2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇合成3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇

[目的]2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇是异戊二烯间接皂化法生产3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇过程中产生的副产物,废物回收再利用是节能减排的有效措施.[方法]2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇经氯化、酯化和皂化得到3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇.[结果]结果表明:在优化条件下,氯化反应的产率可达87.25％,酯化和皂化反应的产率可达84.53％.[结论]该方法是2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇再利用的有效方法.     

2-氨基-5-(2-苯基-1,3-硒唑-4-甲硫基)-1,3,4-噻二唑的合成

在氢氧化钾参与下,利用固-液相转移催化法合成了标题化合物,实验考察了不同催化剂、催化剂用量、反应物用量、反应温度对收率的影响,结果表明:以聚乙二醇-400为催化剂,且其物质的量为底物2-苯基-4-氯甲基硒唑的5%,2-苯基-4-硒唑基氯甲烷和2-氨基-5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑的物质的量比为1∶1.2,在丙酮中回流,为较佳反应条件,收率可达82.6%,目标物的结构经IR、1HNMR及ESI-MS等方法确证。     

6-(4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯氨基)-2,4-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的合成

本文通过还原2,6-二叔丁基-4-亚硝基苯酚得到2,6-二叔丁基-4-胺基苯酚,再与三聚氰氯反应,生成6-(4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯氨基)-2,4-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪。考察了溶剂用量、反应时间、反应温度和物料配比等对反应的影响,确定了最佳反应条件,产品收率稳定在89%。     

2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-6-(3-甲基-2-烯-1-丁基)-1,4-苯酚的合成及其副产物的研究

2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-1,4-苯酚与2-甲基丁烯醇在BF3OEt2的催化下进行傅-克烷基化反应合成2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-6-(3-甲基-2-烯-1-丁基)-1,4-苯酚。对鲜见文献报道的副产物2,2,5-三甲基-3-氢-6-羟基-7,8-二甲氧基-苯并吡喃进行了结构鉴定并推测了其形成机理,在原料辅酶Q0、甲基丁烯醇和BR的配比为1：1.5：0.19(摩尔比),反应温度45℃,滴加时间30min,反应时间2h的条件下收率达90.24％。     

2-氨基-4-氯-5-硝基苯酚的生产工艺

以2-氨基-4-氯苯酚为原料。经乙酰化、闭环、硝化、碱解和酸化合成2-氨基-4-氯-5-硝基苯酚,精制品总收率为64％。     

5-卤代-2-(4-芳基-噻唑-2-基)-腙甲基-苯酚的合成

以5-卤代-水杨醛为原料,与氨基硫脲发生缩合反应,生成5-卤代-水杨醛缩氨基硫脲。然后分别与ω-溴代苯乙酮、对甲氧基-ω-溴代苯乙酮在甲醇或丙酮溶剂中回流反应10 min,得到6个5-卤代-2-(4-芳基-噻唑-2-基)-腙甲基-苯酚,最后通过红外、核磁、质谱对其进行了结构表征。     

6-硝基-4-二甲氨基甲基-5-羟基-1-甲基-2-苯硫甲基-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯的合成

以对苯醌和3-(甲基氨基)-2-丁烯酸乙酯为起始原料,经Nenitzescu反应、乙酰化、硝化、溴代、缩合、Mannich反应得到一个新化合物6-硝基-4-二甲氨基甲基-5-羟基-1-甲基-2-苯硫甲基-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯,总产率19.3％.反应中间产物和目标产物结构采用1 HNMR和质谱确认.     

3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸的合成研究

3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸是合成新型鱼尼丁受体杀虫剂氯虫酰胺(chlorantraniliprole)的关键中间体.以2,3-二氯吡啶为原料通过肼基取代、马来酸二乙酯环合、对甲基苯磺酰氯酯化、溴化氢溴化、浓硫酸氧化脱氢以及水解6步反应制得3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-...     

