大气压等离子体射流改性船体钢表面亲水性研究

在室温下,采用大气压等离子体射流对船体钢进行表面改性,通过水接触角测量、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱等分析测试方法研究了等离子体射流处理前后船体钢表面润湿性、表面形貌及化学特性的变化。研究结果表明,船体钢经大气压空气等离子体射流处理后在其表面引入了大量含氧基团,处理2s表面的水接触角就可以降到30°以下;处理后材料表面的亲水性受处理时间及放电电流的影响且在空气中放置时会出现老化效应,处理时间越长,老化效应越弱。     

低温等离子体射流制备二氧化钛薄膜及其光催化活性的研究

利用大气压低温等离子体射流技术,以空气为放电气体,四氯化钛为钛源,在玻璃载玻片基底上制备了二氧化钛薄膜。利用扫描电镜及椭圆偏振仪分析测量了薄膜的表面形貌与沉积速率。利用紫外光照射硬脂酸分解速率评价所制备薄膜的光催化活性,结果显示在同一放电输入功率及气体流量条件下,四氯化钛前驱体引入位置距射流枪枪口越近,所制备的二氧化钛薄膜光催化性能越高。在同一反应位置时,放电输入功率的增加有助于提高二氧化钛薄膜的光催化活性。     

新型一体式除湿热泵空调循环夏季工况实验研究

传统热泵空调采用能效极低的冷凝除湿,因此需要增强除湿能力,提高能效。本文基于表面涂覆吸附剂的除湿换热器,提出一种新型一体式除湿热泵空调循环。建立了实验测试台,测试此新型循环在典型夏季工况下的送风含湿量、除湿量、送风温度及COP,并分析了关键运行参数对系统性能的影响。结果表明:新型一体式除湿热泵空调循环除湿效果良好,除湿量约为7.9 g/(kg干空气),且系统COP能达到5.2以上,新、回风温度的变化会影响送风温度和COP,新、回风含湿量的变化会影响送风温度、送风含湿量、除湿量及COP。     

Graphene Hybrid Structures for Integrated and Flexible Optoelectronics

Graphene (Gr) has many unique properties including gapless band structure, ultrafast carrier dynamics, high carrier mobility, and flexibility, making it appealing for ultrafast, broadband, and flexible optoelectronics. To overcome its intrinsic limit of low absorption, hybrid structures are exploited to improve the device performance. Particularly, van der Waals heterostructures with different photosensitive materials and photonic structures are very effective for improving photodetection and modulation efficiency. With such hybrid structures, Gr hybrid photodetectors can operate from ultraviolet to terahertz, with significantly improved R (up to 10⁹ A W⁻¹) and bandwidth (up to 128 GHz). Furthermore, integration of Gr with silicon (Si) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits, the human body, and soft tissues is successfully demonstrated, opening promising opportunities for wearable sensors and biomedical electronics. Here, the recent progress in using Gr hybrid structures toward high-performance photodetectors and integrated optoelectronic applications is reviewed.     

Biotemplated Synthesis of Hollow Double‐Layered Core/Shell Titania/Silica Nanotubes under Ambient Conditions

Bacterial flagella, protein nanotubes (～15 nm wide) detached from Salmonella typhimurium bacteria, are used to template the formation of titania/silica core/shell double‐layered nanotubes in aqueous solution under ambient conditions through a sol–gel process. The thickness of each layer is tunable by varying the concentration of precursor solutions or reaction times. Upon heating, the flagella can be removed and the inner titania layer can be transformed into a nanocrystalline layer supported by the outer silica sheath. Nanotubes with different inner pore diameters and morphologies could be templated by other bionanofibers such as M13 phage and bacterial pili. This work shows that bionanofibers can be used as a universal biotemplate for the green synthesis of nanotubes with tunable wall thicknesses.     

