采用分组线性星座预编码OFDM的分层空时传送方式及其迭代接收

本文在设计多输入多输出系统时融合了分层空时结构和空时码的设计思想,在接收端联合采用了随机分层空时编码和分组线性星座预编码OFDM多载波发送方式;并在接收端采用了迭代接收机.仿真结果表明本文提出的方案能充分利用多输入多输出频率选择性信道提供的多径和空间分集度,同时保持了分层空时结构的高数据速率的特性.     

空时编码技术的研究

在第三代移动通信系统中,空时编码是抗信道衰落和提高系统容量的一种新的编码方式。本文介绍了三种主要的技术方案:分层空时码(BLAST),空时格码(STTC)和空时分组码(STBC)。     

分层空时码技术及其在3G中的应用

在第三代移动通信系统中,空时编码是抗多径衰落和提高系统容量的一种新技术,分层空时码(BLAST)被标准化为高速下行分组接入(HSDPA)的技术方案之一.本文对分层空时码的基本原理进行阐述,对其当前的发展进行分析,最后讨论了分层空时码在第三代通信系统中的应用,包括应用策略和技术方案等.     

适用于串行级联结构的广义递归网格空时码设计

该文结合网格空时码(STTC)和分层空时码(BLAST)的优点,利用多个高码率卷积码,设计了一类适用于串行级联结构的广义递归STTC(G-RSTTC)。相比于传统以递归STTC为内码的串行级联空时码(SCSTC),其数据速率可随发送天线数增加而线性增加;相比于以BLAST为内码的SCSTC,基于G-RSTTC的SCSTC可获得更大的分集增益和编码增益。     

MIMO系统中分层结构的空时分组码

结合了分层空时码和空时分组码的各自优点，并针对BLAST抗衰落性能差以及STBC编码速率不高，可能达不到一定的频谱效益的特点，研究了一种分层结构的空时分组编码方法。在发射端对天线分组，每组进行独立的STBC编码，在接受端采用分组干扰抑制的方法对各组信号进行分离，然后进行STBC译码。该方案具有高于STBC的频谱利用率和编码速率，仿真结果表明，其抗衰落性能也优于BLAST。     

第三代移动通信中的空时编码技术

空时编码技术是一种有效提高无线通信系统容量的技术,在它的发展过程中产生了4种主要的技术方案:分层空时码(BLAST)、空时格码(STTC)、空时分组码(STBC)和酉空时码(USTC)。本文主要对这四种空时码的基本原理进行阐述,并对各种空时码类型的优缺点进行比较,最后讨论了空时码技术在第三代移动通信中的应用情况。     

基于MIMO的垂直分层空时码检测算法

分层空时码(BLAST)是贝尔实验室提出的一种基于多入多出(MIMO)传输方式的空时码系统。本文着重研究了BLAST系统中一类垂直分层空时码的检测算法,依据信号模型,分析推导了基于迫零准则和最小均方误差准则的估计算法,并在此基础上采用了以上算法与判决反馈及最佳排序思想结合的方法,使系统的误码率性能得到了提高。最后通过仿真实验比较了各种算法的性能和特点,结果表明分层空时码用于无线通信具有极大优势。     

第三代移动通信中的空时编码技术

空时编码技术是一种有效的提高无线通信系统容量的技术,在它的发展过程中产生了3种主要的技术方案:分层空时码(BLAST),空时格码(STTC)和空时分组码(STBC)。对这三种空时码的基本原理进行阐述,对它们各自当前的发展进行分析,并对各种空时码类型的优缺点进行比较。最后讨论了空时码技术在第三代移动通信中的应用状况。     

频率选择性衰落信道下的BLAST新方案

提出一种将贝尔实验室分层空时(BLAST)技术与RAKE接收机相结合的方案,介绍了该方案的算法原理,并与现有的频率选择性衰落信道下的BLAST方案进行了仿真对比.结果表明新方案在系统性能损失不大的情况下,极大地降低了系统复杂度.     

基于分层结构的空时分组码

提出了一种新的空时编码方法,该方法结合了分层空时BLAST (Bell Layered Space Time)结构及空时分组码STBC (Space Time Block Code)的优点.采用在发射端对发射天线分组,对于每组进行独立的空时分组编码,而在接收端进行分组干扰抑制,并且用奇异值分解方法实现解码.该方法具有高于STBC的频谱利用率和码速率.仿真结果验证了该方法的抗衰落性能优于BLAST.     