2,4,4-三甲基-3-(3-羰基-1-丁烯-1-基)-2-环己烯基-1-肟的合成研究

以环柠檬醛为原料,经过亚硝化、缩合两步反应得到2,4,4-三甲基-3-(3-羰基-1-丁烯-1-基)-2-环己烯基-1-肟,收率达65.1%。并分析了该反应中亚硝化的反应机理。     

2-氯-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲醛的合成

[目的]2-氯-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲醛合成工艺研究。[方法]以2-氯-4-氟甲苯为起始原料,经氯化、水解和硝化3步制得目标物。[结果]制备的2-氯-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲醛含量可达99%,收率82%以上(以2-氯-4-氟甲苯计)。[结论]该合成方法具有工艺简单、操作简便、反应条件温和、产品含量高、原料转化率高等优点,适合工业化生产。     

Studies on synthesis of methyl glycolate and methyl methoxy acetate from the coupling of formaldehyde and methyl formate

Catalytic performance of various acids in the coupling reaction of formaldehyde and methyl formate to produce methyl glycolate and methyl methoxy acetate has been studied. The influence of reaction conditions, such as catalyst amount, reaction temperature, reaction time, and molar ratio of formaldehyde to methyl formate, has also been investigated. The results showed that the acid strength had great influence on the reaction, namely, stronger acids had higher activities. It was also found that the reaction temperature and time had significant effect on the reaction, and the preferable conditions were quite different as different acids were used.     

生物柴油低温流动改进剂复配研究

采用碱催化法制备菜籽油生物柴油和棕榈油生物柴油,对其主要品质指标进行分析;考察了添加不同的柴油低温流动改进剂及其复配物对生物柴油低温流动性能的影响。结果表明,柴油低温流动改进剂能够改善生物柴油低温流动性能;将其进行复配后,能表现出协同效应,取得更好的降滤效果,尤其能使饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量高的棕榈油生物柴油冷滤点降低8℃;不同生物柴油对柴油低温流动改进剂或其复配物感受性存在较大差异,不饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量高,且脂肪酸甲酯种类较多、分布较广的菜籽油生物柴油对单一低温流动改进剂感受性好,而饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量高,且脂肪酸甲酯种类分布较集中的棕榈油生物柴油对复配物感受性好。     

Ammoximation of methyl ethyl ketone with H2O2 and ammonia over TS‐1

The ammoximation of methyl ethyl ketone and hydrogen peroxide to form methyl ethyl ketoxime was studied over zeolites (TS‐1) in the temperature range 308–373 K. The reaction was carried out in a batch autoclave at autogenous pressure. The conversion of methyl ethyl ketone and the selectivity to methyl ethyl ketoxime can reach 99% and approximately 100%, respectively, and the by‐products were the small amounts of corresponding methyl ethyl ketazine and trace amounts of unidentified compounds. Important factors were the reaction temperature, solvents and slow addition of hydrogen peroxide. The molar ratio of NH₃ to ketone had no significant effect on the conversion of methyl ethyl ketone, but increase in the ratio of NH₃ to ketone had a beneficial effect on selectivity. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Identification of ant repellent allomone produced by social waspPolistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Two active components were isolated from the ant repellent secretion produced by glandular cells on the sixth (terminal) gastral sternite ofPolistes fuscatus (F.) females. One of the components was identified as methyl palmitate. Field bioassays with synthetic methyl palmitate showed it had repellent activity againstSolenopsis geminata (F.)Forelius pruinosus (Roger), andPheidole sp. The effectiveness of the repellent was greater againstF. pruinosus andPheidole sp. than againstS. geminata. Four methyl ester homologs of methyl palmitate also were field tested for repellent activity: methyl myristate had repellent activity against all three ant species, whereas methyl stearate, methyl linoleate, and methyl linolenate exhibited no repellency.     

