化学机械法制浆废液中污染物质的白腐菌降解 第2部分 无外加营养盐条件下污染物质的白腐菌生化降解

进行了白腐菌处理化学机械法制浆废液的工艺实验研究 ,包括利用白腐菌降解酶的作用去除污染物质与脱色的可行性、生化处理过程影响因素的分析。研究结果表明白腐菌具有降解废液中污染物质的能力。在无外加营养盐的条件下 ,白腐菌可以直接利用废液中存在的碳水化合物降解产物作为碳源生长 ,进而开始降解其它污染物质的生化过程     

化学机械法制浆废液中污染物质的白腐菌降解 第3部分 白腐菌生化降解前后废液的气相色谱/质谱分析

在采用白腐菌处理化学机械法制浆废液探索研究的基础上，利用气相色谱／质谱联用检测技术，分析了生化处理前后废液中的有机污染物的相变化。研究结果表明，CTMP制浆废液中的毒性有机污染物主要为含有不同取代基的芳香族酚类，醇类、醛类、醚类、酯类和有机酸类等，预处理段废液和磨浆段废液相比，主要污染成分的相对含量存在着差异，经过白腐菌生化处理之后，废液中检测出来的污染物种类和含是均发生了明显变化，多种芳香族化合物的结构及其联接链发生断裂破坏，废液有机污染物的毒性显著降低。     

化学机械法制浆废液中污染物质的白腐菌降解——第1部分 CTMP废液的污染负荷与白腐菌生化降解的探索研究

研究了马尾松-尾叶桉热磨化学机械法制浆废液的污染特性及其生化可降解性,探索了利用白腐菌降解废液中污染物质的可行性,分析了污染物质生化降解的过程及其影响因素。研究结果表明白腐菌能够适应热磨化学机械法制浆废液的水质条件,有效地降解导致耗氧量的污染物质,同时去除悬浮物并脱除色度。     

白腐菌Phanerochaete Chrysosporium处理CTMP废液的研究

本文讨论了白腐菌应用于化学机械法制浆废液的作用效果。研究结果表明 :真菌可以利用CTMP废液中的碳水化合物降解产物作为碳源繁衍生长 ,进而有效地分解木素的降解产物。添加适量的氮源等营养盐 ,可以促进废水生化处理的作用效果。     

白腐菌Phanerochaete Chrysosporium处理CTMP废液的研究

本文讨论了白腐菌应用于化学机械法制浆废液的作用效果。     

亚钠法草浆废液特征及白腐菌处理试验

监测了低污染亚硫酸钠法麦草制浆废水污染特征，探讨了白腐菌培养、驯化的合适条件，设计了以煤渣为载体的生物接触法试验。结果表明：白腐菌对草浆综合废水COD的去除率为65－75％，对COD＝3000mg/L的稀释废液COD的去除率为53－57％。     

欧洲山杨化学机械法制浆废液的活性污泥法处理与调控

作为重要的技术发展趋势,化学机械法制浆在制浆造纸工业中占有相当大的比重,并将继续发展。其废液中除了含有溶出的部分木素与碳水化合物降解产物,还有残余的化学药品。由于废液的浓度低,无法采用传统的燃烧法处理。然而其产生的废液量大,污染负荷高,必须经过处理之后才能排放。因而,必须重视这类制浆废液处理技术的研究和应用。活性污泥法是好氧微生物在有溶解氧存在的条件下,分解废水中有机污染物质的生化处理方法,通过特定条件下对混合微生物群的驯化和诱导,使之能够适应欲处理废水的水质条件,可以取得良好的有机污染物质去除…     

制浆废液污染特性变化对于生化处理系统的冲击与影响

研究了阔叶木和针叶木两种原料交替更换使用时,化学机械法制浆废液污染特性变化对于生化处理系统的冲击与影响。本研究采用的活性污泥法处理系统具有高效菌类群体,对于针叶木和阔叶木两种原料的化机浆废液均有着良好的处理效果。当废液种类改变时,通过采取调控措施,废水处理系统显示出了较好的适应性。     

运用生物酶和白腐菌的针叶木生物机械法制浆

酶处理木片能降低磨浆过程的能耗,还可以对纤维引入一些新的功能特性。在螺旋挤压机挤压木片过程中,加入各种生物酶可提高酶对木片纤维的可及性。酶处理6h后使用实验室低强度磨浆机测试了磨浆能耗。实验结果与采用白腐菌（Physisporinus rivulous）生物制浆结果进行了比较。测量了一段磨浆的能耗,并评价了酶处理对纤维的化学改性效果。苏格兰松木片经过锰过氧化物酶处理后,磨浆能耗比未处理过的参比试样降低了11%,挪威云杉处理后其磨浆能耗降低稍少,约6%。真菌预处理云杉木片结果与锰过氧化物酶处理结果相似,可以节约磨浆能耗。尽管水解酶处理松木木片在最好条件下能降低15%的能耗,但水解酶和锰过氧化氢处理在平均能耗节约上相似。聚电解质滴定结果表明,经过锰过氧化物酶处理并磨浆至低游离度（CSF85～130mL）的松木浆料的纤维表面电荷量增加。大多采用白腐菌或是酶处理过的浆料,在一定的能耗下磨浆并抄造的手抄片,大部分的性能均有所提高,如强度、光散射系数和不透明度,仅白度稍有降低。锰过氧化物酶处理将成为节约能源和改进纤维表面性能的一种重要处理方式。     

