提高多晶电阻工艺稳定性

文章通过对多晶薄膜的性质和多晶电阻形成工艺的稳定性研究,剖析在生产过程中三种形成多晶电阻主要工艺的波动情况,并对形成工艺波动的原因和控制方法进行了讨论。同时对于采取控制方法以后的多晶电阻的工艺情况进行分析,证明提高多晶电阻制造工艺稳定性必须提高多晶淀积和离子注入工艺能力,以及如何提高多晶淀积和离子注入的受控。最后对采取控制措施后的多晶电阻的改善效果进行回顾,说明离子注入工艺采取除气和多晶淀积隔片放置方式有效地提高了多晶电阻工艺的稳定性。     

厚多晶硅膜饱和掺杂工艺研究

文章主要介绍了通过对厚多晶硅膜进行饱和掺杂来制作低阻值多晶电阻的方法。分析了多晶硅掺杂扩散模式,其中A类扩散模式能够得到较低的多晶电阻。要使杂质以A类扩散模式掺入多晶硅中,需要采用炉管扩散的方式进行长时间的掺杂。受杂质固溶度影响,一定厚度的掺杂多晶硅电阻值是无法无限制降低的,要制作低阻值多晶电阻,需要淀积厚多晶硅薄膜。文章选择炉管扩散的方式,进行低阻值的多晶硅薄膜制作,并通过实验,证实该方法可以得到稳定、均匀、低阻值的多晶硅方块电阻。     

氧对多晶硅膜电特性的影响

研究常压淀积后4200A磷掺杂的多晶硅膜厚作为淀积速率的关系。利用电子微探针分析测定建立了淀积速率和多晶硅膜中氧含量之间的关系。从而说明淀积速率对膜的电特性和晶粒大小的影响。对于淀积速率低于400A/分的膜研究了氧含量大约是膜重量的1％,重量比约为1％的浓度的氧含量在高温过程中抑制晶粒生长,并且由于对膜性能的影响载流子浓度和(?)耳迁移率下降而使方块电阻增加。     

Trench VDMOS制造流程中多晶相关工艺问题研究

Trench VDMOS的制造流程中,要进行多晶的淀积、回蚀、清洗,其效果的好坏会直接影响到器件的电学参数,诸如Vth、Igss等。在淀积工艺中,要重点控制沉积速率、炉管清洁周期,防止产生沟槽内多晶膜层出现缝隙以及沟槽外多晶层出现凸起。在回蚀工序,要重点控制刻蚀反应物,防止造成多晶残留。清洗工序,通过选择不含水分的溶剂,避免大量水痕缺陷的产生。     

低压化学汽相沉积多晶硅工艺

本文介绍我所自制低压化学汽相沉积设备生长多晶硅工艺情况。通过实验摸索及流水线试片表明,LPCVD反应器生长多晶硅具有成本低、产量大、薄膜均匀及洁静度高等优点。此外,不用携带气体,工艺简单。我们采用20％的氦气稀释的硅烷,系统压力在0.5乇到1乇下进行淀积,淀积温度为580℃～680℃之间,硅烷流量在200～225cc/分。生长的多晶硅膜厚度为2000～8000,其淀积速率为30～280/分。根据电子扫描显微镜对晶粒的研究表明,晶粒比常压生长的晶粒要小些;晶粒大小随淀积温度增加而增加;同时方块电阻也随淀积温度增加而下降;随膜厚增加方块电阻减小。     

Si1-x-y GexCy的淀积工艺和材料特性

研究了利用减压外延的方法制备Si1-x-yGexCy薄膜的特性及与工艺参数之间的关系,给出了改善表面粗糙度、减少有源区关键尺寸(CD)减少量的方法。在单晶硅、图形硅片α-Si和光片α-Si表面Si1-x-yGexCy上淀积的Si1-x-yGexCy薄膜的表面形貌不同,在单晶硅上成长的是单晶态的Si1-x-yGexCy,在除单晶硅之外的材料上成长的都是多晶态的Si1-x-yGexCy,多晶态Si1-x-yGexCy的淀积速率高于单晶态Si1-x-yGexCy的淀积速率。多晶态Si1-x-yGexCy的淀积速率高于单晶态Si1-x-yGexCy的淀积速率,造成了淀积工艺完成后有源区CD的减少。利用低温淀积工艺和控制浅沟槽隔离(STI)凹陷的深度,可以有效减少由于淀积Si1-x-yGexCy薄膜造成的有源区CD减少量。同时,研究了碳组分对硼扩散的抑制作用,碳组分越高,对硼扩散的抑制作用越大。     

半导体桥多晶硅工艺优化

针对多晶硅淀积工艺对半导体桥性能影响严重的问题,开展多晶硅工艺优化实验,获得多晶硅淀积工艺优化条件,多晶硅半导体桥电阻稳定控制在1±0.07 Ω范围内,达到多晶硅桥的应用要求.     

钨化学气相淀积工艺方块电阻均匀性的研究

钨化学气相淀积因为其在接触孔/通孔填充中出色的台阶覆盖能力而在半导体工业中被广泛应用,在量产中经常会出现监控片的方块电阻均匀性超规格。本文主要研究了加热器、气体输送、氟化铝、机械传片定位、真空微漏等因素对方块电阻均匀性的影响,特别周期性等离子清洗产生的氟化铝对晶圆边缘的抑制反应是影响腔体维护频率的主要原因,并提出改善均匀性的有效办法。     

两种薄层电阻测试系统探针游移误差的对比分析

从理论上分析方形四探针和直线四探针薄层电阻测试方法中探针游移所造成的系统偏差,推导出计算游移偏差的公式,并作图展示探针游移后的电阻与理想值之比的分布情况,分析了两种四探针测试方法出现最大误差的情况。用方形四探针测试方法不仅比普通直线四探针测试方法所测量的微区小,而且方形四探针测量的游移偏差小于直线四探针测量所产生的偏差。经试验发现,实际测试过程中,方形四探针只要在合理压力范围内,探针游移完全在合理范围内,能够保证测试的准确性。     

激光外延是制造p-n浅结的一种好方法

研究了用激光外延淀积硅薄膜的方法,制备了具有良好特性的p-n突变浅结。 实验样片是以低掺杂的P型硅片作基底,单面抛光,以重掺杂的N型硅为靶,用溅射法在衬底上淀积一薄层重掺杂的非晶硅膜,然后将样片用Ar~+激光器,以一定功率密度和扫描速度正面辐照,或CW CO_2激光器背面辐照,产生外延生长,形成了p-n突变浅结。其结深近似等于淀积硅膜厚度。用四探针测其薄层电阻R_o,激光外延后下降了一个数量级以上,用     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.