基于压缩感知理论的雷达成像技术与应用研究进展

压缩感知理论基于信号稀疏性,将对信号采样转换为对信息自由度的采样,可大大降低采样率。而将压缩感知理论应用于雷达成像时有望在以下几个方面得到改善:增强成像性能,简化雷达硬件设计,缩短数据获取时间,减少数据量和传输量等。该文从压缩感知的稀疏性,压缩采样,无模糊重建3个关键步骤与成像雷达有机结合的角度,对近年来基于压缩感知理论的雷达成像技术研究现状进行系统综述,重点论述场景稀疏性与成像关系, 压缩采样方法(包括硬件)设计,场景图像快速高精度重建以及成像系统体制应用等方面,最后探讨了压缩感知理论应用尚需解决的问题和进一步发展方向。     

基于压缩感知的探地雷达成像算法研究

压缩感知理论通过从一系列非自适应线性测量中求解一个凸L_1最小化问题,从而对稀疏信号进行重构。该文基于压缩感知理论对宽带合成孔径雷达成像,利用空间目标信号成像的稀疏性,提出了一种全新的低采样率数据采集重构算法。此算法在获取雷达信号原始数据时采用压缩感知的算法,减少了原始信号数据的采样量,并且用少量的测量数据和测量孔径获得重建测量目标的信息。最后将此算法与传统的反投影成像进行了比较,其仿真试验数据表明,基于压缩感知的探地雷达成像算法比传统反向投影算法成像效果好,且所需数据量少。     

压缩成像技术研究进展

以奈奎斯特采样定理为准则,高速信号采样再压缩的传统成像方式存在明显缺陷。基于压缩感知理论的压缩成像技术则突破了传统成像系统设计理念,利用硬件实现目标图像的非自适应线性投影,从而达到利用较少数目探测器获取高精度目标图像的目的。详细阐述了压缩感知理论框架及其关键技术问题,并就目前压缩成像系统的原理和难点问题进行了深入的探讨和分析。     

基于压缩感知的间歇采样转发干扰方法

针对现代雷达信号带宽大、频率高,相干干扰实现困难的问题,提出了基于压缩感知的间歇采样转发干扰方法.研究了压缩感知基本原理及其对模拟信号处理的实现方法,分析了压缩感知对线性调频信号的间歇采样实现方法及其转发干扰效果.仿真结果表明,压缩感知理论对宽带雷达信号间歇采样具有较好的适用性,对宽带雷达能够实现较好的干扰效果.     

基于压缩感知的随机噪声成像雷达

近年来提出的压缩感知(CS)理论指出可以从很少的采样点中以很大的概率准确重建原始的未知稀疏信号。该文将压缩感知与随机噪声雷达相结合,提出了基于压缩感知的随机噪声雷达,并给出了该雷达系统的基本原理框图,从理论上证明了基于压缩感知的随机噪声雷达的回波观测矩阵具有很好的等容性质,在目标场景稀疏或可以稀疏表示时,基于压缩感知的随机噪声雷达可以采集远小于常规随机噪声雷达成像所需的回波数据并能实现准确成像,最后通过仿真实验验证了该文的结论。     

基于分布式压缩感知的窄带LFMCW旋翼成像方法

针对窄带LFMCW体制雷达旋翼成像问题,研究了一种基于分布式压缩感知(DCS)的窄带LFMCW旋翼ISAR成像方法。在该方法中,根据窄带LFMCW体制雷达成像与传统脉冲体制回波模型上的差异,基于转速参数估计和压缩感知理论,建立了LFMCW体制雷达旋翼回波稀疏基以及稀疏表示模型,在此基础上,研究了相应的ISAR成像方法。在该算法中,首先提取出脉压后旋翼所在距离单元内的回波,通过自相关思想并利用图像熵完成对旋翼目标叶片个数和旋翼转速的估计;然后对于方位欠采样条件时传统方法不适用于LFMCW雷达的旋翼成像问题,根据旋翼转速信息构建出窄带LFMCW分布式稀疏基,将Dechirp后的回波信号通过DSOMP算法进行重构,实现最终成像。仿真结果验证了所研究方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于压缩感知的多发多收高分辨SAR成像算法研究

压缩感知理论指出,稀疏信号可以通过以低于奈奎斯特采样的测量数据重建出原始信号。针对高分辨率SAR成像在奈奎斯特理论下所面临的高速A／D采样、大数据量存储、传输等问题挑战。本文提出了一种基于压缩感知理论的多发多收高分辨率SAR二维成像算法。该算法减轻了高分辨率SAR成像的压力,采用压缩感知处理降低了A／D采样速率、数据量...     

