水驱抽油机井管杆偏磨可靠性研究

根据系统可靠性理论出发,通过对水驱抽油机井管杆偏磨失效数据的收集和整理,推断出寿命统计模型,把握其寿命分布规律,得到狭义可靠性指标,实现对其工作可靠性的定量评价和预测。通过建立偏磨井管杆偏磨失效的故障树,找出发生管杆偏磨失效的关联因素及其组合,应用可靠性数学论计算各关联因素对顶事件发生的结构重要度,从而找出最薄弱环节,为科学治理和有效控制管杆偏磨失效,降低水驱抽油机井检泵率提供充分依据。     

正交试验法在抽油机井管杆偏磨失效分析中的应用

采用正交试验法揭示了影响水驱抽油机井管杆偏磨的主要人为控制因素对检泵周期影响的规律性，从中找出各因素对检泵周期影响的主次关系，并确定出最优的工艺条件组合。运用方差分析理论处理试验结果，得出各因素对管杆偏磨井检泵周期影响的显著程度，从而发现最薄弱环节，为科学治理和有效控制管杆偏磨失效，降低水驱抽油机井检泵率提供合理依据。     

有杆泵井管杆偏磨规律实验研究

利用自行设计制造的管杆磨蚀试验机,对N80油管和F45钒接箍材料进行了磨蚀实验,获得了油井产出液中油水比和含砂量对管杆偏磨的影响规律;并对J55和N80油管进行了腐蚀实验,获得了油田产出液pH值、矿化度对管杆磨蚀率的影响关系规律。实验结果表明:油井产出液油水比在5%~20%之间时,油水比越大,管杆的磨蚀率越小;含砂量在0.3‰~1.5‰之间时,管杆材料的磨蚀率随着油井产出液含砂量的增加而增大;管杆材料的腐蚀率都随着油井产出液矿化度的增大而增大。     

孤东油田液压反馈泵应用研究

针对部分油井因管杆偏磨严重导致生产周期短、频繁检泵作业及管杆报废率高的问题,采油厂协作开发反馈式抽油泵采油工艺,通过改造泵结构,抽油杆下行时,利用液柱提供一定的反馈力,以减小光杆缓下杆受到的压力,防止抽油杆出现挠度,从而避免或减轻有杆采油的磨损、脱扣、断杆造成的作业有效期短的问题。现场应用4口井,表明该工艺技术先进,管柱结构简单实用,主要技术参数设计合理,适用于稠油掺水井、偏磨井。     

油管涂层的摩擦学性能实验研究

为了治理有杆泵井的管杆偏磨问题,在油管上喷涂了一层耐磨防腐涂层,并对比研究了抽油杆和油田常用的油管摩擦副及喷涂耐磨涂层后的油管摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:与45#钢对磨时,N80的耐磨性要比J55好;当45#钢与J55涂层油管对磨时,J55涂层油管的耐磨性比J55油管提高了5倍,并且配对的45#钢的磨损量也降低了1/2;因此45#钢与J55油管涂层配合使用时防偏磨效果十分理想。     

磁悬浮线性电泵技术特点分析及现场应用

系统阐述了磁悬浮线性电泵采油设备的原理、结构、特点及在油田的现场使用中遇到的问题、应对措施。说明了该设备可满足各油田对磁悬浮线性电泵采油设备提出的要求,并介绍了磁悬浮线性电泵采油设备的应用情况。该设备的应用有效解决了常规设备采油时的管杆偏磨问题,降低了设备运行成本,促进了采油工艺水平提升。     

油井管杆材料配对腐蚀试验研究

针对有杆泵井普遍存在的油管和抽油杆偏磨腐蚀问题,对2种管材料N80和J55,3种杆材料20CrMo,35CrMo和45#钢分别配对,在不同矿化度的污水和温度条件下进行腐蚀试验,测试了不同管杆材料配对时的腐蚀速度,获得了温度和矿化度对管杆配对腐蚀的影响规律。结果表明:配对试样的腐蚀速度均随污水矿化度的升高而增加;在较高矿化度污水中,温度越高腐蚀越严重,在中低矿化度污水中,温度较低时腐蚀较严重;35CrMo/J55配对在各种温度和矿化度条件下抗腐蚀性能均较好。     

激光表面改性油管与接箍磨损配合研究

油田机采井抽油杆接箍与油管在工作状态下构成滑动摩擦副,同时还承受介质腐蚀和交变载荷,产生磨损、腐蚀和疲劳断裂失效。为了解决有杆泵井的管杆偏磨问题,采用5 kW横流CO2激光器对油管内壁和接箍表面进行强化处理,并进行摩擦磨损试验。结合激光强化层的组织分析,对比研究不同油管接箍构成的摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:激光相变硬化油管与激光熔覆Ni35接箍的配合效果比较理想;在摩擦磨损过程中,管杆间磨损以磨粒磨损为主。     

机采油井杆管偏磨分析与研究

杆管偏磨是导致油井检泵的主要原因，详细分析了引起杆管偏磨的中原因以及影响偏磨的各种因素，指出了杆管偏磨是机械磨损、腐蚀磨损和温磨粒磨损联合作用的结果，在目前条件下是难以避免的。提出了用摩擦学系统方法研究杆管的偏磨问题。     

HELUX底盘汽车前轮偏磨问题分析

针对HELUX底盘汽车前轮偏磨问题,建立计算数学模型,运用数学计算方法,对前轮前束与其他前轮参数的匹配进行技术分析和数学计算,找出轮胎偏磨的原因,提出了一种解决前轮独立悬架前轮胎偏磨的措施实施方案;结合检测线侧滑量检测和实车试验,解决了HELUX底盘汽车偏磨问题.     