白腐菌处理亚硫酸盐浆CEH漂白废水及对氯代酚类纯底物的降解

研究了白腐菌对草类亚硫酸盐浆CEH漂白废水的处理,并进一步探讨了白腐菌对废水中污染物质的纯底物的降解情况。研究表明：(1)白腐菌处理效果与漂白废水的DH值有关;(2)白腐菌处理后的漂白废水再经化学处理．可提高处理后废水排放等级标准;(3)白腐茸对漂白废水中重要污染物质——氯代酚类化合物的降解能力与氯原子的取代位置、取代数量有关。     

白腐菌对苇浆CEH漂白废水的脱色作用

本文分析了苇浆ＣＥＨ漂白各段废水的污染负荷，讨论了白腐菌对漂白废水的脱色条件。     

废液种类变换时生化处理的微生物体系与污染物质去除

化学机械法制浆系统中有阔叶木和针叶木交替使用的情况。原料种类的变化导致了制浆废液污染特性和污染负荷的差异,对废液生化处理系统会产生冲击。本讨论了不同制浆废液的更换过程中,废水活性污泥法处理的污染物质去除、微生物体系构成及其变化。     

Biodegradability of Free Monomeric and Cell-Wall-Bound Phenolic Acids in Maize Stover by Two Strains of White-Rot Fungi

Development of fungal bioconversion technology to upgrade feeding value of fibrous crop residues into animal feed requires the understanding of the impact of fungal treatments on cell wall phenolic acids. This study investigated the capacity of two strains of white-rot fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Phlebia brevispora , in degrading cell wall-bound phenolic acids in maize ( Zea maize L) stover and the free phenolic monomers in a liquid culture medium. In the study, 150 mg litre⁻¹ of p -coumaric acid (PCA), ferulic acid (FA), syringic acid (SYA), p -hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), vanillic acid (VA), and 200 mg litre⁻¹ of caffeic acid (CA) were added to a liquid nutrient medium and incubated with each of the fungi for 28 days. The results indicated that within 21 days the fungal treatments completely removed the added PCA and FA from the medium, and over 94% of SYA was degraded after 28 days. During the incubation periods, VA and PHBA were also extensively removed by P chrysosporium , but resistant to degradation by P brevispora . Disappearance of caffeic acid from the medium was related to both fungal degradation and abiotic hydrolysis. In the culture media, P chrysosporium was superior to P brevispora in removing the phenolic acids. Solid incubation of maize stover with the selected fungi for 28 days resulted in extensive degradation of cell-wall-bound FA and PCA. However, complete degradation of cell wall FA and PCA did not occur in maize stover. In contrast to results in pure liquid medium, P chrysosporium degraded only 20% of the initial concentration of cell wall PCA, and was less effective in degrading cell wall FA compared to P brevispora . These results indicate that the white-rot fungi were able to degrade phenolic acids both in pure culture medium and in cell wall matrix of maize stover. Furthermore, P brevispora exhibited stronger ability to degrade cell-wall-bound phenolic acids. Thus, this fungus can be more effective for the enhancement of fibre digestibility.     

Solid-State Bioconversion of Passion Fruit Waste by White-Rot Fungi for Production of Oxidative and Hydrolytic Enzymes

Yellow passion fruit waste (YPFW) is an abundant food waste in Brazil, rich in carbohydrates. The aim of the present work was to obtain useful oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes. YPFW solid-state cultures were done using the food-grade white-rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Macrocybe titans, Ganoderma lucidum, and Grifola frondosa. Under the conditions used in this work, the main enzymes produced by the fungi were laccases, pectinases, and aryl-β-d-glycosidases (β-glucosidases, β-xylosidases, and β-galactosidases). Laccases were produced by all fungi, and in this respect, the YPFW was as good as substrate as wheat bran, the most commonly substrate used for white-rot fungi cultivation. M. titans was the best producer of pectinase in YPFW cultures, while P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius were the best producers of aryl-β-glycosidases in both YPFW and wheat bran cultures.     

二氧化氯催化氧化法处理造纸中段废水

采用二氧化氯催化氧化法对某厂的造纸中段废水进行了处理,探讨了在催化氧化处理过程中CIO2用量、催化剂投加剂量、反应pH值、反应时间对中段废水催化氧化处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在二氧化氯投加量为40mg／100mL,反应pH值为5,处理时间为90min,催化剂用量为2．5g／100mL且重复使用4次的条件下。可使中段废水主要污染物CODcr的去除率超过42％,有利于废水后续生化处理。     

Nutrients and Chemical Pollutants in Fish and Shellfish. Balancing Health Benefits and Risks of Regular Fish Consumption

Dietary patterns and lifestyle factors are clearly associated with at least five of the ten leading causes of death, including coronary heart disease, certain types of cancer, stroke, non-insulin insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Concerning specifically fish and seafood consumption, its beneficial health effects in humans are clearly supported by an important number of studies performed in the last 30 years. These studies have repeatedly linked fish consumption, especially those species whose contents in omega-3 fatty acids are high, with healthier hearts in the aging population. The nutritional benefits of fish and seafood are also due to the content of high-quality protein, vitamins, as well as other essential nutrients. However, a number of studies, particularly investigations performed in recent years, have shown that the unavoidable presence of environmental contaminants in fish and shellfish can also mean a certain risk for the health of some consumers. While prestigious international associations as the American Heart Association have recommended eating fish at least two times (two servings a week), based on our own experimental results, as well as in results from other laboratories, we cannot be in total agreement with that recommendation. Although a regular consumption of most fish and shellfish species should not mean adverse health effects for the consumers, the specific fish and shellfish species consumed, the frequency of consumption, as well as the meal size, are essential issues for adequately balancing the health benefits and risks of regular fish consumption.