基于压缩感知的宽带成像雷达Chirp信号回波的压缩和重构

针对宽带成像雷达chirp信号回波按照带通采样定理采样得到的数据量大所导致的存储压力大的问题,本文提出基于压缩感知的chirp信号回波压缩和重构方法,首先就回波是否可压缩,利用chirplet变换分析了chirp信号回波的稀疏性,在信号稀疏的基础上,应用chirplet变换给出了可应用于压缩感知的稀疏字典及其简化形式,并证明了所给出的简化形式稀疏字典满足信号重构的条件。最后给出了回波的压缩和重构方法并结合ISAR成像进行了数字实验,先在目标转动加平动模型下,进行了数据的压缩和重构,通过比较重构信号和原信号的时域波形、高分辨距离像和ISAR成像结果,验证了本文的方法。最后仿真分析了重构误差随信噪比的变化曲线,说明了本文的方法对信噪比的要求。      

CS与GPR联合反演目标成像

压缩传感(CS)理论是在已知信号具有稀疏性或可压缩性的条件下对信号数据进行采集、编解码的新理论。压缩传感采用非自适应线性投影来保持信号的原始结构,能通过数值最优化问题准确重构原始信号。压缩传感以远低于奈奎斯特频率进行采样,在高分辨压缩成像系统、视频图像采集系统、雷达成像以及MRI医疗成像等领域有着广阔的应用前景。阐述了压缩传感理论框架以及信号稀疏表示、CS编解码模型,并进行了压缩传感与探地雷达联合反演目标成像。反演结果表明,随机孔径压缩传感成像算法比递归反向投影算法和最小二乘法所需数据量少,成像效果好,目标旁瓣小,对噪声的鲁棒性更好。     

强地杂波下基于压缩感知的稀疏子脉冲高分辨雷达成像方法

针对稀疏雷达孔径数据处理与成像问题,本文提出了一种强地杂波背景下基于压缩感知（CS）的线性调频步进信号（SFCS）稀疏子脉冲高分辨雷达成像方法。在对稀疏回波数据解线调时,采用填零一次相消技术剔除地杂波,对粗分辨距离像序列二次采样后获得高信杂比的目标高分辨回波信号;再利用该信号的频域稀疏特性,结合各脉冲簇中随机丢失不同子脉冲的情况,构造相应的部分傅里叶基矩阵实现雷达数据的稀疏化表征,然后利用正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法对目标高分辨距离像（HRRP）进行重构处理,实现对目标的高分辨成像。仿真结果验证了本文方法的有效性。      

The high resolution MIMO radar system based on minimizing the statistical coherence of compressed sensing matrix

Compressed Sensing (CS) theory is a great breakthrough of the traditional Nyquist sampling theory. It can accomplish compressive sampling and signal recovery based on the sparsity of interested signal, the randomness of measurement matrix and nonlinear optimization method of signal recovery. Firstly, the CS principle is reviewed. Then the ambiguity function of Multiple-Input Multiple- Output (MIMO) radar is deduced. After that, combined with CS theory, the ambiguity function of MIMO radar is analyzed and simulated in detail. At last, the resolutions of coherent and non-coherent MIMO radars on the CS theory are discussed. Simulation results show that the coherent MIMO radar has better resolution performance than the non-coherent. But the coherent ambiguity function has higher side lobes, which caused a deterioration in radar target detection performances. The stochastic embattling method of sparse array based on minimizing the statistical coherence of sensing matrix is proposed. And simulation results show that it could effectively suppress side lobes of the ambiguity function and improve the capability of weak target detection.     

