healthy subjects participated in the experiment and performed multi-directional tapping tests with three joint-based pointing methods and three CD gains. The experimental results indicated that the joint-based pointing methods indeed affected the physiological and subjective fatigue of the upper limb muscles and measured body parts during distal pointing tasks. The wrist-based pointing method, which can induce substantially lower physiological and subjective fatigue, appears to be superior to the other two methods. There were no significant main effects of CD gains on either physiological fatigue or subjective Borg's CR-10 rating.     

手机三维菜单绩效预测模型

菜单是手机界面的重要交互部件,手机功能增加所带来的菜单规模增大与手机小屏幕形成日益突出的矛盾.三维界面技术可以提高界面信息容量,因此,在手机上引入三维菜单概念是一个值得研究的课题.相应地,需要解决手机三维菜单用户操作绩效的评估问题.模型预测评估法能使研究人员和设计人员快速和以较低成本对用户界面进行评估.因此,基于Fitts定律和Hick-Hyman定律,建立了预测评估手机三维菜单操作绩效的定量模型.通过实验检验了模型的有效性,并将其与相关模型进行了对比分析.实验结果表明,实验得到的数据与该模型预测数据吻合较好,并且与相关模型相比该模型预测数据与实验数据的相关度最高.     

基于VRML的虚拟交互系统触摸感知控制仿真研究

针对虚拟交互系统触摸感知控制过程中图像存在噪声干扰,导致触摸感知效果下降的问题,提出了基于VRML的虚拟交互系统触摸感知控制方法.将初始的三维立体空间图像转换为二维平面空间图像,将不间断的图像加以变换,得到离散型的数据,通过图像中不同像素点的平均值来取代该点的灰度值,得到无噪声数字图像.针对图像中任意像素点,对其边缘点...     

The size and structure of arm movement variability decreased with work pace in a standardised repetitive precision task

Increased movement variability has been suggested to reduce the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders caused by repetitive work. This study investigated the effects of work pace on arm movement variability in a standardised repetitive pipetting task performed by 35 healthy women. During pipetting at slow and fast paces differing by 15%, movements of arm, hand and pipette were tracked in 3D, and used to derive shoulder and elbow joint angles. The size of cycle-to-cycle motor variability was quantified using standard deviations of several kinematics properties, while the structure of variability was quantified using indices of sample entropy and recurrence quantification analysis. When pace increased, both the size and structure of motor variability in the shoulder and elbow decreased. These results suggest that motor variability drops when repetitive movements are performed at increased paces, which may in the long run lead to undesirable outcomes such as muscle fatigue or overuse.     

手持设备三维菜单绩效评估

为了使研究人员能够快速、有效对手持设备的三维菜单设计进行评估,基于Fitts’定律和Hick-Hyman定律,提出了一个预测手持设备三维菜单操作绩效的模型,并用实验验证了该模型的有效性。实验分为两个阶段,第一阶段的实验是为了计算模型中的系数a₁,b₁,a₂,b₂的值,并将其用于实验第二阶段的数据分析;第二阶段的实验是为了验证模型的有效性。并结合AIC（Akaike Information Criterion）准则对该模型与其他模型进行了对比分析。实验结果表明,该模型预测得到的用户操作绩效数据与实验测试得到的绩效数据非常接近（二者相关性为0.914 5）,且通过AIC准则分析表明,该模型最优。因此,该模型是有效的。     

Performance and touch characteristics of disabled and non-disabled participants during a reciprocal tapping task using touch screen technology

Touch screens are becoming more prevalent in everyday environments. Therefore, it is important that this technology is accessible to those with varying disabilities. The objective of the current study was to evaluate performance and touch characteristics (forces, impulses, and dwell times) of individuals with and without a movement disorder during a reciprocal tapping touch screen task. Thirty-seven participants with a motor control disability and 15 non-disabled participants participated. Outcome measures include number of correct taps, dwell time, exerted force, and impulse. Results indicate non-disabled participants had 1.8 more taps than participants with fine motor control disabilities and 2.8 times more than those with gross motor impairments (p<0.05). Additionally, people with gross motor control disabilities demonstrated longer dwell times and greater impulses (p<0.05). The average force used to activate the buttons was 6.2 N, although the button activation force was 0.98 N. Differences in reciprocal tapping and touch characteristics exist between those with and without motor control disabilities. Understanding how people (including those with disabilities) interact with touch screens may allow designers and engineers to ultimately improve usability of touch screen technology.     