The Dynamics of Vapor Void under Conditions of Thermal Interaction of a Hot Spherical Particle with Ambient Water

The problem on the thermal interaction of a hot spherical particle with ambient water heated to the boiling point is solved. The level of physical parameters is treated that corresponds to the interaction between molten core droplets and cooling water in the case of severe accident in a nuclear reactor. In calculating the heat transfer via the vapor shell, the thermal radiation of the particle is included. An analytical solution in isobaric approximation is derived for the initial stage of interaction. As demonstrated by the results of comparison with a complete numerical solution, the oscillations of vapor pressure and vapor shell thickness do not affect the mean parameters of heat transfer from particle to water. Results are obtained that illustrate the damping effect of thermal radiation of the particle on the oscillation of the particle vapor shell. The possible destruction of a melt droplet under the effect of oscillation of pressure in the vapor shell is estimated, and the value of the droplet size is obtained at which its further destruction is unlikely.     

Thermodynamic Analysis of Some Industrial Applications with Variable Ambient Conditions

In this study, the general exergy balance equation of an open system is obtained based on the variable ambient temperature and pressure. Using this result, the mathematical equations regarding both the reversible work given to the system in the electric arc furnace used in steel production and the exergy loss in the rotary burner used in cement production are derived. In obtaining these equations, it is assumed that the ambient temperature has a sinusoidal variation. The effects of varying ambient parameters on calculated exergy values in industrial applications are discussed, and the obtained results are analyzed and demonstrated.     

Metal-Organic Frameworks as a New Platform to Construct Ordered Mesoporous Ce-Based Oxides for Efficient CO2 Fixation under Ambient Conditions

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are proved to be good precursors to derive various nanomaterials with desirable functions, but so far the controllable synthesis of ordered mesoporous derivatives from MOFs has not been achieved. Herein, this work reports, for the first time, the construction of MOF-derived ordered mesoporous (OM) derivatives by developing a facile mesopore-inherited pyrolysis-oxidation strategy. This work demonstrates a particularly elegant example of this strategy, which involves the mesopore-inherited pyrolysis of OM-CeMOF into a OM-CeO₂@C composite, followed by the oxidation removal of its residual carbon, affording the corresponding OM-CeO₂. Furthermore, the good tunability of MOFs helps to allodially introduce zirconium into OM-CeO₂ to regulate its acid-base property, thus boosting its catalytic activity for CO₂ fixation. Impressively, the optimized Zr-doped OM-CeO₂ can achieve above 16 times higher catalytic activity than its solid CeO₂ counterpart, representing the first metal oxide-based catalyst to realize the complete cycloaddition of epichlorohydrin with CO₂ under ambient temperature and pressure. This study not only develops a new MOF-based platform for enriching the family of ordered mesoporous nanomaterials, but also demonstrates an ambient catalytic system for CO₂ fixation.     

反应条件对石墨烯/银导电性能的影响研究

通过改进石墨烯/银制备过程中的制备温度、pH值以及不同还原剂的选择,研究了反应条件对石墨烯/银复合材料导电性能的影响。结果表明:在氧化石墨烯制备过程中,实验温度对石墨的剥落起到了关键作用,相对于一步法,多步法制备的氧化石墨烯层数更低、纯度更高、导电性能更好;复合过程中pH值的调节能够改变银在氧化石墨烯表面的沉降率,当pH值为12时,银的沉降密度最大,产物的电导率更高,达5.3×10~2 S/m;在进行氧化石墨烯材料的还原时,同等条件下,NaBH_4的还原效果要优于柠檬酸三钠和Vc的还原效果,经NaBH_4还原的r GO和rGO/Ag的电导率分别为0.46×10~4,7.32×10~4 S/m,且经NaBH_4还原的rGO/Ag制备的导电油墨,具有与商业导电银浆相媲美的电阻值。     

环境激励下斜拉桥拉索的振动观测研究

斜拉桥拉索在风、风雨组合、交通荷载等环境激励下发生大幅振动，这种振动对拉索造成极不利的影响。为了研究拉索的振动机理和响应特征，在岳阳洞庭湖大桥建立了包括风速仪、雨量计、加速度传感器组成的拉索振动观测系统，进行了多次长时间观测。根据观测记录，采用时频分析、统计技术，对拉索涡振、风雨振、交通引起的振动等响应特征、振动与环境激励的关系、振动的模态参与性、索力变化等进行了研究，得到了一些对认识拉索振动机理、并进一步控制拉索振动具有意义的结果。