灰色系统理论在油井管杆偏磨故障树分析中的应用

将灰色系统理论中的灰关联分析方法引入到油井管杆偏磨故障树分析中，根据故障树底事件结构重要度，对故障树分析中各种故障模式发生的可能性大小作出了准确判断，并用具体实例给予说明。     

Fretting damage of TiN coated zircaloy-4 tube

Fretting has been reported and investigated for over 50 years. However, it is still one of the modern plagues for several industrial machineries. Especially, fretting of fuel rod cladding material, zircaloy-4 tube, in pressurized water reactor (PWR) must be reduced and avoided. Thin hard coatings are employed to improve the tribological properties such as friction and wear of conventional engineering materials. Among these coatings, physical vapor deposition (PVD) TiN coating is probably one of the most frequently and successfully used PVD coatings for the mitigation of fretting wear. Therefore, in this study a fretting wear experiment was performed using TiN coated zircaloy-4 tube as the fuel rod cladding material and uncoated zircaloy-4 tube as one of the grids. The fretting tester was designed and manufactured for this experiment. The number of cycles, slip amplitude and normal load were selected as main factors of fretting. The type of contact was cylinder-to-cylinder contact. The worn surface was observed by optical microscope, 3-D surface measuring instrument and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of this research showed that the wear volume of TiN coated zircaloy-4 tube decreased about 1.2–3 times more than uncoated tube and wear mechanisms were brittle fracture, fatigue fracture, adhesion, abrasion and oxidation.     

有杆泵井管杆偏磨腐蚀试验研究

利用摩擦磨损试验机,对N80、J55两种油管材料与45#钢、35CrMo和20CrMo 3种抽油杆材料配对后在不同矿化度油井污水、温度下进行了摩擦磨损腐蚀试验.结果表明:在低温、低矿化度污水中,管杆磨蚀量相差不大,磨蚀效果不明显;污水矿化度对配对管杆磨蚀影响显著,而在同等污水条件下,磨蚀量随温度的升高略呈上升趋势;从整体来看,35CrMo/J55配对在各条件下的磨蚀量均较小,是较理想的摩擦副.     

The experiment of flow induced vibration in PWR RCCAs

Recently, severe wear on the shutdown rod cladding of Ulchin Nuclear Power Plant #1, #2 were observed by the Eddy Current Test (E.C.T.). In particular, the wear at the sixth card location was up to 75%. The test results indicated that the Flow Induced Vibration (F.I.V.) might be the cause of the fretting wear resulting from the contact between Rod Cluster Control Assemblies (RCCAs) and their spacing cards (guide plates) arranged in the guide tube. From reviewing RCCAs fretting wear reports and analyzing the general characteristics of F. I. V. mechanism in the reactor, geometric layout and flow conditions arround the control rod, it is concluded that the turbulence excitation is the most probable vibration mechanism of RCCA. To identify the governing mechanism of RCCA vibration, an experiment was performed for a representative rod position in which the most serious fretting wear was experienced among the six rod positions. The experimental rig was designed and set up to satisfy the governing nondimensional numbers which are Reynolds number and mass damping parameter. The vibration amplitude measurement by the non-contact laser displacement sensor showed good agreements in the frequency and the maximum wearing (vibration) location with Ulchin E. C. T. results and Framatome report, respectively. The sudden increase in the vibration amplitude was sensed around the 6th guide plate with mass flow rate variation. Comparing the similitude rod behaviour with the idealized response of a cylinder in flow induced vibration, it was found that the dominant mechanism of vibration was transferred from turbulence excitation to periodic shedding at the mass flow rate 90l/min. Also the critical velocity of the vibration in RCCAs was determined and the vibration can be prevented by reducing the bypass flow rate below the critical velocity.     

An investigation of tube and rod electrode wear in micro EDM drilling

This paper studies the influence of various factors contributing to micro electrode wear during electrical discharge machining (EDM) drilling with micro rod and micro tube electrodes. In this paper, a simple method for calculating volumetric wear ratios is proposed based only on geometrical information obtained from the process. The objective of the research is to investigate the wear behaviour of electrodes and the suitability of electrode wear compensation methods. Electrode shape deformation and random variation of the volumetric wear are studied as the main factors affecting the applicability of wear compensation methods and as an indicator of the accuracy achievable with the micro EDM process.     

抽油机井抽油杆柱瞬态力学行为有限元分析方法

抽油杆柱是一个超细长的大柔性杆,其运动的力学行为是几何非线性、接触非线性和动力学的耦合问题.将几何非线性、接触非线性和动力学有机地结合起来,运用有限元方法,精确地描述了抽油杆柱在充满井液的油管内往复运动的力学行为,找出了其屈曲、杆管接触和磨损的变化规律,为防止油杆柱断脱和油管漏失事故提供了理论依据.