Compressive sensing applied to radar systems: an overview

Modern radar systems tend to utilize high bandwidth, which requires high sampling rate, and in many cases, these systems involve phased array configurations with a large number of transmit–receive elements. In contrast, the ultimate goal of a radar system is often to estimate only a limited number of target parameters. Thus, there is a pursuit to find better means to perform the radar signal acquisition as well as processing with much reduced amount of data and power requirement. Recently, there has been a great interest to consider compressive sensing (CS) for radar system design; CS is a novel technique which offers the framework for sparse signal detection and estimation for optimized data handling. In radars, CS enables the achievement of better range-Doppler resolution in comparison with the traditional techniques. However, CS requires the selection of suitable (sparse) signal model, the design of measurement system as well as the implementation of appropriate signal recovery method. This work attempts to present an overview of these CS aspects, particularly when CS is applied in monostatic pulse-Doppler and MIMO type of radars. Some of the associated challenges, e.g., grid mismatch and detector design issues, are also discussed.     

UWB Echo Signal Detection With Ultra-Low Rate Sampling Based on Compressed Sensing

A major challenge in ultra-wide-band (UWB) signal processing is the requirement for very high sampling rate. The recently emerging compressed sensing (CS) theory makes processing UWB signal at a low sampling rate possible if the signal has a sparse representation in a certain space. Based on the CS theory, a system for sampling UWB echo signal at a rate much lower than Nyquist rate and performing signal detection is proposed in this paper. First, an approach of constructing basis functions according to matching rules is proposed to achieve sparse signal representation because the sparse representation of signal is the most important precondition for the use of CS theory. Second, based on the matching basis functions and using analog-to-information converter, a UWB signal detection system is designed in the framework of the CS theory. With this system, a UWB signal, such as a linear frequency-modulated signal in radar system, can be sampled at about 10% of Nyquist rate, but still can be reconstructed and detected with overwhelming probability. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective for sampling and detecting UWB signal directly even without a very high-frequency analog-to-digital converter.     

基于正交匹配追踪算法的语音信号重构研究

压缩感知理论是近年来提出的一种新兴的基于信号稀疏性的采样理论。正交匹配追踪算法是其中一种典型的重构方法,文中针对语音信号重构中存在的不足,采用正交匹配追踪算法对语音信号进行信号重构,相比于传统的压缩感知的重构算法更加地适用于对含噪语音、重构语音质量会更高,去噪效果也会更明显。为语音信号CS性能的基础性的研究提供了参考。     

An Introduction To Compressive Sampling [A sensing/sampling paradigm that goes against the common knowledge in data acquisition]

Conventional approaches to sampling signals or images follow Shannon's theorem: the sampling rate must be at least twice the maximum frequency present in the signal (Nyquist rate). In the field of data conversion, standard analog-to-digital converter (ADC) technology implements the usual quantized Shannon representation - the signal is uniformly sampled at or above the Nyquist rate. This article surveys the theory of compressive sampling, also known as compressed sensing or CS, a novel sensing/sampling paradigm that goes against the common wisdom in data acquisition. CS theory asserts that one can recover certain signals and images from far fewer samples or measurements than traditional methods use.     

压缩感知理论及其应用前景

压缩感知理论是近年来提出的一种基于信号稀疏性的新兴采样理论。与通常的数据采样定理不同,该理论提出可以用远远少于传统采样定理所需的采样点数或观测点数恢复出原信号或图像。本文主要阐述了压缩感知中信号的稀疏表示、测量矩阵的设计及信号的重构算法等基本理论,论述了该理论的广阔应用前景。     

正交预处理在DSSS信号压缩感知中的应用

直接序列扩频信号因具有良好的隐蔽性和抗干扰性能被广泛应用,压缩感知能有效降低直扩信号的采样速率。当通过冗余字典稀疏分解直扩信号时,观测矩阵和稀疏基一般有强相关性,该文提出正交预处理(Orthogonal Pretreatment:OPT)方法对观测矩阵和稀疏基进行预处理,降低观测矩阵与稀疏基之间的相关性,从而提高信息恢复的精度与稳定性,仿真结果表明提出的方法有效。