Multiple antennas in cellular CDMA systems: transmission,detection, and spectral efficiency

Providing wireless high-speed packet data services for Web browsing and streaming multimedia applications will be a key feature in future code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. We study down-link CDMA schemes for providing such services using multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver. We propose a generalization of the point-to-point narrowband Bell Labs layered space-time (BLAST) system to a wideband multiple access system which simultaneously supports multiple users through code spreading. We discuss transmission options for achieving transmit diversity and spatial separation and introduce a generalization of the vertical BLAST detector for CDMA signals. Using link level simulations, we determine the bit-error rates versus signal-to-interference ratio of the various transmitter options. We then describe a novel technique for determining the system spectral efficiency (measured in bits per second per Hertz per cell sector) by incorporating the link level results with system level outage simulations. Using four antennas at the transmitter and eight antennas at each receiver, the system can support multiple receivers at 16 times the voice rate, resulting in a system spectral efficiency an order magnitude higher than a conventional single-antenna voice system     

Multiple Antenna Enhancements for a High Rate CDMA Packet Data System

A High Data Rate (HDR) system has been proposed for providing downlink wireless packet service by using a channel-aware scheduling algorithm to transmit to users in a time-division multiplexed manner. In this paper, we propose using multiple antennas at the transmitter and/or at the receiver to improve performance of an HDR system. We consider the design tradeoffs between scheduling and multi-antenna transmission/detection strategies and investigate the average Shannon capacity throughput as a function of the number of antennas assuming ideal channel estimates and rate feedback. The highest capacities are achieved using multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver. For such systems, the best performance is achieved using a multi-input multi-output capacity-achieving transmission scheme such as BLAST (Bell Labs Layered Space-Time) in which the transmitted signal is coded in space and time, and the receive antennas are used to resolve the spatial interference. In the second part of the paper, we discuss practical transmitter and receiver architectures using BLAST for approaching the theoretical gains promised by the capacity analysis. Because the terminal receivers will be portable devices with limited computational and battery power, we perform a computational complexity analysis of the receiver and make high-level assessments on its feasibility. We conclude that the overall computational requirements are within the reach of current hardware technology.     

Turbo-BLAST系统中基于容量的天线选择和功率分配算法

在不完全信道状态信息条件下,提出了一种适用于Turbo BLAST系统的天线选择和功率分配算法。所提算法以信道容量最大化为准则,从所有天线中选取一组天线子集用于发射,并对选择的天线子集进行注水功率分配,以充分利用Turbo BLAST系统的空间复用增益并提高信道容量。在接收端,采用Turbo原理对接收信号进行迭代检测以改善系统的误比特率性能。仿真结果表明采用所提算法不仅可以显著提高系统的信道容量, 而且误比特率性能也得到明显的改善。      

Reduced-dimension MAP turbo-BLAST detection

The Bell Labs layered space-time (BLAST) architecture is a simple and efficient multiantenna coding structure that can achieve high spectral efficiency. Many BLAST detectors require more receiver antennas than transmitter antennas. We propose two novel turbo-processing BLAST detectors that can operate in systems with fewer receiver antennas than transmitter antennas. Both detectors are based on the group-detection strategy. The first proposed detector, the reduced-dimension maximum a posteriori (RDMAP) detector uses a dynamically formed group for each bit decision, while the second proposed detector, the group maximum a posteriori (GMAP) uses a static grouping. For both detectors, a maximum a posteriori (MAP) decision is made using a group of transmitted symbols, and the remaining signal contribution is treated as interference. The interference is characterized as nonzero mean colored-noise source that is whitened before a decision is made. Both proposed detectors are generalizations of the MAP detector and the turbo-processing minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) detector in Sellathurai and Haykin, and Abe and Matsumoto. An uncoded bit-error rate analysis for an independent Rayleigh fading environment is also presented. Simulated results are presented which show that both the RDMAP and GMAP detectors have a performance improvement over the MMSE detector, especially in systems having an excess number of transmitter antennas.     