A study of fatty acid methyl esters with epoxy or alkyne functionalities

Described are the physical and chemical properties of the methyl esters of two uncommon fatty acids: vernolic acid, containing an epoxy group, and crepenynic acid, containing a triple bond. The incorporation of an epoxy or alkyne group into the fatty acid structure is shown to greatly affect the properties compared to conventional unsaturated fatty acids. The methyl esters have been characterized and compared with ordinary fatty acid methyl esters (i.e., methyl oleate and linoleate) with respect to spectroscopic characterization [¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)], ¹³C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared), rheological properties, and oxidative reactivity (using chemiluminescence). Both methyl vernoleate and methyl crepenynate could successfully be produced by transesterification under basic conditions without reaction of the epoxy or alkyne groups. Rheological measurements showed that the methyl esters had a significantly lower viscosity compared to their triglyceride analogs. Smaller differences were seen when comparing the different methyl esters where methyl vernoleate had the highest viscosity due to the presence of the more polar oxirane group. Very large differences were found with respect to the oxidation rate of the different methyl esters. Methyl crepenynate was shown to oxidize extremely rapidly, whereas methyl vernoleate was very stable toward oxidation.     

活性碳纤维毡净化染料废水

以甲基橙染料溶液为目标净化物,采用单因素法,探讨了活性碳纤维毡(ACF)投加量、光源、pH值和ACF毡再生等因素对甲基橙染料溶液净化效果的影响。结果表明:在300 W氙灯照射180 min,当ACF毡投加量为0.10 g时,对100 mL质量浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙染料溶液的净化率达95.8%;当甲基橙染料溶液的pH值=10时,ACF毡表现出较高的吸附性能;经过一次再生后的ACF毡仍具有较强的净化能力,对甲基橙染料溶液的净化率达73.8%。     

高纯度乌桕脂棕榈酰胺,油酰胺制取工艺研究

为充分利用中国乌桕脂的资源优势和化学组成特点,研究并提出“两段醇解－膜式精馏－甲酯氨解”法,制得高纯度乌桕脂棕榈酸甲酯及酰胺,油酸甲酯及酰胺。     

Ni、B共掺杂TiO2-陶粒光催化降解染料废水研究

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备陶粒负载Ni2O3和B元素共掺杂纳米TiO2可见光催化剂,以甲基橙为目标降解物,探讨了光催化氧化降解甲基橙的规律,考察了催化剂的焙烧温度、Ni元素和B元素掺杂量、催化荆投加量、甲基橙溶液初始浓度、初始pH值、反应温度等因素对甲基橙脱色效果的影响。结果表明：在600℃温度下焙烧的催化剂具有最佳光催化活性;B和Ni最佳掺杂量为3．0％;甲基橙脱色率随甲基橙初始浓度的降低、催化剂投加量的增加、反应温度的升高、初始pH值降低而增大;催化剂经重复使用后,仍具有较高的光催化性能。     

MoS2/TiO2光催化降解甲基红

利用硫化钠与钼酸钠为原料,通过盐酸酸化,在TiO2上沉积MoS2纳米片。利用甲基红为降解对象,研究合成的片状纳米MoS2/TiO2复合物的光催化性能。结果显示该复合物具有优良的光催化降解甲基红的性能;催化剂用量、甲基红初始浓度与初始pH等条件对甲基红降解存在明显影响。该催化剂在重复使用3次时,甲基红2 h的脱色率接近65%,表明催化剂具有较好的重复使用性能。     

Ni、B共掺杂TiO2-陶粒光催化降解染料废水研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备陶粒负载Ni2O3和B元素共掺杂纳米TiO2可见光催化剂,以甲基橙为目标降解物,探讨了光催化氧化降解甲基橙的规律,考察了催化剂的焙烧温度、Ni元素和B元素掺杂量、催化剂投加量、甲基橙溶液初始浓度、初始pH值、反应温度等因素对甲基橙脱色效果的影响.结果表明:在600℃温度下焙烧的催化剂具有最佳光催化活...