X-Window环境下图形连续滚动显示方法设计

在很多实际应用中,常常要在屏幕上对所绘图形进行显示．X－Window提供了一些显示较大图形的策略,但由于有时图形太大,系统提供的显示机制无法满足要求,这时必须设计另外的显示方案。提供的滚动显示方法不受绘图数据量大小的限制,适用于各种大小图形的屏幕显示。     

Effects of 3D displays: A comparison between shuttered and polarized displays

The current study investigates the effects of 3D displays (shuttered display vs. polarized display). People experienced superior fidelity and brightness when they watched 2D still images on a shuttered display, rather than on a polarized display. Conversely, people experienced greater brightness when they watched 3D still images on a polarized display, rather than on a shuttered display. Second, people were able to read a smaller font or characters on a shuttered display than on a polarized display. Third, people noticed flickering on a shuttered display when they watched 3D images. Fourth, people experienced greater brightness when they watched 3D moving images on a shuttered display, rather than on a shuttered display. The perceived brightness of the screen positively correlated with enjoyment, content satisfaction, and 3DTV satisfaction when the viewers watched a 3D movie. The flickering, on the other hand, has a negative correlation with enjoyment and 3DTV satisfaction.     

快速滚动和移动的虚拟屏幕

本文提出了一种虚拟屏幕的设计方法并研究了适合于虚拟屏幕的滚动和移动技术。在程序设计中，对ＶＧＡ显示卡的寄存器和显存直接进行操作和控制，以保证在虚拟屏幕上建立图形，并实现虚拟屏幕的快速滚动和移动。     

C++ Builder下循环滚动文本的一种特殊实现

本文讨论了文本多媒体循环滚动的几种实现方法，并以某监控系统的实际应用为背景，给出了按常规方法不能实现的整篇文字首尾相接，循环、平滑滚动的一种解决方案。     

A preliminary investigation of the time tunnels display design technique

Two forms of decision support were evaluated using a simulated process control task environment. The time tunnel display design concept provides temporal (historical) information about the value of variables and relationships over time using perspective geometry and the depth plane. The compensated level variable is a quickened display that provides estimates of system state that is not confounded by counter-intuitive and time-delayed thermodynamic effects. These two forms of decision support were applied factorially (present, absent) to produce four experimental conditions. The results for system control and fault detection tasks indicate that display quickening improved performance significantly while the time tunnel displays did not. The results for data extraction tasks (reporting the values of system variables) were dependent upon the quality of the mapping between properties in the domain and visual features in the display. Methodological factors that may have influenced the results are considered and subsequent evaluations of the time tunnels design technique, using alternative methodologies, are discussed. It is concluded that the time tunnels display design concept has potential as a form of decision support and is worthy of additional research efforts.     

A review of: “A Manager's Guide to Ergonomics in the Electronic Office. By MARVIN J. DAINOFF and MARILYN HECHT DAINOFF (Chichester John Wiley and Sons, 1987.) [Pp. xii + 230.] £19·95.

When polygon displays are used to represent multiple sources of information, sometimes they can be processed in parallel so that the significant information can be taken in ‘at a glance’. Previous studies found that reaction times (RTs) remained constant as the number of vertices was increased (Greaney and MacRae 1993). However, these studies did not call for the explicit identification of critical vertices and used polygons that were relatively regular. The present study required abnormal vertices to be identified, and it was found that RTs increased as a function of the total number of vertices. In addition, RTs were longer when the variability of the displayed information was greater, that is, when the polygon was more irregular. It was concluded that the polygon display may have more potential as a global warning indicator than as a means of displaying individual parameter values, which must be assessed separately.