A pre-BLAST-DFE technique for the downlink of frequency-selective fading MIMO channels

In this paper, we propose a pre-Bell Laboratories layered space-time (BLAST)-decision-feedback equalization technique for the downlink of frequency-selective fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels to combat multiple-access interference (MAI) and intersymbol interference (ISI). In our technique, we perform MIMO pre-equalization and prelayered space-time processing at the transmitter or base station, with a simplified receiver at the mobile station that requires only limited signal processing. An important application is in the downlink, so that a simplified mobile station can be constructed. An expression for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and error probability based on the Gaussian approximation of the output noise term is derived. Performance is investigated by analysis and simulation results. In particular, it is demonstrated that the diversity order of this technique is higher than that of the MIMO orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) with vertical (V)-BLAST and MIMO OFDM with linear transmit preprocessing. It is also noticed that this technique performs better at high SNR values.     

Approaching MIMO-OFDM Capacity with Per-Antenna Power and Rate Feedback

This paper presents power-efficient transmission schemes for the multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) block-fading channel under the assumption that the channel during each fading block is known perfectly at the receiver, but is unavailable at the transmitter. Based on the well-known vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) architecture that employs independent encoding for each transmit antenna and successive decoding at the receiver, this paper presents a per-antenna-based power and rate feedback scheme, termed the "closed-loop" V- BLAST, for which the receiver jointly optimizes the power and rate assignments for all transmit antennas, and then returns them to the transmitter via a low-rate feedback channel. The power and rate optimization minimizes the total transmit power for support of an aggregate transmission rate during each fading block. Convex optimization techniques are used to design efficient algorithms for optimal power and rate allocation. The proposed algorithms are also modified to incorporate practical system constraints on feedback complexity and on modulation and coding. Furthermore, this paper shows that the per-antenna-based power and rate control can be readily modified to combine with the conventional linear MIMO transmit preceding technique as an efficient and capacity-approaching partial-channel-feedback scheme. Simulation results show that the closed-loop V-BLAST is able to approach closely the MIMO-OFDM channel capacity assuming availability of perfect channel knowledge at both the transmitter and the receiver.     

Combined linear pre-equalization and BLAST equalization with channel correlation feedback

In this letter, we study linear pre-equalization in conjunction with BLAST equalization. Linear pre-equalization is based on the assumption that the channel state information available at the transmitter is limited to the second order statistics of channel and noise (long term channel state information or LT-CSI). Through simulations, we compare different design criteria for the pre-equalizer and show the advantages of the considered structure with respect to BLAST.     

Linear and nonlinear preequalization/equalization for MIMO systems with long-term channel state information at the transmitter

A transceiver structure for frequency-flat multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that comprises linear/nonlinear preequalization/equalization is optimized according to the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion under the assumption that only long-term channel state information (i.e., correlation matrices of fading channel and noise) is available at the transmitter. The structure generalizes different techniques known from the literature, such as BLAST, linear preequalization and equalization, and Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP). Simulations show that relevant benefits can be obtained by exploiting the long term channel state information at the transmitter in both dense multipath channels with relatively large correlation at the transmitter side and in sparse multipath channels.     

Implementation and experimental results of a three-transmitter three-receiver OFDM/BLAST testbed

A three-transmitter three-receiver orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing Bell Laboratories layered space-time testbed is set up, which achieves a peak data rate of 281.25 Mb/s and a spectral efficiency of 14.4 b/Hz/s. The transmitter of the testbed consists of three signal generators transmitting three independent OFDM signals at 25 Msamples/s synchronously. Three synchronized receiving links are used, each of which includes an RF receiver, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital downconverter, and a PowerPC processor for baseband processing. The performance and complexity of three typical BLAST detection techniques (linear detection, ordered decision feedback detection, and partial decision detection) are evaluated and compared using the data from the experiments conducted in both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight indoor environments.     

A transmitter diversity for MSK with two-bit differential detection

Transmitter diversity is a technique that is effective for mitigating signal transmission degradation caused by multipath fading which is one of the most serious problems in land mobile radio. A frequency-offset transmitter diversity is proposed for a land mobile radio system that employs minimum-shift keying (MSK) and two-bit differential detection. It is shown that high transmission efficiency can be obtained in comparison with the other frequency-offset transmitter diversity. In addition, the diversity effect on the bit error rate (BER) performance is equivalent to that of postdetection equal gain combining diversity. The BER performance improvement was confirmed by the experimental test results.